Digital Commons Network^™

Push Versus Pull: Nutrient Partitioning Toward Immunity, Brooke D. Humphrey, Daniel G. Peterson

Animal Science

No abstract provided.

Sexual Values Among Latino Youth: Measurement Development Using A Culturally Based Approach, Julianna Deardorff, Jeanne M. Tschann, Elena Flores

School of Education Faculty Research

Latino youth in the United States are at higher risk for negative sexual outcomes compared to their European American counterparts. Adherence to traditional sexual values may protect against or increase their risk. Past studies have generally utilized proxy measures, such as acculturation, to assess sexual values. The objective of the current study was to develop and test culturally based sexual values measures among Latino youth. Focus groups and qualitative interviews were conducted to generate themes related to sexual values. Six measures were developed: three related to gender role norms (Sexual Talk as Disrespectful, Satisfaction of Sexual Needs as Important, Female …

2008 Annual Convention Utah Pest And Lawn Care Association, Larry Sagers

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Predicting Condom Use From Adolescence To Emergent Adulthood: A Comprehensive Health Behavior Model, Leanna Fortunato

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The study utilized a comprehensive health behavior model to predict condom use longitudinally from adolescence into emergent adulthood. The comprehensive model was created by combining and extending widely used models of health behavior. Participant data for this secondary analysis were drawn from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The aims of the study were to document the prevalence of condom use, to investigate the relationship between the factors of the model and condom use, and to predict condom use from adolescence into emergent adulthood. Results revealed that condom use decreased with time. Gender and racial differences emerged. The correlational …

Ecological Factors Associated With West Nile Virus Transmission, Northeastern United States, Heidi E. Brown, James E. Childs, Maria A. Diuk-Wasser, Durland Fish

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Since 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) disease has affected the northeastern United States. To describe the spatial epidemiology and identify risk factors for disease incidence, we analyzed 8 years (1999–2006) of county-based human WNV disease surveillance data. Among the 56.6 million residents in 8 northeastern states sharing primary enzootic vectors, we found 977 cases. We controlled for population density and potential bias from surveillance and spatial proximity. Analyses demonstrated significant spatial spreading from 1999 through 2004 (p2 = 0.16). A significant trend was apparent among increasingly urban counties; county quartiles with the least (0.75 cases/100,000 residents) than counties with the …

Myenteric Neurons Of The Ileum That Express Somatostatin Are A Target Of Prion Neuroinvasion In An Alimentary Model Of Sheep Scrapie, David A. Schneider, Huijun Yan, Lindsay M. Fry, Janet Alverson, Stephen N. White, Katherine I. O'Rourke

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Neuroinvasion of the enteric nervous system by prions is an important step in dissemination to the brain, yet very little is known about the basic process of enteric neuroinvasion. Using an alimentary model of neonatal disease transmission, neuroinvasion by scrapie prions in the ileum of lambs was detected by immunohistochemical staining for the disease-associated form of the prion protein, PrP^Sc. Odds ratios (OR) were determined for the frequency of PrP^Sc staining within enteric somata categorized by plexus location (myenteric, submucosal) and neurochemical staining (PGP 9.5, neural nitric oxide synthase, somatostatin, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide). PrP …

Prion Gene (Prnp) Haplotype Variation In United States Goat Breeds, Stephen N. White, Lynn Herrmann-Hoesing, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Daniel Waldron, Joan Rowe, Janet Alverson

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Scrapie eradication efforts cost 18 million dollars annually in the United States and rely heavily upon PRNP genotyping of sheep. Genetic resistance might reduce goat scrapie and limit the risk of goats serving as a scrapie reservoir, so PRNP coding sequences were examined from 446 goats of 10 breeds, 8 of which had not been previously examined at PRNP. The 10 observed alleles were all related to one of two central haplotypes by a single amino acid substitution. At least five of these alleles (M142, R143, S146, H154, and K222) have been associated with increased incubation time or decreased …

A Species Barrier Limits Transmission Of Chronic Wasting Disease To Mink (Mustela Vison), Robert D. Harrington, Timothy V. Baszler, Katherine I. O'Rourke, David A. Schneider, Terry R. Spraker, H. Denny Liggitt, Donald P. Knowles

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) occurs as sporadic outbreaks associated with ingestion of feed presumably contaminated with some type of prion disease. Mink lack a species barrier to primary oral challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy, whereas they have a barrier to such challenge with scrapie. We investigated whether mink have a species barrier to chronic wasting disease (CWD) by performing primary intracerebral (IC) and primary oral challenge with CWD-positive elk brain. Primary IC challenge resulted in clinical disease in two of eight mink at 31–33 months incubation. Affected mink had spongiform vacuolation and astrocytosis within the central nervous system and immunoreactivity …

Scrapie Resistance In Arq Sheep, W. W. Laegreid, M. L. Clawson, M. P. Heaton, B. T. Green, Katherine I. O'Rourke, D. P. Knowles

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Variation in the ovine prion protein amino acid sequence influences scrapie progression, with sheep homozygous for A¹³⁶R¹⁵⁴Q¹⁷¹ considered susceptible. This study examined the association of survival time of scrapie-exposed ARQ sheep with variation elsewhere in the ovine prion gene. Four single nucleotide polymorphism alleles were associated with prolonged survival. One nonsynonymous allele (T112) was associated with an additional 687 days of survival for scrapie-exposed sheep compared to M112 sheep (odds ratio, 42.5; P = 0.00014). The only two sheep homozygous for T112 (TARQ) did not develop scrapie, suggesting that the allelic effect may be additive. …

A Collaborative Canadian–United Kingdom Evaluation Of An Immunohistochemistry Protocol To Diagnose Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Lisa Manning, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Donald P. Knowles, Sarah A. Marsh, Yvonne I. Spencer, Estella Moffat, Gerald A. H. Wells, Stefanie Czub

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Collaboration was established in 2001 to evaluate a commercially available immunohistochemistry assay kit for the detection of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) disease–associated prion protein in formic acid–treated formalin-fixed samples of bovine brain. The kit protocol was evaluated at the National Centre for Foreign Animal Diseases (Winnipeg, Canada) and the Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge, U.K.). The U.K. laboratory provided paraffin-embedded blocks of brainstem (medulla oblongata at the level of the obex) from 100 positive cases defined by clinical signs and histopathology, and 100 clinically suspect but BSE-negative samples defined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry with anti-PrP monoclonal antibody R145. The Canadian laboratory …

Experimental Transmission Of Chronic Wasting Disease (Cwd) Of Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni), White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), And Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus Hemionus) To White-Tailed Deer By Intracerebral Route, A. N. Hamir, J. A. Richt, J. M. Miller, R. A. Kunkle, S. M. Hall, E. M. Nicholson, Katherine I. O'Rourke, J. J. Greenlee, E. S. Williams

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

To compare clinical and pathologic findings of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in a natural host, 3 groups (n = 5) of white-tailed deer (WTD) fawns were intracerebrally inoculated with a CWD prion of WTD, mule deer, or elk origin. Three other uninoculated fawns served as controls. Approximately 10 months postinoculation (MPI), 1 deer from each of the 3 inoculated groups was necropsied and their tissues were examined for lesions of spongiform encephalopathy (SE) and for the presence of abnormal prion protein (PrP^d) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB). The remaining deer were allowed to live until …

Analysis Of The Nucleotide Sequence Of The Guinea Pig Cytomegalovirus (Gpcmv) Genome, Mark R. Schleiss, Alistair Mcgregor, K Yeon Choi, Shailesh V. Date, Xiaohong Cui, Michael Mcvoy

Pediatrics Publications

In this report we describe the genomic sequence of guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) assembled from a tissue culture-derived bacterial artificial chromosome clone, plasmid clones of viral restriction fragments, and direct PCR sequencing of viral DNA. The GPCMV genome is 232,678 bp, excluding the terminal repeats, and has a GC content of 55%. A total of 105 open reading frames (ORFs) of > 100 amino acids with sequence and/or positional homology to other CMV ORFs were annotated. Positional and sequence homologs of human cytomegalovirus open reading frames UL23 through UL122 were identified. Homology with other cytomegaloviruses was most prominent in the central …

Cost Of Medical Detoxification Among Drug And Alcohol Users In A Private Texas Hospital, Alberto Coustasse

Management Faculty Research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to estimate the costs of medical detoxification among patients with alcohol and substance abuse disorders.

Design/methodology/approach – The study data was drawn from a medical detoxification program in a community hospital in Texas. Secondary data analysis of 1337 cases from three years was reviewed. Age, gender, race, alcohol, cocaine, cannabis, amphetamines, sedatives, opioids, financial classification, cost, length of stay (LOS) and cost by LOS were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test.

Findings – The sample comprised of 42.8 percent women and 57.2 percent males. The mean cost and cost by LOS …

Short- And Long-Term Attributable Costs Of Clostridium Difficile-Associated Disease In Nonsurgical Inpatients, Erik R. Dubberke, Kimberly Ann Reske, Margaret A. Olsen, Clifford Mcdonald, Victoria J. Fraser

ICTS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Risk Factors For Surgical Site Infection Following Orthopaedic Spinal Operations, Margaret A. Olsen, Jeffrey J. Nepple, K. Daniel Riew, Lawrence G. Lenke, Keith H. Bridwell, Jennie Mayfield, Victoria J. Fraser

ICTS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Attributable Outcomes Of Endemic Clostridium Difficile-Associated Disease In Nonsurgical Patients, Erik R. Dubberke, Anne M. Butler, Kimberly Ann Reske, Denis Agniel, Margaret A. Olsen, Gina D'Angelo, Clifford Mcdonald, Victoria J. Fraser

ICTS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Identification Of A Novel Picornavirus Related To Cosaviruses In A Child With Acute Diarrhea, Lori R. Holtz, Stacy R. Finkbeiner, Carl D. Kirkwood, David Wang

ICTS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Components Of Sura Required For Outer Membrane Biogenesis In Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli, Kristin M. Watts, David A. Hunstad

ICTS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Evolution And Dynamics Of Regulatory Architectures Controlling Polymyxin B Resistance In Enteric Bacteria, Alexander Y. Mitrophanov, Mollie W. Jewett, Tricia J. Hadley, Eduardo A. Groisman

ICTS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Evaluating Nafta And The Commission For Environmental Cooperation: Lessons For Integrating Trade And Environment In Free Trade Agreements, Chris Wold

Saint Louis University Public Law Review

No abstract provided.

Improving The Accuracy Of Aboriginal And Non-Aboriginal Disease Notification Rates Using Data Linkage, Donna B. Mak, R E. Watkins

Medical Conference Papers

Routinely collected infectious disease surveillance data provide a valuable means to monitor the health of populations. Notifiable disease surveillance systems in Australia have consistently reported high levels of completeness of demographic data fields of age and sex, but low levels of completeness of Aboriginality data. Significant amounts of missing data associated with case notifications can introduce bias in the estimation of disease rates by population subgroups.

The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the use of data linkage to improve the accuracy of estimated notification rates for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood borne viruses (BBVs) in Aboriginal and …

Microglia And Astrocyte Activation By Toll-Like Receptor Ligands: Modulation By Ppar-Gamma Agonists., Catherine Gurley, Jessica Nichols, Shuliang Liu, Nirmal K. Phulwani, Nilufer Esen, Tammy Kielian

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Microglia and astrocytes express numerous members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family that are pivotal for recognizing conserved microbial motifs expressed by a wide array of pathogens. Despite the critical role for TLRs in pathogen recognition, when dysregulated these pathways can also exacerbate CNS tissue destruction. Therefore, a critical balance must be achieved to elicit sufficient immunity to combat CNS infectious insults and downregulate these responses to avoid pathological tissue damage. We performed a comprehensive survey on the efficacy of various PPAR-gamma agonists to modulate proinflammatory mediator release from primary microglia and astrocytes in response to numerous TLR ligands relevant …

Metapopulation Dynamics Override Local Limits On Long‐Term Parasite Persistence, Karthik Ram, Evan L. Preisser, Daniel S. Gruner, Donald R. Strong

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

A simple null model, particularly germane to small and vulnerable organisms such as parasites, is that local conditions set a stage upon which larger‐scale dynamics play out. Soil moisture strongly influences survival of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), which in turn drive trophic cascades by protecting vegetation from root‐feeding herbivores. In this study, we examine the mechanisms responsible for patchy occurrence of an entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis marelatus, in a California coastal prairie. One hypothesis proposes that biotic factors such as competition and natural enemies could regulate occurrence of EPN populations. We found that fungi and other enemies of EPN, although locally potent, …

The Consequences Of Restricted Health Care Access For Immigrants: Lessons From Medicaid And Schip, Janet M. Calvo

Annals of Health Law and Life Sciences

This article explores the serious public health and health system concerns that arise from the exclusion of immigrants from health care access reform. Specifically, the author explains how Medicaid and SCHIP restrictions limit healthcare access for eligible citizens, undermine the functioning of the healthcare system, and hinder public health goals. These public health goals include: controlling contagious diseases, reducing infant mortality, and coordinating chronic disease care. Ultimately, the author concludes that providing health care access for noncitizens would further public health goals and implement a more rational and cost effective healthcare system.

Meddimmune, Microsoft, And Ksr: The United States Supreme Court In 2007 Tips The Balance In Favor Of Innovation In Patent Cases, And Thrice Reverses The Federal Circuit, Sue Ann Mota

Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review

In 2007 the Supreme Court reversed three patent cases from the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The three cases were MedImmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc. (holding a patent licensee does not have to breach a license agreement before seeking declaratory judgment that the underlying patent is invalid, unenforceable, or not infringed), Microsoft Corp. v. AT&T Corp. (holding Microsoft did not supply a component of an invention from the United States that had the possibility of infringing under the Patent Act), and KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc. (holding the requirement of non-obviousness under the Patent Act is analyzed …

Supporting Early Literacy Through Attachment-Based Parenting: An Intervention Project, Maureen Louise Stine

Theses Digitization Project

A Four-month intervention project consisting of regular parent training meetings and weekly take-home parent-child interactive literacy activities was implemented to examine the association between quality of mother-child interaction and preschoolers' early literacy development for five families enrolled in a state subsidized preschool program. The Palm Vista Family Home Literacy Program located in the high desert region of San Bernardino County was offered free of charge to all parents and their preschool aged children who were enrolled.

Uwomj Volume 78, Issue 2, Western University

University of Western Ontario Medical Journal

Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry

Modeling The Dynamics Of Infectious Diseases With Latency In Spatially Heterogeneous Environments, Jing Li

Digitized Theses

Assuming that an infectious disease has a fixed latent period and latent individuals in the population may disperse in a spatially heterogeneous environment, we derive three new models of SIR type, which are more realistic than the existing related ones. The first one considers a 2-patch environment and ignores the demographic structure. The model is given by a system of delay differential equations (DDEs). It is a generalization of the classical Kermack-McKendrick SIR model, and it preserves some properties that the Kermack-McKendrick model processes. We show that the ratio of final sizes in two patches is fully determined by the …

Short Report: Differences In Complement-Mediated Killing Of Entamoeba Histolytica Between Men And Women - An Explanation For The Increased Susceptibility Of Men To Invasive Amebiasis?, Margaret Snow, Minghe Chen, Jian Guo, John Atkinson, Samuel L. Stanley Jr.

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Hdp—A Novel Heme Detoxification Protein From The Malaria Parasite, Dewal Jani, Rana Nagarkatti, Wandy Beatty, Ross Angel, Carla Slebodnick, John Andersen, Sanjai Kumar, Dharmendar Rathore

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.