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2008

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Articles 19591 - 19601 of 19601

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Confusion And Unpredictability In Shareholder Derivative Litigation: The Delaware Courts' Response To Recent Corporate Scandals, Ann M. Scarlett Jan 2008

Confusion And Unpredictability In Shareholder Derivative Litigation: The Delaware Courts' Response To Recent Corporate Scandals, Ann M. Scarlett

All Faculty Scholarship

The Delaware courts responded to the recent wave of corporate scandals, exemplified by Enron and WorldCom, by changing their approach to shareholder derivative litigation. This Article analyzes the Delaware courts' response to these scandals and concludes that the courts have created doctrinal confusion and introduced unpredictability into derivative litigation. This Article also analyzes the future negative consequences for shareholders, corporations, directors, investors, and other litigants. Finally, this Article proposes improvements for derivative litigation that may alleviate the confusion and unpredictability created by the Delaware courts' response to the recent scandals.

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Evaluation Of An Oral Vaccination Program To Control Raccoon Rabies In A Suburbanized Landscape, Jason R. Boulanger, Laura L. Bigler, Paul D. Curtis, Donald H. Lein, Arthur J. Lembo Jr. Jan 2008

Evaluation Of An Oral Vaccination Program To Control Raccoon Rabies In A Suburbanized Landscape, Jason R. Boulanger, Laura L. Bigler, Paul D. Curtis, Donald H. Lein, Arthur J. Lembo Jr.

Human–Wildlife Interactions

We evaluated the efficacy of an oral rabies vaccination (ORV) program conducted in Erie County, New York, from July through September, 2002–2005. Ingress of the raccoon (Procyon lotor) rabies variant first occurred along the southern border of Erie County, New York, during 1992 and began to spread northward at a velocity of 31 km/year. Fixed-wing aircraft dropped ORV baits in rural landscapes; helicopters, hand baiting, and bait stations distributed baits in suburban landscapes (&#;x bait densities ranged 59–118 baits/km2). Our study objectives were to quantify rabies case densities, evaluate efficacy of intervention efforts, and determine biological, …

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Resolving Conflicts Between Humans And The Threatened Louisiana Black Bear, Walter Cotton Jan 2008

Resolving Conflicts Between Humans And The Threatened Louisiana Black Bear, Walter Cotton

Human–Wildlife Interactions

The Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) is one of 16 subspecies of American black bear. At the time of English settlement, this subspecies was abundant throughout Louisiana, the southern two-thirds of Mississippi, eastern Texas, and extreme southern Arkansas. By the 1950s, Louisiana black bears had been extirpated from most of their original range due to habitat destruction and fragmentation and over-harvest by hunters (Leigh and Chamberlain 2008). It is believed that only about 100 black bears remained; existing in isolated, extremely rural areas of eastern Louisiana. Bears became so scarce during the 1960s that the Louisiana Department …

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Impacts Of The Cancellation Of The Spring Bear Hunt In Ontario, Canada, Raynald Harvey Lemelin Jan 2008

Impacts Of The Cancellation Of The Spring Bear Hunt In Ontario, Canada, Raynald Harvey Lemelin

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Approximately 10 million people and 100,000 black bears (Ursus americanus) live in Ontario, Canada. The highest concentration of black bears (0.4–0.6 bears/100 km2) is in northern Ontario (Bear Wise 2004). While this area is sparsely populated by humans, it is the site where human–bear conflicts are common for several reasons. These include people spending time in formerly inaccessible areas via forestry roads and off-road vehicle trails, changing recreational patterns, and a growing black bear population (Conover 2008, Madison 2008). Among residents of northern Ontario (hereafter referred to as northerners), no other wildlife management issue has dominated …

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Yosemite National Park: The Continuous Evolution Of Human–Black Bear Conflict Management, Joseph S. Madison Jan 2008

Yosemite National Park: The Continuous Evolution Of Human–Black Bear Conflict Management, Joseph S. Madison

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Human–bear conflicts are all too common throughout much of the United States (Ziegltrum 2008) and the world (Lemelin 2008, Worthy and Foggin 2008). Typically, they are a result of the availability of human food and garbage to bears (Beckmann and Lackey 2008, Thiemann et al. 2008). As people continue to build homes farther into the wildland–urban interface, the level of conflicts with bears can be expected only to increase (Conover 2008). Despite the widespread range of human–bear conflict, there is no place with quite the same problem as the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California, particularly in Yosemite National Park.

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Deer–Vehicle Collision Statistics And Mitigation Information: Online Sources, Terry A. Messmer, Destiny R. Messmer Jan 2008

Deer–Vehicle Collision Statistics And Mitigation Information: Online Sources, Terry A. Messmer, Destiny R. Messmer

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Although good data are lacking, published estimates suggest that >1.5 million deer– vehicle collisions (DVCs) occur annually in the United States. The estimated losses exceed 1 billion dollars. In some states, DVCs are a major cause of reportable accidents. Federal, state, and private partners have cooperated in monitoring trends in DVCs and implementing mitigation measures. Most of this information about such measures is readily available via the Internet. The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with a broad overview of and a guide to the information currently available online to mitigate DVCs.

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Avoiding The Blame Game In Managing Problem Black Bears, Michael L. Wolfe Jan 2008

Avoiding The Blame Game In Managing Problem Black Bears, Michael L. Wolfe

Human–Wildlife Interactions

In June 2007 a black bear (Ursus americanus) took an 11-year-old boy from the tent in which he was sleeping at a semi-wilderness campsite in the Uinta National Forest in Utah and killed him. The off ending bear, a 381-pound adult male, subsequently was destroyed by personnel of the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services. The tragic incident, raises the number of recorded human fatalities caused by black bears during the period 1900–2007 to about 52. Although deaths caused by large carnivores are rare, the media attention associated with them focuses public concern for the responsibility …

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Prediction Markets And The First Amendment, Miriam A. Cherry, Robert L. Rogers Jan 2008

Prediction Markets And The First Amendment, Miriam A. Cherry, Robert L. Rogers

All Faculty Scholarship

The continuing development of prediction markets is important because of their success in foretelling the future in politics, economics, and science. In this article, we identify the expressive elements inherent in prediction markets and explore how legislation such as the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 might harm such predictive speech. This article is the first to explore First Amendment protections for prediction markets in such depth, and in so doing, we distinguish prediction markets from other regulated areas such as gambling and securities trading. The article's examination of prediction markets also illustrates the limitations of current commercial speech …

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The Laurels Of Local Public Health, Cathy Raevsky Jan 2008

The Laurels Of Local Public Health, Cathy Raevsky

Michigan Journal of Public Health

No abstract provided.

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Toward The Development Of Cancer Literacy Assessment Tools, Karen Patricia Williams, Mark Reckase, Omara Rivera-Vazquez Jan 2008

Toward The Development Of Cancer Literacy Assessment Tools, Karen Patricia Williams, Mark Reckase, Omara Rivera-Vazquez

Michigan Journal of Public Health

Background: This study represented the first that documents the development of breast and cervical cancer literacy assessments that can be administered orally by laypersons. Methods: Critical indicators of cancer literacy were identified through a review of pertinent literature and interviews with ethnically diverse women. The pilot-test consisted of a 29- question assessment for language appropriateness. A score of 75% was established as the threshold for functional cancer literacy. Results: The assessment tools demonstrated a high level of internal consistency. Paired t-test analysis of pre- and post-intervention tests showed that the instrument was sensitive to changes in literacy of breast and …

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The Detroit Youth Tobacco Survey: Results From Middle School Students, Calvin Trent, Julie Gleason-Comstock, Gary Petroni, William Ridella Jan 2008

The Detroit Youth Tobacco Survey: Results From Middle School Students, Calvin Trent, Julie Gleason-Comstock, Gary Petroni, William Ridella

Michigan Journal of Public Health

Background: The Detroit Youth Tobacco Survey (DYTS) provided representative data from middle school students, 84.7% of whom were African-American/Black, on self-reported prevalence of tobacco use and awareness, smoking cessation, peer and family influence, environmental tobacco smoke, media exposure and access to tobacco. Results: Over half of the students (53.0%; +/-4.1) used some form of tobacco at least once, with the majority trying cigarettes (47.5%; +/-3.9) and about a quarter (23.1%; +/-3.5) trying cigars. Ten percent (10.2%; +/-2.3) tried bidis or kreteks, and 7.4% (+/-1.4) tried smokeless tobacco. Of middle school students who smoked, nearly one out of four (23.2%; +/-3.1) …

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