Digital Commons Network^™

Abundance Of Immature Anopheles And Culicines (Diptera: Culicidae) In Different Water Body Types In The Urban Environment Of Malindi, Kenya, Daniel E. Impoinvil, Joseph Keating, Charles M. Mbogo, Matthew D. Potts, Rinku Roy Chowdhury, John C. Beier

Geography

In this study we 1) describe the abundance of Anopheles and culicine immatures in different water body types in urban Malindi, Kenya, 2) compare Anopheles immature density in relation to culicine immature density, and 3) identify characteristics that influence the likelihood of water bodies being co-colonized by Anopheles and culicines. Entomological and environmental cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2001 and 2002 were used in the analysis. A total of 889 Anopheles and 7,217 culicine immatures were found in diverse water body types in 2001 and 2002. Car-track pools (n=45) and unused swimming pools (n=25) comprised 61% (70 of 115) of all …

163rd University Of Notre Dame Commencement And Mass Program, University Of Notre Dame

Commencement Programs

163rd Commencement and Mass Program

Saturday, May 17, 2008

Evaluating Long Term Political Consequences Of Economic Restructuring Programs, James Mcgee

Senior Honors Projects

Development assistance loans provided by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund are accompanied by structural adjustment programs that must be implemented as a condition of receiving the loan. These economic reforms often include currency devaluation, inflation control, increased taxation, market liberalization, decreased expenditure, and a decrease in the size of government. Populations within countries are drastically effected by these structural economic reforms as social welfare programs are often cut, government workers laid off, and the domestic economy struggles to compete in the global marketplace. The implementation of restructuring programs also constrains the policy options that are available to the …

Male Identity And Female Space In The Fiction Of Ugandan Women Writers, Abasi Kiyimba

Journal of International Women's Studies

This article focuses on the voices of protest by Uganda women writers against age-old discriminative habits, and on the rebuttal made by women on questions of social and political power. The article particularly assesses the way women writers approach generally assumed positions on the power relations between men and women, a theme that runs through all the writing by Ugandan women. As part of the discussion, the paper inevitably pays particular attention to the presentation of male characters, and on the prominence given to issues of male dominance, injustice and discrimination against women, which take place at several levels of …

Mustang Daily, April 14, 2008

Cal Poly Student Newspaper

Student newspaper of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA.

The Use Of Information Sources And Services And Its Effect On The Research Output Of Social Scientists In Nigerian Universities, S.O. Popoola

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This article investigates the effects of the use of information sources and services on the research output of social scientists in the Nigerian federal government-owned universities. Simple cluster sampling with equal allocation method was used for sample selection. A self-developed questionnaire with a reliability coefficient (α = 0.78) was used for data gathering on 315 social scientists, of which 281 responded. The study found no significant difference between male and female use of information sources in social science research. The mean number of journals read on a regular basis by the respondents is seven. They occasionally use electronic information services …

Quebrada Communities In The Palmarejo Valley, Northwest Honduras, William A. Klinger

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The spatial relationships that exist between ancient and modern settlement and natural resources have the potential to suggest ways in which humans organized themselves into communities. This study evaluates the applicability of the concept, "quebrada community," for understanding human-environmental relationships in northwest Honduras during the Late Classic period (AD 650-900). Existing archaeological, quantitative, and geological evidence for quebrada communities are linked with spatial data on two contemporary local communities, Palmarejo and Palos Blancos. A geographic information system (GIS) is constructed and implemented in order to achieve this goal. It is argued that there are specific relationships that exist between ancient …

Akhuwat Issue No. 70, Aga Khan University

AKHUWAT Newsletters

• Celebrating 25 years, Quality
• Face to Face with Dr. Rafat Jan
• Associate Professor the Ali-Saju Professorship of Nursing
• AKU-Afghanistan
• AKU-ISMC
• Happenings
• Human Resource Development (HRD) Initiatives
• Proud to Announce
• About Our Greatest Assets

Hiv/Aids Treatment And Care In A Long-Term Conflict Setting: Observations From The Aids Support Organization (Taso) In The Teso Region, Emma Smith

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Since its emergence in the early 1980s, HIV/AIDS has come to infect 33.2 million people world wide, over two thirds of whom (68%) reside in sub-Saharan Africai. While great strides have been taken in terms of global awareness, research, treatment and care accessibility, the epidemic remains severe and many of those infected, especially those in sub-Saharan African nations, face the continued challenges of stigma and discrimination, limited medical resources, insufficient care, insurmountable costs and great distances to treatment area. When the individual case of Uganda is examined, it is encouraging to note that HIV prevalence has declined significantly since the …

Basis For Treatment Of Tuberculosis Among Hiv-Infected Patients In Tanzania: The Role Of Chest X-Ray And Sputum Culture, Muhammad Bakari, Robert D. Arbeit, Lillian Mtei, Johnson Lyimo, Richard Waddell, Mecky Matee, Bernard F. Cole, Susan Tvaroha

Dartmouth Scholarship

Active tuberculosis (TB) is common among HIV-infected persons living in tuberculosis endemic countries, and screening for tuberculosis (TB) is recommended routinely. We sought to determine the role of chest x-ray and sputum culture in the decision to treat for presumptive TB using active case finding in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients. Ambulatory HIV-positive subjects with CD4 counts ≥ 200/mm3 entering a Phase III TB vaccine study in Tanzania were screened for TB with a physical examination, standard interview, CD4 count, chest x-ray (CXR), blood culture for TB, and three sputum samples for acid fast bacillus (AFB) smear and culture.

Confronting Evil: Victims' Rights In An Age Of Terror, Wayne A. Logan

Scholarly Publications

This Article examines a unique facet of the victims' rights movement: the use of victim impact evidence in the prosecution of individuals accused of mass killings. The Article provides the first detailed analysis of victim impact evidence employed in the capital trials of those responsible for the bombings in Oklahoma City (168 deaths) and the U.S. Embassy in Kenya (213 deaths), as well as the events of September 11 (almost 3000 deaths), and explores the many difficulties its use presents. These difficulties, the Article argues, warrant attention not only with respect to future U.S. mass killing trials in civilian courts, …

General Overview Of Traditional Healer Practices In Relation To Mental Health In Sudan,Sorcetti, E.A. Sorketti

Research Publications (2006 to 2010)

Traditional beliefs and religion play an important role in the socio-cultural and political life of the people in the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The family and community hold a central position in the life of the individual, and they make a tremendous contribution to the therapeutic process. Native faith healers are found in all parts of the Region, where they are held in high regard and are considered to be spiritual or moral guides. They are consulted for a range of ailments including physical illness, emotional problems, congenital defects or disappointments in love, family or business. The WHO …

Economics Of Soil Conservation Adoption In High-Rainfall Areas Of The Ethiopian Highlands, Menale Kassie, Stein Holden, Gunnar Köhlin, Randall Bluffstone

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study measures the impact of fanya juu bunds (an important soil and water conservation technology and the most popular type of contour bund in east Africa) on the value of crop production in a high-rainfall area in the Ethiopian highlands using cross-sectional multiple plot observations. We applied switching regression, stochastic dominance analysis (SDA), and decomposition and propensity score matching methods to ensure robustness. The switching regression, SDA, and decomposition analyses relied on matched observations, which was important because regression and SDA often do not ensure that comparable plots with conservation technology (conserved) and plots without (unconserved) actually exist in …

Sputum Microscopy For The Diagnosis Of Hiv-Associated Pulmonary Tuberculosis In Tanzania, Mecky Matee, Lillian Mtei, Tarja Lounasvaara, Wendy Wieland-Alter, Richard Waddell, Johnson Lyimo, Muhammed Bakari, Kisali Pallangyo, C Fordham Von Reyn

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background:

In many resource poor settings only sputum microscopy is employed for the diagnosis of HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis; sputum culture may not be available.

Methods:

We determined the diagnostic accuracy of sputum microscopy for active case finding of HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis using TB culture as the reference standard.

Results:

2216 potential subjects screened for a TB vaccine trial submitted 9454 expectorated sputum specimens: 212 (2.2%) were sputum culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), 31 (0.3%) for non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and 79 (0.8%) were contaminated. The overall sensitivity of sputum microscopy was 61.8% (131/212) and specificity 99.7% (9108/9132). Sputum microscopy sensitivity varied …

Teacher Empowerment Through Collaborative Action Research: Concepts, Possibilities And Challenges, Anjum Halai, Sherwin Rodrigues, Tauseef Akhlaq

Book Chapters / Conference Papers

This paper focuses on the process of collaborative action research (CAR) as an approach to teacher empowerment, and on issues and questions that emerged as a result of experience with CAR in Pakistan. This is part of a cross-national five year CAR project in selected schools in Pakistan, Rwanda and South Africa, Implementing curriculum change for reducing poverty and improving gender equity, which is studying the process of implementation of curriculum change in science and mathematics classrooms in disadvantaged settings, so that understandings of, and approaches to, poverty alleviation may be developed. A CAR approach has been adopted in this …

Spartan Daily, February 18, 2008, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications)

Volume 130, Issue 14

The Daily Egyptian, February 18, 2008, Daily Egyptian Staff

February 2008

No abstract provided.

The Bg News February 18, 2008, Bowling Green State University

BG News (Student Newspaper)

The BGSU campus student newspaper. February 18, 2008. Volume 98-Issue 106.

A New Species Of Giant Sengi Or Elephant-Shrew (Genus Rhynchocyon) Highlights The Exceptional Biodiversity Of The Udzungwa Mountains Of Tanzania, F Rovero, G B. Rathbun, A Perkin, T Jones, David O. Ribble, C Leonard, R R. Mwakisoma, N Doggart

Biology Faculty Research

A new species of sengi, or elephant-shrew, is described. It was discovered in the northern Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania in 2005. Sengis (Order Macroscelidea, super-cohort Afrotheria) include four genera and 15 species of mammals that are endemic to Africa. This discovery is a significant contribution to the systematics of this small order. Based on 49 camera trap images, 40 sightings and five voucher specimens, the new sengi is diurnal and distinguished from the other three species of Rhynchocyon by a grizzled grey face, pale yellow to cream chest and chin, orange-rufous sides, maroon back and jet-black lower rump and thighs. …

Cointegration And Causality Between Tourism And Poverty Reduction, Robertico R. Croes, Manuel Vanegas Sr.

Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

This study, using cointegration and causality tests, investigates the relationship among tourism development, economic expansion, and poverty reduction in Nicaragua. The results indicate a long-run stable relationship among the three. The causality tests suggest a one-way Granger causal relation between tourism development and economic expansion, and between tourism and poverty reduction, and a bidirectional causal relation between economic expansion and poverty. The nexus of tourism, economic expansion, and poverty reduction is established in the Nicaraguan economy. This result is supported by testing the sensitivity of the Granger causality test under different lag selections along the optimal lag. The empirical evidence …

Building A New Kenya: Professor Makau Mutua Works To Develop The Next Generation Of ‘Civil Society’, Ub Law Forum

UB Law Forum

No abstract provided.

Suny Distinguished Professor Makau W.Mutua Named Interim Dean Of The Law School, Ub Law Forum

UB Law Forum

No abstract provided.

Turning Water Into Power: Debates Over The Development Of Tanzania’S Rufiji River Basin, 1945–1985, Heather J. Hoag, May-Britt Öhman

History

This historical analysis examines the forces that shaped the collection and use of geographical data in Tanzania’s Rufiji Basin. Hoping to develop irrigated agriculture, colonial engineers surveyed the basin’s social and environmental landscapes and weighed the costs of damming. Following World War II, international experts interested in hydropower development conducted more geographical studies. While their studies offered limited information on stream flow, political and economic pressures led to their acceptance over those of colonial engineers. By illustrating how international institutions select what is accepted as knowledge and how such knowledge is used, the case highlights the politics of hydropower development …

Aid For Trade: A Roadmap For Success, Phoenix X.F. Cai

Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship

Aid for trade has tremendous potential. It is an area that merits all the attention it has recently receiving from the leadership of the WTO. Opportunities abound in the shaping of aid for trade to benefit many constituencies, including the WTO, developing nations, donors, and the aid and trade legal communities. The international trading system has much to gain from the effective use of aid for trade as a tool for fulfilling the promise of the Doha Development Agenda, alleviating global poverty, and giving developing nations a well-deserved placed at the table in the global trade regime. However, each group …

Sexual And Gender-Based Violence, Population Council

Momentum

IN THIS ISSUE: Reducing the risk of HIV from rape | Involving men as partners against violence | Protecting vulnerable girls | Connecting legal and medical care for rape victims | Sharing ways to reduce the violence

Ippp Research Bulletin, Volume 8, Number 1, 2008, Institute Of Research Management & Monitoring University Of Malaya

Archival Material (2000s)

Previously known as IPPP UM Research Bulletin and now, known as UMR Bulletin

Antifungal And Enzyme Activities Of Selected Polypores Of Malaysia / Heng Chee Peng., Chee Peng Heng

Student Works (2000-2009)

No abstract provided.

Moving Forward: Tackling Stigma In A Tanzanian Community, Laura Nyblade, Kerry Macquarrie, Gideon Kwesigabo, Aparna Jain, Lusajo Kajula, Fausta Philip, William Henerico Tibesigwa, Jessie K. Mbwambo

HIV and AIDS

The International Center for Research on Women, the Muhimbili University College of the Health Sciences, the Population Council, and Family Health International conducted an evaluation of a community-based effort to reduce stigma surrounding HIV infections in a peri-urban community in Tanzania. Results presented a mixed, but hopeful, picture for a way forward in tackling stigma at the community level. Tackling stigma requires that the individuals tasked with doing this undergo personal change. Programs can start by focusing stigma-reduction efforts on a smaller, more manageable geographical area and adding specific anti-stigma components to their portfolio of activities. Engaging community opinion leaders …

Population Briefs, Vol. 14, No. 1, Population Council

Population Briefs

IN THIS ISSUE: IUDs: A beneficial, underused contraceptive technology | Council researcher studies Egyptian economic paradox | Self-sampling for RTIs is valid, feasible, acceptable | Straight talk increases knowledge, improves behavior | Pakistani girls' teachers more likely to be absent

New Strategy For The Search Of Natural Biologically Active Substances., Vyacheslav Dushenkov, Ilya Raskin

Publications and Research

The modern pharmaceutics actively screens an immense diversity of substances occurring in plants and other natural resources in the search for new effective medicinal agents. The Global Institute for Bioexploration (GIBEX) established by joint efforts of Rutgers University and the University of Illinois (United States) represents the organizational core of international scientific community whose activity is directed towards the search and development of new medicinal preparations from natural raw materials. The basis of GIBEX activity is the transfer of modern screening technologies to countries and geographical regions characterized by remarkable biodiversity. The GIBEX goals are to encourage the search for …