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Diatom Species Composition And Ecology Of The Animas River Watershed, Colorado, Usa, Gerald V. Sgro, John B. Poole, Jeffery R. Johansen

Western North American Naturalist

The diatom flora of selected sites in the Animas River Watershed, San Juan County, Colorado, was studied. Eighty diatom taxa were identified from 10 sites: 8 sites on the Animas River and 1 site each on the Cement and Cascade tributaries. The sample diatom abundance was dominated by Achnanthidium minutissimum, Encyonema silesiacum, Aulacoseira distans, Hannaea arcus, and Diatoma mesodon. The presence of teratologic specimens of Fragilaria and Achnanthidium in the samples indicated the possibility of metals contamination. Diatom diversity was low and Lange-Bertalot pollution index scores indicated little organic pollution evidenced from diatom composition. There …

Moistened Seeds Increase Rodent Trap Success, John C. Tull, Michael W. Sears

Western North American Naturalist

Seed moisture has been shown to influence the rates of seed cache removal by rodents. Although the precise mechanism is not known, this knowledge might prove useful in field applications. We examined whether moistened bait would increase trap success in desert rodent populations. We placed traps 15 m apart in grids within a 500-ha study area and randomly baited traps with either dry or moistened seeds. We found that traps baited with moistened seeds had 34.9% higher success than traps baited with dry seeds (n = 190, χ² = 5.389, df = 1, P = 0.020). Our results …

The Scotopic Visual Sensitivity Of Four Species Of Trout: A Comparative Study, Russell B. Rader, Timberley Belish, Michael K. Young, John Rothlisberger

Western North American Naturalist

We compared the maximum scotopic visual sensitivity of 4 species of trout from twilight (mesotopic) to fully dark-adapted vision. Scotopic vision is the minimum number of photons to which a fully dark-adapted animal will show a behavioral response. A comparison of visual sensitivity under controlled laboratory conditions showed that brown trout (Salmo trutta) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) had maximum scotopic thresholds (1.1 × 10⁻⁴ µmol · m⁻²s⁻¹, ~0.005 lux) 2 times lower than rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) and Snake River cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri), which …

Forest Health Impacts Of Bark Beetles, Dwarf Mistletoe, And Blister Rust In A Lake Tahoe Basin Mixed Conifer Stand, R. F. Walker, R. M. Fecko, W. B. Frederick, D. W. Johnson, W. W. Miller

Western North American Naturalist

Interactions between forest health variables and mensurational characteristics in an uneven-aged eastern Sierra Nevada mixed conifer stand were examined. The stand was located in the Lake Tahoe Basin on a site featuring a coarsely textured granitic soil and numerous rock outcrops. Its composition was dominated by California white fir (Abies concolor var. lowiana [Gord.] Lemm.), with Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) less prominent and incense-cedar (Libocedrus decurrens Torr.) and mountain alder (Alnus tenuifolia Nutt.) the most minor constituents. The majority of saplings and seedlings were white fir. …

Large Mixed-Species Dispersal Flights For Predatory And Scavenging Aquatic Heteroptera And Coleoptera, Northern Arizona, Usa, Lawrence E. Stevens, John T. Polhemus, Richard S. Durfee, Carl A. Olson

Western North American Naturalist

We report 4 incidents of large (hundreds to hundreds of thousands of individuals) mixed-species flights of predatory and scavenging aquatic Heteroptera and Coleoptera. The events occurred on normal (mostly clear, calm) autumn 2005 and spring 2006 late afternoons near Flagstaff, Arizona. Flight days were either near the full moon or in advanced waning lunar periods. At least 18 species were involved in the flights, with as many as 16 species (7 species of Heteroptera in 3 families, 9 species of Coleoptera in 2 families) in a single flight. Heteroptera (especially from the family Corixidae) were 2–4 orders of magnitude more …

Home Range Size Of Black-Backed Woodpeckers In Burned Forests Of Southwestern Idaho, Jonathan G. Dudley, Victoria A. Saab

Western North American Naturalist

We examined home range size of Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus) in burned ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) / Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests of southwestern Idaho during 2000 and 2002 (6 and 8 years following fire). Home range size for 4 adult males during the post-fledging period was 115.6–420.9 ha using the 95% fixed-kernel method, and 150.4–766.1 ha using the 100% minimum convex polygon method. Smoothed bootstrap estimates (95%) were 130.0–521.9 ha. Home range sizes were significantly smaller 6 years after fire than 8 years after fire. Each male had from 2 to 8 areas of …

Discovery Of A Large Population Of The Rare Winter Stonefly Isocapnia Mogila Ricker In The Mad River, California (Plecoptera, Capniidae), Richard W. Baumann, Jonathan J. Lee

Western North American Naturalist

Isocapnia mogila, a rare winter stonefly, is found in good numbers in Humboldt County, California. In the 50 years since this species was described, very few specimens were recorded from only 4 sites in California and Oregon. Emergence seems to be higher in the fall and early winter than in the late winter and spring.

There Is No Valid Record Of Cliff Chipmunk (Tamias Dorsalis) In The Sandia Mountains, New Mexico, Jennifer K. Frey

Western North American Naturalist

A report of the cliff chipmunk (Tamias dorsalis) from the Sandia Mountains, New Mexico, was erroneous. The capture location of the specimen was actually the Rio Puerco drainage in Sandoval County. There are no records of the cliff chipmunk from the Sandia Mountains or elsewhere east of the Rio Grande.

End Matter, Vol. 67 No. 4

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Optical Estimation Of Auroral Ion Upflow: Theory, M. Zettergren, J. L. Semeter, P. L. Blelly, M. Diaz

Publications

This work presents a systematic analysis of optical emissions related to auroral ion upflow. Optical intensities and field‐aligned ion transport are computed for a set of monoenergetic incident electron beams using a combined fluid‐kinetic model. The kinetic portion models the energetic particle transport with a multiple stream approach and provides ionization, excitation, and heating rates to an eight‐moment fluid model of the ionosphere, which then calculates the resulting ion upflow. The analysis is used to develop a technique for estimating upward ion flux from photometric measurements at five discrete wavelengths: 427.8 nm, 557.7 nm, 630.0 nm, 732 nm, and 844.6 …

Errata

Western North American Naturalist

No abstract provided.

Unresolved Issues With The Assessment Of Multidecadal Global Land Surface Temperature Trends, Roger A. Pielke Sr., Christopher A. Davey, Dev Niyogi, Souleymane Fall, Jesse Steinweg-Woods, Ken Hubbard, Xiaomao Lin, Ming Cai, Young-Kwon Lim, Hong Li, John Nielsen-Gammon, Kevin Gallo, Robert Hale, Rezaul Mahmood, Stuart Foster, Richard T. Mcnider, Peter Blanken

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

This paper documents various unresolved issues in using surface temperature trends as a metric for assessing global and regional climate change. A series of examples ranging from errors caused by temperature measurements at a monitoring station to the undocumented biases in the regionally and globally averaged time series are provided. The issues are poorly understood or documented and relate to micrometeorological impacts due to warm bias in nighttime minimum temperatures, poor siting of the instrumentation, effect of winds as well as surface atmospheric water vapor content on temperature trends, the quantification of uncertainties in the homogenization of surface temperature data, …

Modeling Aboveground Biomass Of Tamarix Ramosissima In The Arkansas River Basin Of Southeastern Colorado, Usa, Paul Evangelista, Sunil Kumar, Thomas J. Stohlgren, Alycia W. Crall, Gregory J. Newman

Western North American Naturalist

Predictive models of aboveground biomass of nonnative Tamarix ramosissima of various sizes were developed using destructive sampling techniques on 50 individuals and four 100- m² plots. Each sample was measured for average height (m) of stems and canopy area (m²) prior to cutting, drying, and weighing. Five competing regression models (P < 0.05) were developed to estimate aboveground biomass of T. ramosissima using average height and/or canopy area measurements and were evaluated using Akaike's Information Criterion corrected for small sample size (AIC_c). Our best model (AIC_c = −148.69, ΔAIC_c = 0) successfully predicted T. ramosissima aboveground biomass (R² = 0.97) …

Censusing Bobcats Using Remote Cameras, Eveline S. Larrucea, Gianluca Serra, Michael M. Jaeger, Reginald H. Barrett

Western North American Naturalist

We estimated bobcat (Lynx rufus) density for 3 different locations in northern California using active infrared-triggered cameras. Using differences in pelage pattern as well as other physical characteristics, we identified individual bobcats from photographs, and used mark-recapture techniques to estimate population density. Camera density affected the precision of population estimates. The same population was estimated using camera densities of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 cameras · km⁻². Higher camera densities resulted in more captures and recaptures of bobcats and, consequently, in more precise density estimates. Similarly, the number of photo-captures and recaptures increased with …

Long-Term Vegetation Dynamics In A Cut Western Juniper Woodland, Jonathan D. Bates, Richard F. Miller, Tony Svejcar

Western North American Naturalist

Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis spp. occidentalis Hook.) expansion in the northern Great Basin has reduced shrubsteppe productivity and diversity. Chainsaw cutting of western juniper woodlands is commonly applied to remove tree interference and restore sagebrush plant communities. Studies assessing understory response following cutting have been limited to early successional stages and have not evaluated the effects of western juniper debris on plant succession. Cutting western juniper produces a large amount of debris which is commonly left on site, occupying a significant portion of treated areas. This study evaluated successional dynamics spanning 13 years after western juniper cutting. Four 0.45-ha …

Population Density, Biomass, And Age-Class Structure Of An Invasive Clam Corbicula Fluminea In Rivers Of The Lower San Joaquin River Watershed, California, Larry R. Brown, Janet K. Thompson, Karen Higgins, Lisa V. Lucas

Western North American Naturalist

Corbicula fluminea is well known as an invasive filter-feeding freshwater bivalve with a variety of effects on ecosystem processes. However, C. fluminea has been relatively unstudied in the rivers of the western United States. In June 2003, we sampled C. fluminea at 16 sites in the San Joaquin River watershed of California, which was invaded by C. fluminea in the 1940s. Corbicula fluminea was common in 2 tributaries to the San Joaquin River, reaching densities of 200 clams · m⁻², but was rare in the San Joaquin River. Biomass followed a similar pattern. Clams of the same age …

Increased Willow Heights Along Northern Yellowstone's Blacktail Deer Creek Following Wolf Reintroduction, Robert L. Beschta, William J. Ripple

Western North American Naturalist

Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park in 1995–1996. In August 2004 we measured plant architecture of Geyer willow (Salix geyeriana) stems along three 100-m reaches of Blacktail Deer Creek in Yellowstone's northern elk (Cervus elaphus) winter range to evaluate changes in patterns of browsing and height growth following wolf reintroduction. Average browsing intensities (n = 3 stream reaches) of 100% in 1997 decreased to 0%–55% by 2003, whereas average stem heights of 25–74 cm in 1997 increased to 149–268 cm by 2003, indicating that willow height growth was inversely …

Neighbors For Resp. Growth V. Kootenai Co. Clerk's Record V. 2 Dckt. 34591

Idaho Supreme Court Records & Briefs, All

No abstract provided.

Fractionation Of The Rice Bran Layer And Quantification Of Vitamin E, Oryzanol, Protein, And Rice Bran Saccharide, Rebecca Schramm, Alicia Abadie, Na Hua, Zhimin Xu, Marybeth Lima

Faculty Publications

Value-added processing with respect to rice milling has traditionally treated the rice bran layer as a homogenous material that contains significant concentrations of high-value components of interest for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Investigators have shown that high-value components in the rice bran layer vary from differences in kernel-thickness, bran fraction, rice variety, and environmental conditions during the growing season. The objectives of this study were to quantify the amount of rice bran removed at pre-selected milling times and to correlate the amount of rice bran removed at each milling time with the concentration of vitamin E, gamma-oryzanol, rice bran saccharide, …

The Value Of Transvaginal Sonography Performed Before Diagnostic Hysteroscopy For The Evaluation Of Uterine Cavity In Infertile Women, Lilyan W. Sersam

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Hysteroscopy have gained general acceptance as a method for the investigation of infertility. The main advantage of hysteroscopy is the capability of inspecting the uterine cavity. Transvaginal sonography (TVS) is a noninvasive modality that provide excellent imaging of the uterus and of endometrial abnormalities. The present study was designed to evaluate the use of TVS as the initial diagnostic procedure before hysteroscopy for detecting intrauterine disorders. METHODS: Seventy-eight infertile women were examined by TVS and diagnostic hysteroscopy in the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and the results were compared. RESULTS: The uterine cavity abnormalities were present …

The Murray Ledger And Times, December 28, 2007, The Murray Ledger And Times

The Murray Ledger & Times

No abstract provided.

Impacts Of Climate Warming And Permafrost Thaw On The Riverine Transport Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus To The Kara Sea, Karen E. Frey, James W. Mcclelland, Robert M. Holmes, Laurence G. Smith

Geography

Measurements of nitrogen and phosphorus (N and P) concentrations from previously unstudied streams and rivers throughout west Siberia suggest that climate warming and/or associated permafrost thaw will likely amplify the transport of N and P to the Kara Sea and adjacent Arctic Ocean. We present concentrations of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), ammonium (NH4-N), nitrate (NO3-N), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) from 96 streams and rivers within the Ob'-Iriysh, Nadym, and Pur river drainage basins. The sampled sites span ∼106 km2, a large climatic gradient (∼55°N-68°N), and include 41 cold, permafrost-influenced and 55 warm, permafrost-free watersheds. Concentrations …

Health-Related Quality Of Life Of Patients Following Selected Types Of Lumbar Spinal Surgery: A Pilot Study, Karen L. Saban, Sue M. Penckofer, Ida Androwich, Fred B. Bryant

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Background

Over 500,000 spinal surgeries are performed annually in the United States. Although pain relief and improved health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are expectations following lumbar spinal surgery, there is limited research regarding this experience from the individual's perspective. In addition, no studies have examined the HRQOL of persons who have had this surgery using a comprehensive approach. The intent of this study was to address this deficiency by an assessment of both the individual and environmental factors that impact perceived HRQOL using the Wilson and Cleary Model for Health-Related Quality of Life in persons who have undergone lumbar spinal …

Extending The Information Partition Function: Modeling Interaction Effects In Highly Multivariate, Discrete Data, Paul C. Cannon

Theses and Dissertations

Because of the huge amounts of data made available by the technology boom in the late twentieth century, new methods are required to turn data into usable information. Much of this data is categorical in nature, which makes estimation difficult in highly multivariate settings. In this thesis we review various multivariate statistical methods, discuss various statistical methods of natural language processing (NLP), and discuss a general class of models described by Erosheva (2002) called generalized mixed membership models. We then propose extensions of the information partition function (IPF) derived by Engler (2002), Oliphant (2003), and Tolley (2006) that will allow …

Inconclusive Urinary Bladder Biopsy; Facts And Lessons, Ausama Saadi Abdul Muhsin

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: To review the pathologic analysis of urinary bladder biopsies and study the frequency and causes of inconclusive biopsies among Iraqi patients. METHODS: This is a retrospective study in which 933 patients underwent 1047 urinary bladder biopsy procedures during endoscopic evaluation, or transurethral resection of a known bladder cancer in Surgical Specialties Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq between June 2000 and June 2007. Pathologic records of patients were reviewed. RESULTS: In 933 patients aged 2-100 years with a mean age of 56.87±14.3 years who underwent 1047 urinary bladder biopsy procedures, pathologic review showed bladder cancer in 655 (62.56%) biopsies, no overt …

A Systematic Analysis Of The Deracialization Concept, Byron D. Orey, Boris E. Ricks

Department of Political Science: Faculty Publications

The concept of deracialization gained notoriety following elections held in November of 1989. During these elections, a number of African-American candidates captured victories in majority-white electoral jurisdictions, leading McConnick to coin this Election Day as "Black Tuesday." Among those elected on "Black Tuesday" include: L. Douglas Wilder as governor of Virginia, David Dinkins as mayor of New York City, Norman Rice as mayor of Seattle and Chester Jenkins, mayor of Durham, North Carolina. In this article we systematically examine the deracialization construct/strategy and the potentially damaging impact that such a strategy might pose on the black community.

Aristotle's Analytic Tools, Mary Mulhern

The Society for Ancient Greek Philosophy Newsletter

Aristotle developed analytic tools to deal with conceptual difficulties that were important in his time. Some of these tools are his explicit analysis of homonymy, his eightfold classification of subjects and predicates and its elaboration into the predicaments and predicables, his syntactical analysis of ordinary language sentences, and his construction of a formal language for deductive and demonstrative syllogistic. Some of these conceptual difficulties are traceable to theories of Ideas, in which definitory predicates were not distinguished from non-definitory ones, as for instance in Hypothesis V of the Parmenides, where it is argued that the (non-existent) one is not equal …

Studying Mathematics For The Sake Of The Good, Andrew Payne

The Society for Ancient Greek Philosophy Newsletter

In the Republic, Socrates describes the good as the end of all human action: “Every soul pursues the good and does what it does for its sake. It divines that the good is something but it is perplexed and cannot adequately grasp what it is or acquire the sort of stable beliefs it has about other things, and so it misses the benefits, if any, that even those other things may give.” I wish to examine how humans act for the sake of the good in the sections of the Republic following this passage. Human action is oriented toward the …

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Responce To Orlistat Therapy In Iraqi Type 2 Diabetic Obese Patients, Faris Abdul Kareem Khazal

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Non alcoholic fatty liver disease is now recognised as the most common liver disease. insulin ressistance, Increase serum free fatty acids and oxidants incorporate in the pathogenesis leading to a syndrome extended from Simple mild steatosis to steatohepatitis to cirrhosis. OBJECTIVE: The aim to evaluate the effect of orlistat on features of fatty liver disaese in addition to glucose and lipid profile. METHODS: This is A prospective study of 60 type2 diabetic obese patients had evidence of non alcoholic fatty liver disease on ultrasound examination followed for 4 months with orlistat therapy, and asses BMI, waist circumfrence, glucose …

Effect Of Ramadan Fasting On Clinical Biochemical And Immunological Parameters In Healthy Fasting And Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients, Majid M. Mahmmod Al-Jewari

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Ramadan fasting is one of the pillaris of islam. The fasting time is about 12-19 hours depending on the season in which Ramadan falls and the geographic position of the country. It is often a subject of discussion nether or not Ramadan fasting confer any harmful effect on the body. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on some clinical, biochemical and Immunological aspects of the healthy and type two Diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS: The study was performed on (30) healthy fasting and (30) patients with type two diabetes mellitus in …