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Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms: Chapter 9: Causes, Prevention, And Mitigation Workgroup Report, Paul Berger, Justin Brooks, Terence Evens, Christopher Gobler, Jennifer Graham, James Hyde, Dawn Karner, Dennis (Kevin) O'Shea, Valerie Paul, Hans Paerl, Michael Piehler, Barry Rosen, Mary Santelmann, Pat Tester, Judy Westrick

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are estimated to have evolved 3.5 billion years ago, at which time they began to add oxygen to the existing anaerobic atmosphere, actually changing the chemistry of the planet and allowing new life forms to evolve. These ubiquitous microbes are capable of tolerating desiccation, hypersalinity, hyperthermal conditions, and high ultraviolet radiation, often for extensive periods of time. Recently, cyanobacteria have responded to human alterations of aquatic environments, most notably nutrient-enhanced primary production, or eutrophication. In fact, cyanobacterial blooms are now viewed as widespread indicators of freshwater, brackish and marine eutrophication.

Due to the complex interactions between physical …

Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms: Chapter 20: Analytical Methods Workgroup Report, Armah De La Cruz, Parke Rublee, James Hungerford, Paul Zimba, Steven Wilhelm, Jussi Meriluoto, Kathy Echols, Michael Meyer, Gerard Stelma, Rosemonde Mandeville, Linda Lawton, Kaarina Sivonen, Ambrose Furey

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

The topic of exposure assessment overlaps with other topic areas of this workshop. It includes considerations of establishment of long term monitoring and event response, sampling protocols, development and standardization of organism and toxin assays, funding mechanisms, and public outreach. The development of a coordinated infrastructure (funding, human resources, and facilities, materials and equipment) is key to successfully addressing the threat posed by CHABs.
The establishment of validated standardized protocols to detect cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins is of considerable importance given the increased occurrence of CHABs worldwide. Standardized methods are needed for studies assessing occurrence, monitoring and toxicity studies which are …

2008 Annual Report: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Table of Contents

The Service’s Legacy of Conserving Migratory Waterfowl Habitat

The Migratory Bird Conservation Commission

The Migratory Bird Conservation Fund

MBCC Approvals for Fiscal Year 2008

MBCF Land Acquisitions for Fiscal Year 2008

National Wildlife Refuge System –– New Area and Boundary Addition Approvals for Fiscal Year 2008

Notes on Tables One and Two

Map – National Migratory Bird Refuges

Table One – National Migratory Bird Areas

Map – Wetland Management Districts

Table Two – National Waterfowl Production Areas

North American Wetlands Conservation Fund Summary of MBCC Approvals for Fiscal Year 2008

Table Three – U.S. Wetlands Conservation Standard …

Birds Of Conservation Concern 2008

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The 1988 amendment to the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act mandates the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) to “identify species, subspecies, and populations of all migratory nongame birds that, without additional conservation actions, are likely to become candidates for listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973.” Birds of Conservation Concern 2008 (BCC 2008) is the most recent effort to carry out this mandate. The overall goal of this report is to accurately identify the migratory and non-migratory bird species (beyond those already designated as federally threatened or endangered) that represent our highest conservation priorities. The …

A Landowner’S Guide To New England Cottontail Habitat Management, Margaret Arbuthnot

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Contents

Introduction ………….2

Biological Information ………….2

Habitat Requirements ………….4

Factors Contributing to Species Decline ………….6

Distribution ………….9

Managing Habitat for New England Cottontail ………….12

Creating Young Forest Habitat ………….21

Developing a Management Plan for Your Land ………….25

Appendix A: Resources & Assistance ………….27

Appendix B: Tools and Techniques for Habitat Management ………….30

Appendix C: Planting Shrublands ………….32

Appendix D: Species of Greatest Conservation Need in New England that Require Young Forest and Shrubland Habitats ………….34

Appendix E: The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Candidate Conservation Program ………….35

References ………….36

Ecosystem Services Derived From Wetland Conservation Practices In The United States Prairie Pothole Region With An Emphasis On The U.S. Department Of Agriculture Conservation Reserve And Wetlands Reserve Programs, Robert A. Gleason, Murray K. Laubhan, Brian A. Tangen, Kevin E. Kermes

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Contents:

Chapter A Background and Approach to Quantification of Ecosystem Services By Robert A. Gleason and Murray K. Laubhan

Chapter B Plant Community Quality and Richness By Murray K. Laubhan and Robert A. Gleason

Chapter C Carbon Sequestration By Robert A. Gleason, Brian A. Tangen, and Murray K. Laubhan

Chapter D Floodwater Storage By Robert A. Gleason and Brian A. Tangen

Chapter E Reduction of Sedimentation and Nutrient Loading By Brian A. Tangen and Robert A. Gleason

Chapter F Proposed Approach to Assess Potential Wildlife Habitat Suitability on Program Lands By Murray K. Laubhan, Kevin E. Kermes, and Robert A. …

Transcriptome Analysis For Caenorhabditis Elegans Based On Novel Expressed Sequence Tags, Heesun Shin, Martin Hirst, Matthew N. Bainbridge, Vincent Magrini, Elaine Mardis, Donald G. Moerman, Marco A. Marra, David L. Baillie, Steven Jm Jones

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Apparent Tolerance Of Turkey Vultures (Cathartes Aura) To The Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Diclofenac, Barnett A. Rattner, Maria A. Whitehead, Grace Gasper, Carol U. Meteyer, William A. Link, Mark A. Taggart, Andrew A. Meharg, Oliver H. Pattee, Deborah J. Pain

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac is extremely toxic to Old World Gyps vultures (median lethal dose ~0.1–0.2 mg/kg), evoking visceral gout, renal necrosis, and mortality within a few days of exposure. Unintentional secondary poisoning of vultures that fed upon carcasses of diclofenac-treated livestock decimated populations in the Indian subcontinent. Because of the widespread use of diclofenac and other cyclooxygenase-2 inhibiting drugs, a toxicological study was undertaken in turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) as an initial step in examining sensitivity of New World scavenging birds. Two trials were conducted entailing oral gavage of diclofenac at doses ranging from 0.08 to …

Intelligent Environmental Decision Support Systems, M. Sànchez-Marrè, K. Gibert, R. S. Sojda, J. P. Steyer, P. Struss, I. Rodríguez-Roda, J. Comas, V. Brilhante, E. A. Roehl

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Introduction
Complexity of environmental systems
New tools for a new paradigm
Intelligent Environmental Decision Support Systems (IEDSS)
IEDSS development
About Uncertainty Management
Temporal Reasoning
Featuring the problem
Approaches to temporal reasoning
Case-based reasoning for temporal reasoning
Geographic Information and Spatial Reasoning
Understanding spatial reasoning
Kriging and variants
Representing change/time steps/feedback loops
Middleware. blackboards and communication protocols
Multiagent systems
Evaluation of IEDSS and Benchmarking
Benchmarking
Conclusions and Future Trends

Chemical Contaminants, Health Indicators, And Reproductive Biomarker Responses In Fish From Rivers In The Southeastern United States, Jo Ellen Hinck, Vicki S. Blazer, Nancy D. Denslow, Kathy R. Echols, Robert W. Gale, Carla Wieser, Tom W. May, Mark Ellersieck, James J. Coyle, Donald E. Tillitt

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio)were collected from 13 sites located in the Mobile (MRB), Apalachicola–Flint–Chattahoochee (ARB), Savannah (SRB), and Pee Dee (PRB) River Basins to document spatial trends in accumulative chemical contaminants, health indicators, and reproductive biomarkers. Organochlorine residues, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-like activity (TCDD-EQ), and elemental contaminants were measured in composite samples of whole fish, grouped by species and gender, from each site. Mercury (Hg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were the primary contaminants of concern. Concentrations of Hg in bass samples from all basins exceeded toxicity thresholds for piscivorous mammals (>0.1 μg/g ww), …

Eye Malformations In Children With Heavy Alcohol Exposure In Utero, Elizabeth Y. Flanigan, Sora Aros, Maria Ferraz Bueno, Mary Conley, James F. Troendle, Fernando Cassorla, James L. Mills

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Objective: To determine whether children who do not develop fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) despite heavy alcohol exposure are at risk for eye abnormalities.
Study design: We screened 9628 pregnant women and identified 101 women who were drinking > 2 oz of absolute alcohol per day and 101 nondrinking control women. We followed 43 exposed and 55 control offspring between age 4 and 9 years, performing masked standardized ophthalomologic examinations.
Results: The groups did not differ in their rates of impaired visual acuity, refractory errors, ptosis, epicanthal folds, or short palpebral fissures. Biomicroscopy examination was normal in all exposed …

Now & Then (Volume 24, Issue 01, 2008), Center Of Excellence For Appalachian Studies And Services, East Tennessee State University

Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine

Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine, Volume 24, Issue 01, published in 2008. The theme of this issue is Urbane. This issue examines the urban and cosmopolitan dimensions of Appalachian life, challenging the notion that the region is defined solely by rural traditions. Articles explore city culture, historic resorts, independent bookstores, intentional communities, and public arts initiatives, while also reflecting on places such as Pittsburgh, Asheville, Chattanooga, and Birmingham as centers of cultural exchange and innovation. Through essays, poetry, and features on music, food, and literature, the issue presents Appalachia as a region where urban life, cultural sophistication, and …

University Of Nebraska- Lincoln: Fact Book 2007-2008

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Administration: Reports, Papers, Publications, and Presentations

Fact Book Table of Contents

General Information

UNL Core Values .............................................................................. 4

Role and Mission Statement ............................................................. 5

Institutional & Professional Accreditations ..................................................... 8

UNL Organizational Chart ................................................................... 10

Student Credit Hours

UNL Student Credit Hours Total Fall & Spring Semester, by College, 5 Year Trend ................... 11

UNL Student Credit Hours Total Fall, by College, 5 Year Trend .................................................. 12

UNL Student Credit Hours Total Spring, By College, 5 Year Trend ............................................. 13

Summer Sessions Student Credit Hours ...................................................... 14

Retention, Degrees and Majors

UNL Student Retention & Graduation Rate Analysis ...................................... 15

Total Degrees Conferred by UNL Fiscal …

Detection, Occurrence And Fate Of Emerging Contaminants In Agricultural Environments (2008), Daniel D. Snow, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Samuel E. Saunders, Shannon L. Devivo, David A. Cassada

Nebraska Water Center: Faculty Publications

Agricultural settings are affected by a unique set of environmental contaminants typically associated with land use. Nutrients and sediments from run-off and erosion have historically been, and continue to be, studied and understood with respect to their impacts to aquatic environments. Studies involving newer classes of contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals and steroids, are becoming more prevalent as methods for measuring these compounds become available. These “emerging” contaminants clearly have potential to enter the environment and cause known or suspected adverse ecological or human health effects. Release of these contaminants to the environment has occurred for quite some time, but methods …

Now & Then (Volume 24, Issue 02, 2008), Center Of Excellence For Appalachian Studies And Services, East Tennessee State University

Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine

Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine, Volume 24, Issue 02, published in 2008. The theme of this issue is Fabric of Appalachia. This issue explores the literal and symbolic fabric that shapes Appalachian culture, from textiles and clothing to the traditions, labor, and identities woven into everyday life. Articles examine quilting, chenille bedspreads, work wear, and protest T-shirts, alongside stories of artisans, farmers, and families whose crafts and livelihoods reflect the region's material culture. Through essays, poetry, and reflections on memory and place, the issue portrays fabric as both a physical thread in Appalachian history and a metaphor for …

Key Points From The 48th Annual George A. Young Swine Health And Management Conference, August 16, 2007, Bruce W. Brodersen

Nebraska Swine Reports

The conference focused on biosecurity with particular attention to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Speakers included faculty from the University of Minnesota, Iowa State University, and Kansas State University and veterinary practitioners from Iowa and Minnesota. Many of the topics focused on details relating to on-farm and off-farm biosecurity measures. Economic impacts of PRRSV and PCV2 infections were discussed in terms of specific case reports.

Does Dam Parity Affect Progeny Health Status?, Thomas E. Burkey, Phillip S. Miller, Rodger K. Johnson, Duane Reese, Roman Moreno

Nebraska Swine Reports

A preliminary experiment was conducted to investigate the health status of progeny derived from different parities; health status was characterized by evaluating the ability of Pl and P3 dams to produce and passively transfer immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) to their progeny. At parturition, circulating concentrations of IgA and IgG were greater (P < 0.01 ) in P3 dams compared to P1 dams. As expected, during lactation, concentrations of IgA and IgG were greater (P < 0.002) in colostrum compared to milk (mid- and late-lactation). No parity differences were observed in immunoglobulin concentrations in colostrum or milk obtained from P1 and P3 dams. However, when immunoglobulins were quantified in the progeny of Pl and P3 dams a parity x time interaction was observed for circulating IgG (P < 0.03) and a trend for a parity x time interaction was observed for IgA (P = 0.06). Within a time point (d), serum IgG was greater (P < 0.001) in P3 progeny compared to P1 progeny for each time point measured. These results suggest that health status, as indicated by circulating immunoglobulin concentration, in neonatal pigs, may be affected by dam parity.

Effects Of Increasing Concentrations Of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Dldgs) On Growth Performance Of Weaning Pigs, Thomas E. Burkey, Phillip S. Miller, Swapna Sheperd, Roman Moreno, Erin E. Carney

Nebraska Swine Reports

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate growth performance of weanling pigs introduced to low concentrations (5%) of DDGS during phase 2 of the nursery period followed by high concentrations (30%) during phase 3 of the nursery period Overall (day 0 to 42), pigs fed 5 or 30% DDGS in phase 2 (and 30% DDGS in phase 3) had decreased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) compared to control pigs. In addition, pigs fed 30% DDGS (during phase 2 and 3) had decreased (P < 0.05) body weight (BW) compared to control pigs and pigs that only received DDGS during phase 3. However, pigs fed 0% DDGS during phase 2 followed by 30% DDGS in phase 3) had similar BW, ADG and average daily feed intake compared to pigs fed the control diet. This research indicates that the inclusion of DDGS during phase 2 of the nursery may negatively affect growth performance, particularly when followed by inclusion of high concentrations of DDGS during phase 3 of the nursery period. However, growth performance may be maintained when high concentrations of DDGS are included in the diets of pigs (with no previous exposure to DDGS) late in the nursery period.

Effects Of Nutrition During Gilt Development On Lifetime Productivity Of Sows Of Two Profile Maternal Lines: Summary Of Growth Characteristics And Sow Productivity – 2008, Phillip S. Miller, Rodger K. Johnson, Roman Moreno, Matthew W. Anderson, Jeffrey M. Perkins, Donald R. Mcclure, Thomas Mcgargill

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of energy restriction during the gilt development period on lifetime sow reproductive performance of two maternal lines. There were essentially no interactions among line, dietary treatment, and parity. The Large White x Landrace gilts were heavier before and after dietary treatments, matured later, and had greater longissimus muscle area compared to Nebraska Line gilts. Restricting energy intake during the developmental period increased litter weaning weight but had no affect on litter size. Nutritional management of prolific sow lines during the gilt development period does affect sow and litter performance. However, these results …

The Effect Of Corn Distillers Dried Grain With Solubles (Ddgs) On Carcass Characteristics And Pork Quality, Roman Moreno, Phillip S. Miller, Thomas E. Burkey, Steven J. Jones, Susan L. Cuppett, Timothy P. Carr, Tommi Jones, Ruth M. Diedrichsen

Nebraska Swine Reports

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding 0,5,10 or 15% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on carcass quality, color stability, and sensory characteristics of the longissimus muscle (LM) of finishing pigs. Live weight and hot carcass weight decreased as dietary DDGS increased (P < 0.05). Dressing percentage did not differ among treatments (P - 0.72). After 10 days of retail display, no differences were observed among treatments for color or color change (P > 0.05). No differences in shear force were observed (P = 0.34). Total unsaturated fatty acids increased and total saturated fatty acids decreased (P < 0.05) as dietary DDGS increased. Treatments did not affect sensory characteristics (P > 0.05). The results of this investigation suggest that dietary DDGS inclusion altered fatty acid profile of the backfat of pigs by reducing total saturated fatty acid and increasing total unsaturated …

Effect Of Increasing Lysine:Net Energy Ratio On Growth Performance And Plasma Urea Nitrogen Concentration Of Late-Finishing Barrows Fed Low-Protein Amino Acid-Supplemented Diets And Ractopamine, Roman Moreno, Phillip S. Miller, Thomas E. Burkey

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum lysine (lys):Net energy (NE) ratio of low-crude protein (CP) amino acid (AA)-supplemented diets needed in conjunction with ractopamine (RAC) to improve growth performance of late-finishing barrows from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) herd. Treatments consisted of jive low CP, AA-supplemented diets with addition of ractopamine (16% CP; 4.5g/ton), formulated to contain 3.35, 3.95,4.57, 5.2 and 5.83 g of lys/Mcal of NE. A corn-soybean meal diet with no RAC supplementation served as negative control (20% CP; 5.24 g of Lys/Mcal of NE). Treatment did not affect growth performance (P > 0.05). Despite the lack …

Effects Of Organic Acid Salts On The Quality Characteristics Of Whole Muscle Hams, Karaline A. Poovey, Dennis E. Burson, Roger W. Mandigo, Susan L. Cuppett, Harshavardhan Thippareddi

Nebraska Swine Reports

The use of organic acid salts in the meat industry enhances product shelf life and safety. Minimal research is available evaluating the effects of high levels of organic acid salts on quality and sensory attributes of ready-to-eat products. Whole muscle hams were cured with brine solutions containing one of the following organic acid salt additions: 0% Control; 2.5 or 3.5% L-sodium lactate and sodium diacetate; 1.3,2.5, or 3.5% buffered sodium citrate; 1.3,2.5, or 3.5% buffered sodium citrate and sodium diacetate. The increased use of organic acid salts decreased product moisture and cooking yield (P < 0.05). Sensory panelists perceived decreased overall acceptability, with increased sourness/acidity and bitterness. Moderate levels of organic acid salts provided more acceptable products while maintaining many sensory attributes. Meat processors choosing to use organic acid salts in ready-to-eat products should be cautious as product yield losses and flavor changes may outweigh benefits at certain levels.

Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report

Nebraska Swine Reports

Pigs treated alike vary in performance due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effect we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments it is nearly impossible to get an "equal" group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.

Newsletter Of The Wildlife Society Wildlife Damage Management Working Group Interactions: Volume 14 Issue 1 Winter 2008

TWS Wildlife Damage Management Working Group Newsletter

New Board Members Selected; Feel like You’ve Been There Before? Letters F Rom Art; New Publications: HWC Volume 2-1 Now Available; Call For Posters: 23rd Vertebrate Pest Conference; Decision 2007! Election Results - Meet the New Board Members; Calls From The Field (Or A House, Or A Farm, Or A…); 23rd Vertebrate Pest Conference San Diego California; 2008 National Conference On Feral Hogs; Call for Papers: 2008 National Conference on Feral Hogs; Call for Papers: Habitat and the Predation Process A Special Symposium at the 2008 TWS Meeting; Human-Wildlife Conflict In The News; Recent Wildlife Damage Management Research; The Wildlife …

Perfluorinated Compounds In Whole Fish Homogenates From The Ohio, Missouri, And Upper Mississippi Rivers, Usa, Xibiao Ye, Mark J. Strynar, Shoji F. Nakayama, Jerry Varns, Larry Helfant, James Lazorchak, Andrew B. Lindstrom

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

A method for the analysis of 10 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in whole fish homogenate is presented and applied to 60 fish samples collected from the Ohio, Missouri, and upper Mississippi Rivers in 2005. Method accuracy ranged between 86 and 125% with limits of quantitation between 0.2 and 10 ng/g wet weight. Intra- and inter-batch precision was generally ±20%. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the predominant compound identified in these samples, contributing over 80% of total PFC composition in the fish from these rivers, with median PFOS concentrations of 24.4, 31.8, and 53.9 ng/g wet wt in the Missouri, Ohio, and Mississippi …

A Stitch In Time: New Embroidery, Old Fabric, Changing Values, Annin Barrett

Textile Society of America: Symposium Proceedings

Using contemporary embroidered artwork as a bellwether for changing social relationships, this paper will discuss how values regarding time, family and gender roles have evolved in the past couple of generations. Artists such as Orly Cogan, Louise Bourgeois, and Shanon Schollian embroider on vintage textiles to tell a new story about contemporary life. The past is invoked by the use of recycled household cloth, freshly stitched with a witty approach toward domestic imagery.  This contrast between old and new textile layers signifies an elegiac distance from past ways of living and serves as a measure of how much society has …

From Construction To Ritual Function: An Exploration Of New Guinea Fiber Masterworks, Jill D’Alessandro, Christina Hellmich

Textile Society of America: Symposium Proceedings

Non-loom techniques used by generations of women in New Guinea to create everyday necessities, and by men to fabricate sacred ritual objects reveal a mastery of the fantastic and ephemeral materials found in their island surrounds. Collectors Marcia and John Friede have amassed a collection of over 3000 works that comprise the Jolika collection of New Guinea Art at San Francisco’s de Young Museum including many historic tours de force made exclusively of plant fibers and materials.  These works celebrate the rich and diverse local and regional artistic traditions based on core fabrication techniques of tapa making, plaiting, coiling, twining …

Culture Brokers: Weavers, Photographers, Scientists, And Textile Experts, Kimberly Hart

Textile Society of America: Symposium Proceedings

DOBAG, a carpet weaving cooperative in western Turkey, founded in the 1980’s, is famous for revitalizing natural dyes in new-production textiles of “indigenous” design for export.  It is also known for its work in sustaining women’s artistic production and helping villagers remain in rural regions, rather than migrate to urban centers.  This paper considers the complex network of individuals who came together in the history of the founding of the cooperative.  In 2003, the director, Ahmet Çinar, and in 2007, one of the founders, Josephine Powell, died.  As a result, I have been rethinking the collaborative efforts of expatriate and …

Translation Of Medium: Kesi Meets Painting, Jean Kares

Textile Society of America: Symposium Proceedings

Pictorial silk tapestry, or kesi, was produced in China beginning in the tenth century as a method of weaving that allowed for designs that were independent of loom controlled patterning.  When Chinese weavers adopted the technique, they expanded its design repertoire from overall patterning to a means of creating pictures, and typically chose similar subjects to those of court paintings, sometimes copying directly from them.  In kesi, the conventions of depiction in painting and tapestry met, and the process of translation from one to the other gave rise to a new mode of expression.  Tapestry method represents a serious challenge …

Prosperity, Longevity, And “Happily Ever-After”: Symbolism And The Sophistication Of Implication In Japanese E-Gasuri (Picture Ikat) Textiles, Ann Marie Moeller

Textile Society of America: Symposium Proceedings

Ancient luxury fabrics, preserved from as early as the seventh century, testify to the long history of Japanese fascination with symbolic images on cloth.  By the nineteenth century Japanese society had developed a complex vocabulary of symbols that was easily identified by both commoners and elites.  This paper will explore sophisticated, implied messages expressed in this symbolic language in e-gasuri, a textile technique that came to full flower during the same century. E-gasuri is the Japanese term for the process of resist dying thread (ikat) which skilled artisans used to create pictures – sometimes simple, sometimes intricate-in fabric.  Since the …