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2008

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Articles 3901 - 3930 of 4024

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Dissonance-Based Interventions For The Prevention Of Eating Disorders: Using Persuasion Principles To Promote Health, Eric Stice, H. Shaw, Carolyn Becker, P. Rohde Jan 2008

Dissonance-Based Interventions For The Prevention Of Eating Disorders: Using Persuasion Principles To Promote Health, Eric Stice, H. Shaw, Carolyn Becker, P. Rohde

Psychology Faculty Research

The limited efficacy of prior eating disorder (ED) prevention programs led to the development of dissonance-based interventions (DBI) that utilize dissonance-based persuasion principles from social psychology. Although DBIs have been used to change other attitudes and behaviors, only recently have they been applied to ED prevention. This article reviews the theoretical rationale and empirical support for this type of prevention program. Relative to assessment-only controls, DBIs have produced greater reductions in ED risk factors, ED symptoms, future risk for onset of threshold or subthreshold EDs, future risk for obesity onset, and mental health utilization, with some effects persisting through 3-year …

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Management Of Acute Moderate And Severe Childhood Malnutrition, Mark J. Manary, Heidi L. Sandige Jan 2008

Management Of Acute Moderate And Severe Childhood Malnutrition, Mark J. Manary, Heidi L. Sandige

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

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New Challenges In Studying Nutrition-Disease Interactions In The Developing World, Andrew M. Prentice, M. Eric Gershwin, Ulrich E. Schaible, Gerald T. Keusch, Cesar G. Victora, Jeffrey I. Gordon Jan 2008

New Challenges In Studying Nutrition-Disease Interactions In The Developing World, Andrew M. Prentice, M. Eric Gershwin, Ulrich E. Schaible, Gerald T. Keusch, Cesar G. Victora, Jeffrey I. Gordon

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

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Post Genome-Wide Association Studies Of Novel Genes Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Show Gene-Gene Interaction And High Predictive Value, Marshall Alan Permutt, Jon Wasson, Et Al. Jan 2008

Post Genome-Wide Association Studies Of Novel Genes Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Show Gene-Gene Interaction And High Predictive Value, Marshall Alan Permutt, Jon Wasson, Et Al.

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

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Antimicrobial Peptides For Use In Oyster Aquaculture: Effect On Pathogens, Commensals, And Eukaryotic Expression Systems, Tarquin Dorrington, Marta Gomez-Chiarri Jan 2008

Antimicrobial Peptides For Use In Oyster Aquaculture: Effect On Pathogens, Commensals, And Eukaryotic Expression Systems, Tarquin Dorrington, Marta Gomez-Chiarri

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Faculty Publications

Two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of marine origin, tachyplesin from the Japanese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, and pleurocidin-amide from the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, were tested for their potential effectiveness in disease treatment in oyster aquaculture. Tachyplesin had a greater antimicrobial effect than pleurocidin-amideagainst a range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with minimum inhibitor concentrations in the range of 0.625 to 5ug mL–1. Tachyplesin (50 mg mL–1) was also more effective than pleurocidin-amide (250 mg mL–1) against the oyster protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus, reducing its viability to 9% versus 22% in vitro …

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Lipid Productivity Of Algae Grown On Dairy Wastewater As A Possible Feedstock For Biodiesel, Ian C. Woertz Jan 2008

Lipid Productivity Of Algae Grown On Dairy Wastewater As A Possible Feedstock For Biodiesel, Ian C. Woertz

Master's Theses

The objective of this thesis is to develop a biological wastewater treatment system that utilizes algal growth to simultaneously create renewable energy in the form of biodiesel and digester biogas, remove polluting nutrients, and abate greenhouse gases. Research under the Department of Energy Aquatic Species Program during 1978-1996 concluded that cultivating algae for biofuels was cost prohibitive at that time and that an integrated approach should be studied that combined wastewater treatment with algal biofuel production. Nutrient removal, in particular nitrogen and phosphorus, from wastewater is a growing regulatory need and the use of algae cultivation could create a unique …

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Ethylene Synthesis And Sensitivity In Crop Plants, Joseph F. Romagnano Jan 2008

Ethylene Synthesis And Sensitivity In Crop Plants, Joseph F. Romagnano

Publications

The gaseous plant hormone ethylene is a small molecule that regulates developmental change. Research was conducted in three areas: sensitivity, synthesis, and alterations to synthesis. Vegetative pea plants were more sensitive than radish plants to atmospheric ethylene. Light intensity did not affect ethylene sensitivity. Ethylene synthesis rates were measured for unstressed cotton, corn, soybean, and tomato plants. The per-plant ethylene synthesis rate ranged from 0.1-80 pmol plant-1 s-1. However, when normalized to net photosynthetic rate, this range was 1-4 µmol of ethylene synthesis per mol of CO2 uptake. Diurnal cycles in ethylene synthesis were present in all crops studied. These …

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Forced Child Labor And Cocoa Production In West Africa, Marjie Sackett Jan 2008

Forced Child Labor And Cocoa Production In West Africa, Marjie Sackett

Human Rights & Human Welfare

The cocoa industry has profited from the utilization of forced labor in West Africa since the late 1800s. Despite the Portuguese decree in 1876 abolishing slavery, and the release of cocoa plantation slaves, slave labor was quickly reemployed, aided by the exploitation of legal loopholes and government officials willing to turn a blind eye. In 1905, after hearing reports of unfavorable labor conditions, William Cadbury dispatched a member of the Anti-Slavery Society to investigate the cocoa plantations. Upon receiving confirmation of human rights violations, Cadbury boycotted Portuguese cocoa and persuaded two other chocolate firms to do the same. Cadbury’s actions …

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Public School Governance And Democracy: Does Public Participation Matter, Natalie Gomez-Velez Jan 2008

Public School Governance And Democracy: Does Public Participation Matter, Natalie Gomez-Velez

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

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Synthesis And Evaluation Of Vegetable (Soybean) Oil Based Epoxy Resin For Beverage Can Coating And Enzymatic Synthesis And Characterization Of Tailored N&C End Protected Oligopeptides, Ying Gao Jan 2008

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Vegetable (Soybean) Oil Based Epoxy Resin For Beverage Can Coating And Enzymatic Synthesis And Characterization Of Tailored N&C End Protected Oligopeptides, Ying Gao

Doctoral Dissertations

"Research described in this dissertation covers two topics. Part-I is related to the development of a soybean oil based epoxy resin and its application in beverage can coatings. Interior surfaces of beverage can are invariably coated with polymer coating. The most commonly used coatings at present are derived from bisphenol A (BPA) based epoxy reins. However, due to perceived endocrine disrupting nature of BPA and consequential adverse effects on humans and wildlife concerns for the use of BPA based coatings and its leaching into beverages have been expressed. The research in the first part describes the synthesis and evaluation of …

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The Reproductive Cycle Of Lytechinus Variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) From The Florida Panhandle, Adele Cunningham Jan 2008

The Reproductive Cycle Of Lytechinus Variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) From The Florida Panhandle, Adele Cunningham

All ETDs from UAB

The range of the regular echinoid Lytechinus variegatus extends from the Carolinas along the US Atlantic coast to Brazil. To our knowledge, the present study is the northernmost study to examine histology of the reproductive cycle of Lytechinus variegatus. From April 2001 to September 2003, at intervals of about 4-6 weeks, L. variegatus with an average diameter of 45 mm were collected at Eagle Harbor in St. Joseph’s Bay, Florida.. A staging system for gamete development and maturation based on histology of the gonad was devised for female and male L. variegatus. Histology indicated a period of nutrient storage and …

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Microbial Biofilm Attachment To Caenorhabditis Elegans, Kevin Drace Jan 2008

Microbial Biofilm Attachment To Caenorhabditis Elegans, Kevin Drace

All ETDs from UAB

The closely related bacterial species Xenorhabdus nematophila, Yersinia pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis make biofilms capable of adhering to the head of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Y. pestis uses biofilms to block the digestive tract of its vector, the flea, in order to enhance its efficiency of transmission. I investigated the role of biofilms in X. nematophila and found that, like its Yersinia sp. counterparts, production of biofilm requires a four-gene operon: hmsHFRS. X. nematophila is an insect pathogen and an obligate symbiont of the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. However, an X. nematophila hmsH mutant that failed to make biofilms on …

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Phenomenological Study: What Are Pre-Kindergarten Teachers' Lived Experiences With Children Identified With Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiance Disorder, And Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder In The Southeastern United States?, Danna Benefield Jones Jan 2008

Phenomenological Study: What Are Pre-Kindergarten Teachers' Lived Experiences With Children Identified With Conduct Disorder, Oppositional Defiance Disorder, And Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder In The Southeastern United States?, Danna Benefield Jones

All ETDs from UAB

To date, a vast amount of research has been conducted on disruptive behavior dis-orders such as conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiance disorder (ODD), and atten-tion deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD. However, a paucity of research exists in spe-cific areas such as how teachers’ handle students diagnosed with these disorders. The cur-rent situation in pre-kindergarten may undermine the ability of these students to succeed in the school system. This is seen in the fact that a large number of these students are removed from pre-kindergarten programs across the United States (Webster-Stratton, Reid, & Hammond, 2004). Understanding pre-kindergarten teachers’ lived experiences in handling …

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Relationships Among Anger, Patterns Of Anger Expression And Blood Pressure, Glucose, And Cortisol In Overweight School-Aged Children, Kimberly Nichols Jan 2008

Relationships Among Anger, Patterns Of Anger Expression And Blood Pressure, Glucose, And Cortisol In Overweight School-Aged Children, Kimberly Nichols

All ETDs from UAB

Overweight and obesity in school-aged children have become a major health issue. With overweight and obesity, children have increased risk of developing elevated blood pressure readings, glucose levels, and cortisol. Trait anger and patterns of anger expression have been shown to contribute to the elevations of blood pressure, glucose and cortisol in normoweight children and overweight adolescents. However, little research has been done with overweight school-aged children. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among trait anger and each of the patterns of anger expression (anger-suppression, anger-out, and anger-reflection/control) and blood pressure, glucose, and cortisol in overweight …

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An Exploration Of Factors Related To Hypertension Control In African American And Caucasian Municipal Employees, Sunun Sinsuesatkul Jan 2008

An Exploration Of Factors Related To Hypertension Control In African American And Caucasian Municipal Employees, Sunun Sinsuesatkul

All ETDs from UAB

Hypertension is a major contributor to morbidity, mortality, and medical costs in the United States. African Americans (AAs) have the highest prevalence of hypertension in the world, exhibiting at least twice the rate for Caucasians in almost every age and sex group. AAs are also at higher risk for complications from hypertension than Caucasians. While several factors have been proposed as accounting for those differences, there is no consensus on which factors may be responsible; the reasons for disparities in hypertension control in AAs are complex, and need further investigation. This study explored relationships between multiple factors to identify how …

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Staff Nurses' Level Of Diabetes And Diabetes Management Knowledge After A Diabetes Lecture-Based And Computer-Based Educational Intervention, Mary Annette Hess Wright Jan 2008

Staff Nurses' Level Of Diabetes And Diabetes Management Knowledge After A Diabetes Lecture-Based And Computer-Based Educational Intervention, Mary Annette Hess Wright

All ETDs from UAB

Nurses’ knowledge of diabetes and diabetes management and the identification of differences in knowledge gains after completion of a lecture-based or a computer-based diabetes educational intervention in 175 participants from a variety of health care settings, shifts, and specialties in a large acute-care facility in the Southeastern United States was studied. This was a randomized experimental design with a pretest (Time 1), an immediate post test (Time 2), and a 3-week-post test (Time 3) utilizing the conceptual framework of M. S. Knowles’ adult-learning theory. Nurses’ knowledge was assessed by a 45-item Diabetes Basic Knowledge Test (DBKT) with a 21-item demographic/diabetes …

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The Effect Of Malaria And Intestinal Helminth Coinfection On Birth Outcomes In Ghana, Nelly J. Yatich Jan 2008

The Effect Of Malaria And Intestinal Helminth Coinfection On Birth Outcomes In Ghana, Nelly J. Yatich

All ETDs from UAB

Several studies have reported the relationship between malaria during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes including maternal anemia, low birthweight, as well as preterm delivery and small for gestational age infants. Some studies have also demonstrated the linkage between helminth infection and maternal anemia. Few studies have assessed the occurrence of coinfection of these infections in pregnancy and its effects on maternal anemia and birth outcomes. The objective of this dissertation was to assess the effect of malaria and intestinal helminth coinfection on birth outcomes in Ghana. A cross-sectional study of 785 women presenting for delivery in two hospitals in Kumasi, …

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After Controlling For Other Risk Factors, To What Extent Does The Level Of Parity Account For The Differences In The Probability Of Developing Diabetes Mellitus?, Johnita Dobbs Jan 2008

After Controlling For Other Risk Factors, To What Extent Does The Level Of Parity Account For The Differences In The Probability Of Developing Diabetes Mellitus?, Johnita Dobbs

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

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Structural And Functional Studies Of Human Bile Acid Coa:Amino Acid N-Acyltransferase (Hbat), Erin Mary Shonsey Jan 2008

Structural And Functional Studies Of Human Bile Acid Coa:Amino Acid N-Acyltransferase (Hbat), Erin Mary Shonsey

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Catastrophizing And Acceptance On Functional Interference In Persons With Chronic Pain: Laboratory Findings, Subjective Reports, And The Moderating Role Of Acceptance, Elizabeth J. Richardson Jan 2008

The Effects Of Catastrophizing And Acceptance On Functional Interference In Persons With Chronic Pain: Laboratory Findings, Subjective Reports, And The Moderating Role Of Acceptance, Elizabeth J. Richardson

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

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The Relationship Of Adolescent Cognitive Ability To Adult Physical Health: Socioeconomic Status And Health Behavior As Mediating Variables, Timothy M. Hale Jan 2008

The Relationship Of Adolescent Cognitive Ability To Adult Physical Health: Socioeconomic Status And Health Behavior As Mediating Variables, Timothy M. Hale

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

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Diet -Induced Changes In Intra -Abdominal Adipose Tissue And Cardiovascular Disease Risk In African American And European American Women, Konstantina Katsoulis Jan 2008

Diet -Induced Changes In Intra -Abdominal Adipose Tissue And Cardiovascular Disease Risk In African American And European American Women, Konstantina Katsoulis

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.

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Thrombospondin Type-1 Repeats And Their Potential Role In Inhibiting Glioblastoma Angiogenesis, Joshua C. Anderson Jan 2008

Thrombospondin Type-1 Repeats And Their Potential Role In Inhibiting Glioblastoma Angiogenesis, Joshua C. Anderson

All ETDs from UAB

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a 420 kilodalton homotrimeric protein; it is one of the first identified anti-angiogenic proteins found to be expressed in some normal tissues. Peptides derived from the type-1 repeat (TSR) domains of full length TSP-1 have been shown to have anti-angiogenic activity, and thus anti-tumor activity in some non-glioma tumor models. I hypothesized that peptides derived from the TSRs of TSP-1, such as ABT-510, could inhibit angiogenesis and thus malignant glioma tumor growth in vivo. I found that ABT-510 inhibited angiogenesis of the human brain microvascular endothelial cell (MvEC) in an in vitro tubulomorphogenesis assay. To determine the …

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Occupational Stressors, Job Satisfaction, And Back Pain In Firefighters, Mantana Damrongsak Jan 2008

Occupational Stressors, Job Satisfaction, And Back Pain In Firefighters, Mantana Damrongsak

All ETDs from UAB

Occupational back pain is a significant health and safety problem in many industrialized countries for persons who are required to perform work-related forceful movement and lifting. Firefighters, an occupational group at high risk for back injury, perform many job tasks under hazardous work conditions. One-third of firefighters retire due to job-related health and safety problems and 49.4% of this group retire as a result of back pain, the leading cause of early retirements in firefighters. Most studies have examined factors influencing back problems among other workers, especially nurses and hospital workers, but few studies have investigated factors that influence back …

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Metabolism Of Neutrophil-Deprived Chlorinated Isoflavones, Tracy Lyn D'Alessandro Jan 2008

Metabolism Of Neutrophil-Deprived Chlorinated Isoflavones, Tracy Lyn D'Alessandro

All ETDs from UAB

Despite medical advances in both drug therapy and surgical techniques, Americans mostly die from heart disease. Many belong to the low- and middle-class families who do not have sufficient access to medical care due to its high costs. An alternative is the development of healthier lifestyles such as diet which may play a positive role in chronic disease management. Epidemiological and migratory studies suggest that soy plays a pivotal role in the decreased incidence of heart disease in East Asian countries, such as China, Japan, and Korea. The role of soy in cardiovascular disease progression has been the subject of …

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Impact Of An Electronic Medical Record On Adherence To Current Diabetes Guidelines In A Family Medicine Center, Thomas Macandrew English Jan 2008

Impact Of An Electronic Medical Record On Adherence To Current Diabetes Guidelines In A Family Medicine Center, Thomas Macandrew English

All ETDs from UAB

OBJECTIVE: Extensive research shows that diabetic care often falls below recommended guidelines. Many believe that Electronic Medical Records (EMR) have the ability to improve quality of care. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the changes in diabetic care and outcomes pre and post EMR implementation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study took place at the UAB Huntsville Family Medicine Center. A retrospective chart review was conducted in order to determine the impact of an EMR on diabetes care. This is a natural experiment that uses a pre post model in order to determine impact. Generalized Estimating Equations …

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Roles Of Extracellular Atp And Zinc In Pancreatic Ss-Cell Physiology, Clintoria Richards-Williams Jan 2008

Roles Of Extracellular Atp And Zinc In Pancreatic Ss-Cell Physiology, Clintoria Richards-Williams

All ETDs from UAB

Insulin secretory defects within pancreatic beta-cells (β-cells) of islets of Langerhans play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, it is also well established that ATP and zinc are co-secreted with insulin in response to elevated extracellular glucose. Despite this knowledge, the physiological roles of extracellular secreted ATP and zinc within islets are ill-defined. We hypothesized that secreted ATP and zinc are autocrine purinergic signaling molecules that activate P2X purinergic receptor (P2XR) channels expressed by β-cells to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). To test this postulate, ELISA, luciferin/luciferase-based bioluminescence and zinquin-based fluorescence assays were utilized to examine insulin, …

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The Role Of Tgf-Ss And Wnt5a In Mammary Gland Development And Tumurorigenesis, Kevin Patrick Roarty Jan 2008

The Role Of Tgf-Ss And Wnt5a In Mammary Gland Development And Tumurorigenesis, Kevin Patrick Roarty

All ETDs from UAB

cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide behind lung cancer, affecting women of all ages, races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic strata. Concerted efforts have been made to understand this heterogeneous disease from the clinical stage down to the molecular level. Importantly, it has become clear that an understanding of the normal biology of the breast at all stages of development is needed to gain insight into how alterations in normal regulatory networks contribute to the initiation and development of breast cancer. TGF-ß plays a role in growth and patterning of the mammary gland and alterations in its signaling exhibit biphasic …

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Oral Mucositis In Children Receiving Bone Marrow Transplantation, Francisco Jose Rodriguez Jan 2008

Oral Mucositis In Children Receiving Bone Marrow Transplantation, Francisco Jose Rodriguez

All ETDs from UAB

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify the factors that influence the incidence, severity, onset, and resolution of oral mucositis in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Methods: One hundred and fifty medical records were reviewed of patients that received BMT. Daily values of white blood cell (WBC) counts were obtained to associate it’s correlation with the incidence, severity, onset, and resolution of oral mucositis. Age group and gender of the patients, type of bone marrow transplant, the use of methotrexate, the use of total body irradiation, and the previous treatment with chemotherapy were obtained to analyze …

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Participation In Sports, Arts And Racing And Its Relationship To Message Literacy And Health Behaviours, Christina Mills, Michael Rosenberg, Sarah French, Jenna Mitchell, Lisa Wood Jan 2008

Participation In Sports, Arts And Racing And Its Relationship To Message Literacy And Health Behaviours, Christina Mills, Michael Rosenberg, Sarah French, Jenna Mitchell, Lisa Wood

Research outputs pre 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess health message awareness and health behaviours by participation/non participation in sport, arts and racing (SAR) in Western Australia. In this study a 'participant' was defined as someone who was (1) a member of a SAR organisation, group or club; and/or (2) having attended a SAR event as a spectator or audience member in the last 12 months. A 'non participant' was someone who did not participate in any SAR events as a member and/or spectator and/or audience member in the last 12 months.

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