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2008

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Life History Observations And Determination Of Potential Host Fish Species For Chipola Slabshell, Elliptio Chipolaensis, Lisa Preister Dec 2008

Life History Observations And Determination Of Potential Host Fish Species For Chipola Slabshell, Elliptio Chipolaensis, Lisa Preister

Theses and Dissertations

North America is home to nearly 300 species of freshwater mussels with approximately 80% being found in the southeastern United States. The Federally threatened species, Elliptio chipolaensis (Chipola slabshell), is considered an endemic species to the Chipola River Basin in the Florida panhandle. E. chipolaensis glochidia are released from the female in conglutinates The potential fish host species for Elliptio chipolaensis are the bluegill and redbreast sunfish. Sixty percent of the bluegill successfully transformed E. chipolaensis glochidia into juvenile mussels while 80% of the redbreast sunfish were successful.

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The Collegian (2008-12-01), Isis Lopez Dec 2008

The Collegian (2008-12-01), Isis Lopez

UTB/TSC Archives - The Collegian [Newspaper]

Vol. 61, No. 15

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Phylogeography Of The Bigeye Chub Hybopsis Amblops (Teleostei: Cypriniformes): Early Pleistocene Diversification And Post‐Glacial Range Expansion, Peter B. Berendzen, Tony Gamble, Andrew M. Simons Dec 2008

Phylogeography Of The Bigeye Chub Hybopsis Amblops (Teleostei: Cypriniformes): Early Pleistocene Diversification And Post‐Glacial Range Expansion, Peter B. Berendzen, Tony Gamble, Andrew M. Simons

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

The bigeye chub, Hybopsis amblops, is a member of the Central Highlands ichthyofauna of eastern North America. Phylogenetic analyses of the H. amblops species group based on a 1059 bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene did not recover a monophyletic group. The inclusion of Hybopsis hypsinotus in the species complex is questionable. Within H. amblops, five strongly supported clades were identified; two clades containing haplotypes from the Ozark Highlands and three clades containing haplotypes from the Eastern Highlands and previously glaciated regions of the Ohio and Wabash River drainages. Estimates of the timing of divergence …

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The Development And Analysis Of A Closed System Of Vitrification For Mammalian Embryos, Jennifer Graves-Herring Dec 2008

The Development And Analysis Of A Closed System Of Vitrification For Mammalian Embryos, Jennifer Graves-Herring

All Dissertations

Embryo cryopreservation is an integral part of assisted reproduction because it allows for future use of these embryos. Cryopreservation occurs when there are supernumerary embryos or when an embryo transfer cannot be performed.
There are two main methods to cryopreserve embryos. The most recent is vitrification, which uses high concentrations of cryoprotectants, a short time to cool and avoids ice crystals. The 'gold standard' is the slow-cool method, which uses low concentrations of cryoprotectants, a long time to cool embryos and produces extracellular ice crystals.
Prior to introducing vitrification as part of the human cryopreservation regime, it is important that …

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Wild Pig Habitat Use, Substrate Disturbance, And Understory Vegetation At Congaree National Park, Scott Zengel Dec 2008

Wild Pig Habitat Use, Substrate Disturbance, And Understory Vegetation At Congaree National Park, Scott Zengel

All Dissertations

Substrate disturbance by wild pigs ( Sus scrofa L.), mainly wild pig rooting, was evaluated bi&ndashmonthly over three years in fixed 1,000 m2 plots at Congaree National Park, South Carolina, USA. The study compared hog substrate disturbance among four habitats: three mature wetland floodplain forest types (mixed bottomland hardwoods, cypress&ndashtupelo swamp, seepage floodplain forest), and successional upland pine flatwoods adjacent to the floodplain (including former pine plantation). New disturbance included fresh signs of hog substrate disturbance. Total disturbance included both new and older hog disturbance still visible on the landscape (equivalent to all disturbance that would be recorded under less …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Biodegradable Polyurethanes For Biomedical Application, Changhong Zhang Dec 2008

Synthesis And Characterization Of Biodegradable Polyurethanes For Biomedical Application, Changhong Zhang

All Dissertations

This dissertation constitutes the studies about the biomedical materials research of novel polyurethanes. These elastic and degradable polyurethanes exhibited the potential for drug delivery, scaffold fabrication by novel ink-jet printing technology or other biomedical applications. This dissertation includes two parts about two different types of polyurethanes.
In the first part of this dissertation, we studied a polyurethane that was synthesized from methylene di-p-phenyl-diisocyanate (MDI), polycaprolactone diol (PCL-diol) and N, N-bis (2-hydorxyethyl)-2-aminoethane-sulfonic acid (BES). MDI, PCL-diol and BES were polymerized into polyurethane and served as the hard segment, soft segment and chain extender respectively. The effects of the chain extender BES …

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A Holistic Scada Security Standard For The Australian Context, Christopher Beggs Dec 2008

A Holistic Scada Security Standard For The Australian Context, Christopher Beggs

Australian Information Warfare and Security Conference

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems which control Australia’s critical infrastructure are currently demonstrating signs of vulnerabilities as they are being interconnected to corporate networks, essentially exposing them to malicious threats. This paper discusses the vulnerabilities associated with SCADA systems, as well as discussing various SCADA standards and initiatives that have been developed in recent years to mitigate such threats. The paper presents the requirement for a holistic SCADA security standard that is practical and feasible for each SCADA industry sector.

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Five Decades Of Agricultural Policies In Nigeria: What Roles Has Statistics Played?, Akinboyo O. I Dec 2008

Five Decades Of Agricultural Policies In Nigeria: What Roles Has Statistics Played?, Akinboyo O. I

Bullion

All over the country and internationally, the publications of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) such as the Annual Report and Statement of Accounts, the Statistical Bulletin, Economic and Financial Review, the Bullion and Nigeria: Major Economic and Banking Indicators and those of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) have become a veritable source of data and reference materials on Nigeria. Without basic i n f o r m a t i o n o n e c o n o m i c developments, it would be very difficult for policy makers to assess economic performances. The f o …

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Quadrupedal Walking Algorithm For The 12-Tet Walker, Kirk A. Ogaard Dec 2008

Quadrupedal Walking Algorithm For The 12-Tet Walker, Kirk A. Ogaard

Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Plant Community Diversity And Composition Provide Little Resistance To Juniperus Encroachment, Amy C. Ganguli, David M. Engle, Paul M. Mayer, Eric C. Hellgren Dec 2008

Plant Community Diversity And Composition Provide Little Resistance To Juniperus Encroachment, Amy C. Ganguli, David M. Engle, Paul M. Mayer, Eric C. Hellgren

Publications

Widespread encroachment of the fire-intolerant species Juniperus virginiana L. into North American grasslands and savannahs where fire has largely been removed has prompted the need to identify mechanisms driving J. virginiana encroachment. We tested whether encroachment success of J. virginiana is related to plant species diversity and composition across three plant communities. We predicted J. virginiana encroachment success would (i) decrease with increasing diversity, and (ii) J. virginiana encroachment success would be unrelated to species composition. We simulated encroachment by planting J. virginiana seedlings in tallgrass prairie, old-field grassland, and upland oak forest. We used J. virginiana survival and growth …

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The Role Of Causal Processes In The Neutral And Nearly Neutral Theories, Michael R. Dietrich, Roberta L. Millstein Dec 2008

The Role Of Causal Processes In The Neutral And Nearly Neutral Theories, Michael R. Dietrich, Roberta L. Millstein

Dartmouth Scholarship

The neutral and nearly neutral theories of molecular evolution are sometimes characterized as theories about drift alone, where drift is described solely as an outcome, rather than a process. We argue, however, that both selection and drift, as causal processes, are integral parts of both theories. However, the nearly neutral theory explicitly recognizes alleles and/or molecular substitutions that, while engaging in weakly selected causal processes, exhibit outcomes thought to be characteristic of random drift. A narrow focus on outcomes obscures the significant role of weakly selected causal processes in the nearly neutral theory.

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Latent Common Genetic Components Of Obesity Traits, B. O. Tayo, R. Harders, A. Luke, X. Zhu, R. S. Cooper Dec 2008

Latent Common Genetic Components Of Obesity Traits, B. O. Tayo, R. Harders, A. Luke, X. Zhu, R. S. Cooper

Faculty Publications

Background: Obesity is rapidly becoming a global epidemic. Unlike many complex human diseases, obesity is defined not just by a single trait or phenotype, but jointly by measures of anthropometry and metabolic status. Methods: We applied maximum likelihood factor analysis to identify common latent factors underlying observed covariance in multiple obesity-related measures. Both the genetic components and the mode of inheritance of the common factors were evaluated. A total of 1775 participants from 590 families for whom measures on obesity-related traits were available were included in this study. Results: The average age of participants was 37 years, 39% of the …

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Selection And Life History Traits Of Tebufenozide-Resistant Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), W. Akbar, J. A. Ottea, J. M. Beuzelin, T. E. Reagan, F. Huang Dec 2008

Selection And Life History Traits Of Tebufenozide-Resistant Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), W. Akbar, J. A. Ottea, J. M. Beuzelin, T. E. Reagan, F. Huang

Faculty Publications

Varying susceptibility to tebufenozide was recorded in the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), collected from Louisiana sugarcane locations with different selection pressures. Results from diet incorporation bioassays with tebufenozide indicated significant increases in LC50 (3.78-fold) and LC90 (7-fold) values for a colony from Duson (DU), an area with higher selection pressure, compared with a colony from Alexandria (ALFX), an area with no selection pressure. Differences were not detected in LC50 values among colonies from areas where use of tebufenozide was discontinued or rotated with other chemistries. Selections with tebufenozide of DU larvae over 12 generations resulted in a …

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Tfiiic Binding Sites Function As Both Heterochromatin Barriers And Chromatin Insulators In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Tiffany A. Simms, Sandra L. Dugas, Jason C. Gremillion, Megan E. Ibos, M. Nicole Dandurand, Tasha T. Toliver, Daniel J. Edwards, David Donze Dec 2008

Tfiiic Binding Sites Function As Both Heterochromatin Barriers And Chromatin Insulators In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Tiffany A. Simms, Sandra L. Dugas, Jason C. Gremillion, Megan E. Ibos, M. Nicole Dandurand, Tasha T. Toliver, Daniel J. Edwards, David Donze

Faculty Publications

Chromosomal sites of RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcription have been demonstrated to have "extratranscriptional" functions, as the assembled Pol III complex can act as chromatin boundaries or pause sites for replication forks, can alter nucleosome positioning or affect transcription of neighboring genes, and can play a role in sister chromatid cohesion. Several studies have demonstrated that assembled Pol III complexes block the propagation of heterochromatin-mediated gene repression. Here we show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNA genes (tDNAs) and even partially assembled Pol III complexes containing only the transcription factor TFIIIC can exhibit chromatin boundary functions both as heterochromatin barriers …

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Host-Pathogen Interactions, Insect Outbreaks, And Natural Selection For Disease Resistance, Bret D. Elderd, Jonathan Dushoff, Greg Dwyer Dec 2008

Host-Pathogen Interactions, Insect Outbreaks, And Natural Selection For Disease Resistance, Bret D. Elderd, Jonathan Dushoff, Greg Dwyer

Faculty Publications

The theory of insect population dynamics has shown that heterogeneity in natural-enemy attack rates is strongly stabilizing. We tested the usefulness of this theory for outbreaking insects, many of which are attacked by infectious pathogens. We measured heterogeneity among gypsy moth larvae in their risk of infection with a nucleopolyhedrovirus, which is effectively heterogeneity in the pathogen's attack rate. Our data show that heterogeneity in infection risk in this insect is so high that it leads to a stable equilibrium in the models, which is inconsistent with the outbreaks seen in North American gypsy moth populations. Our data further suggest …

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The Community Ecology Of A Riverine Turtle Assemblage In The Tennessee River Gorge, Christopher Bob Manis Dec 2008

The Community Ecology Of A Riverine Turtle Assemblage In The Tennessee River Gorge, Christopher Bob Manis

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

In attempting to characterize a community, it is necessary to measure ecological attributes to quantitatively describe the unique aspects of that community and to make comparisons. This thesis reports on a long-term investigation of the community ecology of a turtle assemblage in the Tennessee River Gorge relative to the following hypotheses: 1) ecologically generalized species will be the most numerically abundant forms present in the TRG, 2) adult sex ratios of turtle populations in the TRG will be biased in favor of males, and 3) mean adult body size measurements and size dimorphism index (SDI) values of turtle populations in …

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Assessment Of Exposure And Effects Associated With Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination In South Chattanooga, Tennessee, Jessica K. Leet Dec 2008

Assessment Of Exposure And Effects Associated With Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination In South Chattanooga, Tennessee, Jessica K. Leet

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The southern part of Chattanooga, TN has been subject to dumping of industrial waste for over 100 years. Chattanooga Creek flows north through this area to the Tennessee River. The dumping of coal tar and other industrial waste in this area h as lead to the contamination of Chattanooga Creek and soil of the surrounding floodplains. Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are found in these areas, specifically the 16 PAHs the EPA and ATSDR consider to be priority pollutants. The close proximity of residents to contaminated sites in southern Chattanooga initiated an assessment of the potential human health risks. The …

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Aluminum Bioavailability From Tea Infusion, Robert A. Yokel, Rebecca L. Florence Dec 2008

Aluminum Bioavailability From Tea Infusion, Robert A. Yokel, Rebecca L. Florence

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

The objective was to estimate oral Al bioavailability from tea infusion in the rat, using the tracer 26Al. 26Al citrate was injected into tea leaves. An infusion was prepared from the dried leaves and given intra-gastrically to rats which received concurrent intravenous 27Al infusion. Oral Al bioavailability (F) was calculated from the area under the 26Al, compared to 27Al, serum concentration × time curves. Bioavailability from tea averaged 0.37%; not significantly different from water (F = 0.3%), or basic sodium aluminum phosphate (SALP) in cheese (F = 0.1 to 0.3%), but greater than acidic SALP …

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Boys, Masculinities And Juvenile Justice, Nancy E. Dowd Dec 2008

Boys, Masculinities And Juvenile Justice, Nancy E. Dowd

UF Law Faculty Publications

Culture and tradition are part of the macrosystem of ideas and beliefs that have a dramatic effect on children and families. One aspect of culture is gender beliefs, values and roles. Feminist analysis has explored the incorporation of gender in a wide range of structures, challenging gender bias and advocating reform of a range of laws, structural systems, and social practices. Masculinities analysis, an outgrowth of feminist analysis that focuses on men as gendered subjects, provides a perspective to consider those areas in which men are disproportionately present either in positions of power and privilege, or in positions of disadvantage. …

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The Pluralistic Universe Of Law Towards A Neo-Classical Legal Pragmatism, Susan Haack Dec 2008

The Pluralistic Universe Of Law Towards A Neo-Classical Legal Pragmatism, Susan Haack

Articles

After a brief sketch of the history of philosophical pragmatism generally, and of legal pragmatism specifically (section 1), this paper develops a new, neo-classical legal pragmatism: a theory of law drawing in part on Holmes, but also on ideas from the classical pragmatist tradition in philosophy. Main themes are the "pluralistic universe" of law (section 2); the evolution of legal systems (section 3); the place of logic in the law (section 4); and the relation of law and morality (section 5).

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Antimicrobial And Phytochemical Investigation Of The Leaves Of Carica Papaya L., Cynodon Dactylon (L.) Pers., Euphorbia Hirta L., Melia Azedarach L. And Psidium Guajava L., K. Suresh Et Al. Dec 2008

Antimicrobial And Phytochemical Investigation Of The Leaves Of Carica Papaya L., Cynodon Dactylon (L.) Pers., Euphorbia Hirta L., Melia Azedarach L. And Psidium Guajava L., K. Suresh Et Al.

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

Carica papaya L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers, Euphorbia hirta L., Melia azedarach L., Psidium guajava L. belong to 5 different families, viz., Caricaceae, Gramineae (Poaceae), Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae and Myrtaceae. The plant leaves contain a number of medicinally important compounds. In the present study, we evaluated the phytochemical analysis for the quantity of amino acids, α amylase, β- amylase, carbohydrate, glutamine, protein, proline, phenolic compounds and the presence of various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, anthroquinone, catachol, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steriods, triterpenoids, tannins. The antibacterial activity of the leaf extracts of Carica papaya, Cynodon dactylon, Euphorbia hirta, Melia azedarach and …

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Investigations On Antibacterial Activity Of Leaf Extracts Of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss (Meliaceae): A Traditional Medicinal Plant Of India, C. Rajasekaran Et Al. Dec 2008

Investigations On Antibacterial Activity Of Leaf Extracts Of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss (Meliaceae): A Traditional Medicinal Plant Of India, C. Rajasekaran Et Al.

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

The present study was carried out to screen and evaluate antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Petroleum ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extract of leaves of A. indica were tested against selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial species. Phytochemical leaf extracts of A. indica exhibited significant anti-bacterial activity against all the test microorganisms. However, inhibitory activities of the leaf extracts were both organism and solvent dependent. The leaf extracts limited the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species tested. Among the different extracted used in the study, ethanolic and dichloromethane leaf extracts of …

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Ethnomedicinal Study Of Vegetables Mentioned In The Holy Qura’N And Ahadith, Sarfaraz Khan Marwat, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Fazal Ur Rehman Dec 2008

Ethnomedicinal Study Of Vegetables Mentioned In The Holy Qura’N And Ahadith, Sarfaraz Khan Marwat, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Fazal Ur Rehman

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

The present research work is based on nine herbaceous plant species: Agaricus campestris L., Allium cepa L., Allium sativum L., Beta vulgaris L., Citrulus lennatus, Cucumis sativus L., Lagenaria siceraria, Trigonella foenum- graceum L. and Zingiber officinale Rroscoe. mentioned in Holy Quran and Ahadith. These plants were collected from Dera Ismail Khan District, NWFP, Pakistan, during 2007. This is a part of check list of medicinal flora and their uses enlisted in Holy Quran, Ahadith and Islamic literature. The main aim of this study is to document the knowledge of ethnobotanical importance of vegetables in the light of Islam. In …

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Antibacterial Activity Of Punica Granatum L. Against Gastro Intestinal Tract Infection Causing Organisms, B. V. Pradeep, M. K. Manojbabu, M. Palaniswamy Dec 2008

Antibacterial Activity Of Punica Granatum L. Against Gastro Intestinal Tract Infection Causing Organisms, B. V. Pradeep, M. K. Manojbabu, M. Palaniswamy

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

The pericarp of Punica granatum Linn. has been commonly employed as a crude drug in Indian traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea as well as for use as an astringent, antihelminthic, asphrodisacs, laxative, diuretic, stomachic, cardiotonic and refrigerant. Antibacterial activity of P. granatum pericarp extracts was evaluated against ten Gastro Intestinal Tract (GIT) infection causing bacterial strains using paper disc agar diffusion method. The result indicated that the extracts obtained from P. granatum pericarp exhibited antimicrobial activity against all organisms except the crude extract used against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The methanol extract has exhibited maximum antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium, …

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Biopesticidal Effect Of Leaf Extracts Of Catharanthus Roseus L (G) Don. On The Larvae Of Gram Pod Borer - Helicoverpa Armigera (Hübner), S. Ramya Et Al. Dec 2008

Biopesticidal Effect Of Leaf Extracts Of Catharanthus Roseus L (G) Don. On The Larvae Of Gram Pod Borer - Helicoverpa Armigera (Hübner), S. Ramya Et Al.

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

Biopesticides have gained prominence as potential plant protecting agents. Biological activity of solvent extracts of Catharanthus roseus L (G) Don. were evaluated against larvae of gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Antifeedant and larvicidal activity of methanol crude, petroleum ether, methanol fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of leaf extracts of C. roseus were estimated in the present study. Preliminary screening of the extracts was tested at a concentration of 1,000 ppm. The larval mortality was observed after 24h of exposure to the extracts. All extracts exhibited moderate larvicidal effects. However, highest larval mortality was observed in ethyl acetate fraction …

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In Vitro Evaluation Of Antibacterial Activity Of Phytochemical Extracts From Leaves Of Aegle Marmelos (L.) Corr. (Rutaceae), C. Rajasekaran Et Al. Dec 2008

In Vitro Evaluation Of Antibacterial Activity Of Phytochemical Extracts From Leaves Of Aegle Marmelos (L.) Corr. (Rutaceae), C. Rajasekaran Et Al.

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

The present study was carried out to screen and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts from Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Petroleum ether, Dichloromethane, Chloroform, Ethanol and Aqueous extract of the leaves were tested against selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Results depict that phytochemical extracts of A. marmelos exhibited significant anti-bacterial activity. However, the inhibitory activity was found to be both organism and solvent dependent. Ethanol and chloroform leaf extracts of Aegel marmelos were found to be more active towards the bacterial species tested. The leaf extracts inhibited the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. Further, …

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Antimicrobial Activity Of Aqueous Extracts Of Bark, Root, Leaves And Fruits Of Terminalia Arjuna Wight & Arn., S. Ramya Et Al. Dec 2008

Antimicrobial Activity Of Aqueous Extracts Of Bark, Root, Leaves And Fruits Of Terminalia Arjuna Wight & Arn., S. Ramya Et Al.

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of bark, stem, root, leaf and fruit extracts from Terminalia arjuna on selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains. Aqueous extracts were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity. Phytochemical extracts from different parts of the plant exhibited significant anti-bacterial activity against tested microbial strains; however, inhibitory activities of the extracts were plant part and test organism dependent. Phytochemical extracts limited the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species tested however, Micrococcus luteus was less sensitive to the aqueous extracts. The results show that antimicrobial activity of phytochemical …

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Immunomodulatory Effect Of Coconut Protein On Cyclophosphamide Induced Immune Suppressed Swiss Albino Mice, A. Geo Vigila, X. Baskaran Dec 2008

Immunomodulatory Effect Of Coconut Protein On Cyclophosphamide Induced Immune Suppressed Swiss Albino Mice, A. Geo Vigila, X. Baskaran

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

The immunomodulatory properties of coconut protein were investigated in Swiss albino mice by immune suppressed with cyclophosphamide (CP). CP is a commonly used anti-cancer drug which causes toxicity by its reactive metabolites such as acrolein and phosphoramide mustard. In this study, the animals were grouped into four of 6 mice per group. Assessment of immunomodulatory activity was carried out by testing the RBC, WBC, Platelet and differential counts. Orally administered coconut protein in CP treated animals showed the increased levels of RBC, WBC and Platelet counts. The results of treated groups were RBC (1.84 mm3), WBC (5720.84 mm …

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December 2008 (Vol.32, No.12) Dec 2008

December 2008 (Vol.32, No.12)

Research Matters

No abstract provided.

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The Endangered Representation Of Sexual Violence In Sarah Kane's Blasted, Dina Zhurba Dec 2008

The Endangered Representation Of Sexual Violence In Sarah Kane's Blasted, Dina Zhurba

Master's Theses

In Blasted, Kane represents how incidents of rape highlight, exacerbate and solidify the unevenness of power distribution between men and women in the modern world and provides a new perspective at what we might call “rape in general” – a transhistorical phenomenon of rape as a practice of violence towards the female victim. Through a detailed analysis of the unique representational circumstances of the multiple scenes of rape, such as Cate’s meaningful absence in Ian’s scene of rape, the author of the essay comes to a conclusion that rape is and remains an engendered practice. However, along with reaffirming …

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