Digital Commons Network^™

Archaeological Perspectives On The Effects Of Medieval Drought In Prehistoric California, Terry L. Jones, Al Schwitalla

Social Sciences

Inspired by Stine's [1994. Extreme and persistent drought in California and Patagonia during Medieval Time. Nature 369, 546–549.] findings from Mono Lake and Graumlich's [1993. A 1000-year record of temperature and precipitation in the Sierra Nevada. Quaternary Research 39, 249–255.] tree-ring study from the southern Sierra Nevada, California archaeologists have for over a decade been investigating the possibility that prehistoric societies were noticeably impacted by severe droughts during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA; cal A.D. 800–1350). Decreased production at obsidian sources, dramatic increases in bead production, trade, and sociopolitical complexity in the Channel Islands, and subsistence changes on the central …

An Assessment Of The Role Of Chimpanzees In Aids Vaccine Research, Jarrod Bailey

Laboratory Experiments Collection

Prior to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected macaques becoming the ‘model of choice’ in the 1990s, chimpanzees were widely used in AIDS vaccine research and testing. Faced with the continued failure to develop an effective human vaccine, some scientists are calling for a return to their widespread use. To assess the past and potential future contribution of chimpanzees to AIDS vaccine development, databases and published literature were systematically searched to compare the results of AIDS vaccine trials in chimpanzees with those of human clinical trials, and to determine whether the chimpanzee trials were predictive of the human response. Protective and/or therapeutic …

Benchmarks 2008, September 26, The Rockefeller University

BenchMarks 2008

BenchMarks. Friday, September 26, 2008

The community newsletter of The Rockefeller University

BenchMarks is published monthly and is distributed on the campus of The Rockefeller University. It produced by the Office of Communications and Public Affairs

Toxic Introns And Parasitic Intein In Coxiella Burnetii: Legacies Of A Promiscuous Past, Rahul Raghavan, Linda D. Hicks, Michael F. Minnick

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The genome of the obligate intracellular pathogen Coxiella burnetii contains a large number of selfish genetic elements, including two group I introns (Cbu.L1917 and Cbu.L1951) and an intervening sequence that interrupts the 23S rRNA gene, an intein (Cbu.DnaB) within dnaB and 29 insertion sequences. Here, we describe the ability of the intron-encoded RNAs (ribozymes) to retard bacterial growth rate (toxicity) and examine the functionality and phylogenetic history of Cbu.DnaB. When expressed in Escherichia coli, both introns repressed growth, with Cbu.L1917 being more inhibitory. Both ribozymes were found to associate with ribosomes of Coxiella and E. coli. In addition, ribozymes significantly …

Soluble Factors From Plasmodium Falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes Induce Apoptosis In Human Brain Vascular Endothelial And Neuroglia Cells, Winston Anderson

Department of Biology Faculty Publications

The severity of malaria is multi-factorial. It is associated with parasite-induced alteration in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in host serum and cerebrospinal fluid. It is also associated with sequestration and cytoadherence of parasitized erythrocytes (pRBCs) in post-capillary venules and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. The role of these factors in development of vascular injury and tissue damage in malaria patients is unclear. While some studies indicate a requirement for pRBC adhesion to vascular endothelial cells (ECs) in brain capillaries to induce apoptosis and BBB damage, others show no role of apoptosis resulting from adhesion of pRBC to EC. …

Phylogeographical Structure And Evolutionary History Of Two Buggy Creek Virus Lineages In The Western Great Plains Of North America, Abinash Padhi, Amy T. Moore, Mary Bomberger Brown, Jerome E. Foster, Martin Pfeffer, Kathryn P. Gaines, Valerie A. O'Brien, Stephanie A. Strickler, Allison E. Johnson, Charles R. Brown

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Buggy Creek virus (BCRV) is an unusual arbovirus within the western equine encephalitis complex of alphaviruses. Associated with cimicid swallow bugs (Oeciacus vicarius) as its vector and the cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrow (Passer domesticus) as its amplifying hosts, this virus is found primarily in the western Great Plains of North America at spatially discrete swallow nesting colonies. For 342 isolates collected in Oklahoma, Nebraska, Colorado, and North Dakota, from 1974 to 2007, we sequenced a 2076 bp region of the 26S subgenomic RNA structural glycoprotein coding region, and analyzed phylogenetic relationships, …

Impact Of Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Conjugate Vaccine On Bacterial Meningitis In The Dominican Republic, Ellen H. Lee, Miriam Corcino, Arelis Moore De Peralta, Zacarias Garib, Chabela Peña, Jacquelin Sánchez, Josefina Fernández, Jesús M. Feris-Iglesias, Brendan Flannery

Publications

OBJECTIVES:

Widespread use of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines has dramatically reduced the burden of Hib disease throughout the Americas. Few studies have evaluated the impact of Hib vaccination on non-culture-confirmed disease. This study analyzed trends in probable bacterial meningitis before and after the introduction of Hib vaccine in the Dominican Republic and estimated vaccine effectiveness against Hib meningitis.

METHODS:

Meningitis cases among children < 5 years of age were identified from admission records of the main pediatric hospital in Santo Domingo during 1998-2004. Laboratory criteria were used to classify meningitis cases with probable bacterial etiology; confirmed cases had positive bacterial culture or antigen detection in cerebrospinal fluid. Cumulative incidence rates of confirmed and probable bacterial meningitis were calculated for children living in the National District. Confirmed cases of Hib meningitis were enrolled in a case-control study with age- and neighborhood-matched control children to calculate vaccine effectiveness.

RESULTS:

Before vaccine introduction, annual rates of meningitis with probable bacterial etiology were 49 cases per 100 000 children < 5 years old; Hib accounted for 60% of confirmed bacterial cases. During 2002-2004, after vaccine introduction, annual rates of probable bacterial meningitis were 65% lower at 16 cases per 100 000, and Hib accounted for 26% of confirmed cases. Rates of Hib meningitis and probable bacterial meningitis with no determined etiology declined by 13 and 17 cases per 100 000, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Introduction of Hib vaccine substantially reduced the incidence of confirmed and probable bacterial meningitis in …

2007 Annual Report, Thomas F. Turner

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Gastric Cancer Among American Indians And Alaska Natives In The United States, 1999–2004, Charles Wiggins, David G. Perdue, Jeffrey A. Henderson, Michael G. Bruce, Anne P. Lanier, Janet J. Kelly, Brenda F. Seals, David K. Espey

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND. Gastric cancer incidence rates for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) historically have exceeded those for non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). Previous reports may have underestimated the true burden of gastric cancer in AI/AN populations because of misclassification of AI/AN race in cancer registries.

METHODS. Population-based cancer registry data from 1999 through 2004 were used to describe gastric cancer incidence in AI/ANs and NHWs in the US. To address misclassification of race, registry data were linked with Indian Health Service administrative records, and analyses were restricted to residents of Contract Health Service Delivery Areas (CHSDA). Disease patterns were assessed …

Questions And Answers: Keeping Herds Free From Bovine Tuberculosis And Protecting The Food Supply

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Questions:
What can I do to keep my herd bovine tuberculosis (TB)-free?
How can I make sure that the animals I buy come from a TB-free herd?
How can I make sure that the animals I buy have not been exposed to a TB-infected herd?
Are new animals introduced to my stockyard a threat?
How do I protect calves from disease exposure?
If there is a TB outbreak in my area, are there any additional biosecurity measures, above and beyond best practices that I should take to reduce the chance of my cows getting the disease?
What biosecurity measures can …

Workers At Risk: The Unfulfilled Promise Of The Occupational Safety And Health Act, Lynn Rhinehart

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Primary Renal Lymphoma, Abdullah Ladha, Ghulam Haider

Section of Nephrology

A 62-year-old male patient presented with right flank pain and right renal mass on CT scan. Patient left against medical advice and had nephrectomy done elsewhere. Histopathology revealed a diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma. Patient presented again, with disseminated disease and was started on chemotherapy. Although a rare disorder, missing primary renal lymphoma as one of the causes of renal mass can lead to disseminated disease and unnecessary nephrectomy, in spite of chemotherapy being standard management.

Runaway Wives And Their Matchmakers: Lower Class Women Networks In Beijing's Courtyard Tenements, 1928-1949, Zhao Ma

Global Asia Journal

This article examines the formation and operation of lower class women’s

social network in the ghettoized courtyard neighborhood in early

twentieth-century Beijing. Drawing evidence from criminal case files, it

argues that courtyard tenements provided a gendered urban space within

which women formed, extended, and maintained a flexible and dynamic

web of durable relationships. Motivated largely by individual

circumstances and objectives, this neighborhood network remained

personalized, individualized, and “ego-centered” The network did not

come into existence for any type of political movements; nor did it entail

wider female solidarity. But the physical geography of the courtyard

tenements and the development of …

Welcome To The Ham-Tmc Library, Vol.22 (1) July - September 2008, Houston Academy Of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library

Library Lines (1998-2009)

No abstract provided.

Energy Expenditure And Adiposity In Nigerian And African-American Women, Kara E. Ebersole, Lara R. Dugas, Ramon A. Durazo-Arvizu, Adebowale A. Adeyemo, Bamidele O. Tayo, Olayemi O. Omotade, William R. Brieger, Dale A. Schoeller, Richard S. Cooper, Amy H. Luke

Faculty Publications

Objective:Obesity is a prevalent condition in industrialized societies and is increasing around the world. We sought to assess the relative importance of resting energy expenditure (REE) and activity EE (AEE) in two populations with different rates of obesity.Methods and Procedures:Women of African descent between 18 and 59 years of age were recruited from rural Nigeria and from metropolitan Chicago. Total EE (TEE) was measured using the doubly labeled water (DLW) technique and REE by indirect calorimetry; AEE was calculated as the difference between TEE and the sum of REE plus a factor for the thermic effect of food. In the …

Labrad : Vol 33, Issue 3 - September 2008, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• Vitamin D Deficiency: Are We Still Ignoring the Evidence?
• Collection and Transport of Urine for Culture
• Understanding and Interpreting Serum Protein Electrophoresis
• Cystic Fibrosis at a Glance
• What you need to know about Dengue Infection
• CT Colonoscopy: Introduction
• CT Enteroclysis: A New Technique to Evaluate Small Bowel
• CSF-DR: An Important Diagnostic Tool
• G6PD Quantification
• Quality Assurance
• Clinical Laboratory Continuing Medical Education (CME) Seminars
• Meeting Reports

Moving Towards A Resilient Supply Chain, John Mascaritolo, Mary C. Holcomb

Journal of Transportation Management

The nature of supply chain management—global in scope, the existence of interdependent activities in the various processes, the need for collaborative relationships between members, and the uncertainty that is inherent in both supply and demand - makes it vulnerable to unexpected events that have the potential to disrupt operations as planned. Disruptions to the supply chain can have a profound effect on the firm ranging from loss of revenue to increased costs when operations don’t proceed as planned. Firms realized that it was critical to their business interests to proactively manage, and even mitigate, the risks that are inherent in …

Inferring A Right To Permanent Family Care From The United Nations Convention On The Rights Of The Child, The Hague Convention On Intercountry Adoption, And Selected Scientific Literature, Laura Matney Shapiro

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Ethnobotanical Utilization Of Poecilineron Pauciflorum Bedd. By The Kani Tribes Of Agasthiamalai, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India, S. Ghanthi Kumar, V. S. Manickam

Ethnobotanical Leaflets

This paper presents the Kani tribal uses of an endemic plant species, Poecilineuron pauciflorum Bedd. (Family Cluciaceae). The Kani tribals use it for the treatment of Mendel disorder and infectious diseases, and for exorcism activities. The information presented here was collected from the Kani community at Karaiyar, Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR) forest, South India, Tamil Nadu.

September 2008 (Vol. 35, No.9)

Research Matters

No abstract provided.

Shea/Apic Guideline: Infection Prevention And Control In The Long-Term Care Facility, Philip W. Smith, Gail Bennett, Suzanne Bradley, Paul Drinka, Ebbing Lautenbach, James Marx, Lona Mody, Lindsay Nicolle, Kurt Stevenson

United States Department of Veterans Affairs: Publications

Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) may be defined as institutions that provide health care to people who are unable to manage independently in the community.¹ This care may be chronic care management or short-term rehabilitative services. The term nursing home is defined as a facility licensed with an organized professional staff and inpatient beds that provides continuous nursing and other services to patients who are not in the acute phase of an illness. There is considerable overlap between the 2 terms.

More than 1.5 million residents reside in United States (US) nursing homes. In recent years, the acuity of illness …

Phar 557.00: Public Health In Pharmacy, Curtis Noonan, Donna G. Beall, Jean Carter, William J. Docktor, David Forbes, Kari Harris, Gayle A. Hudgins, Kendra Keeley, Ellen Leahy, Craig A. Molgaard

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Pt 525.01: Clinical Medicine And Pharmacology, Steven Fehrer

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Pubh 535.50: Health Policy, Craig A. Molgaard

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Pubh 510.50: Introduction To Epidemiology, Curtis Noonan

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Drug-Associated Changes In Amino Acid Residues In Gag P2, P7Nc, And P6Gag/P6Pol In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (Hiv-1) Display A Dominant Effect On Replicative Fitness And Drug Response, Sarah Ho, Roxana M. Coman, Joshua C. Bunger, Stephanie L. Rose, Patricia O'Brien, Isabel Munoz, Ben M. Dunn, John W. Sleasman, Maureen M. Goodenow

ETSU Faculty Works

Regions of HIV-1 gag between p2 and p6Gag/p6Pol, in addition to protease (PR), develop genetic diversity in HIV-1 infected individuals who fail to suppress virus replication by combination protease inhibitor (PI) therapy. To elucidate functional consequences for viral replication and PI susceptibility by changes in Gag that evolve in vivo during PI therapy, a panel of recombinant viruses was constructed. Residues in Gag p2/p7NC cleavage site and p7NC, combined with residues in the flap of PR, defined novel fitness determinants that restored replicative capacity to the posttherapy virus. Multiple determinants in Gag have a dominant effect on PR phenotype and …

Assessment Of The Direct Agglutination Test, Fast Agglutination Screening Test, And Rk39 Dipstick Test For The Sero-Diagnosis Of Visceral Leishmaniasis In Syria., Samar A. Al-Nahhas, Atef A. Al-Taweel, Merfat A. Al-Taweel

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the performances of 3 serological assays (direct agglutination test [DAT], fast agglutination screening test [FAST], recombinant protein [rK39] dipstick) test for use in primary care, for the diagnosis visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Syria. METHODS We utilized 267 serum samples obtained during 2007 from patient groups confirmed and suspected VL, confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis from endemic areas in Syria and control samples, and applied the 3 serological tests in the Damascus University, Damascus and Health laboratories at the same time, on these samples. RESULTS Our data show that the tests were very sensitive, where the DAT was the …

Black Women's Risk For Hiv - Rough Living, Muneera A. Al-Dahham

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Equine Immunity, Vaccination Guidelines, And Recommendations, Patricia Evans, Kerry A. Rood

All Current Publications

This publication provides vaccination guidelines, recommendations, and suggestions for a healthy horse.

Changing Patterns And Outcome Of Dengue Infection; Report From A Tertiary Care Hospital In Pakistan, Mohammad Wasay, Roomasa Channa, Maliha Jumani, Afia Zafar

Department of Medicine

Objective: To identify predictors of outcome in patients with Dengue Infections at a tertiary care hospital and to analyze that if pattern of Dengue infection is changing in the past two years.

Methods: We reviewed 225 cases of confirmed dengue virus infection. The diagnosis was confirmed by presence of IgM antibodies against Dengue by ELISA in addition to fever according to WHO criteria.

Results: From years 2000-2004, 30(73%) had Dengue Fever (DF), 10(24%) had Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and 1(2.4%) had Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) while after 2005, 107(58%) had DF, 71(39%) had DHF and 6(3%) had DSS. Six …