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2007

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Xdr Tuberculosis, The New International Health Regulations, And Human Rights, David P. Fidler, Philippe Calain Jan 2007

Xdr Tuberculosis, The New International Health Regulations, And Human Rights, David P. Fidler, Philippe Calain

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

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Flattening The World Of Legal Services? The Ethical And Liability Minefields Of Offshoring Legal And Law-Related Services, Carole Silver, Mary C. Daly Jan 2007

Flattening The World Of Legal Services? The Ethical And Liability Minefields Of Offshoring Legal And Law-Related Services, Carole Silver, Mary C. Daly

Articles by Maurer Faculty

This article examines offshore outsourcing of legal and law-related services as the newest twist in the international market for legal services. We consider the impact of offshore outsourcing on the profession generally and analyze the ethical issues raised by offshore outsourcing, both as it exists today and as the practice may develop in the future. The article begins by situating offshore outsourcing in the framework of relationships created in the context of delivery of legal services. This framework is used, in turn, to construct a structure of analysis for the ethical implications of offshore outsourcing. Lawyers who outsource to offshore …

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E-Commerce In Wine, J. Alexander Tanford Jan 2007

E-Commerce In Wine, J. Alexander Tanford

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

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There Is A Land In The Far Off West, Michael Maben Jan 2007

There Is A Land In The Far Off West, Michael Maben

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

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A Checklist Of Published Writings In French By Early Modern Nuns, Thomas M. Carr Jan 2007

A Checklist Of Published Writings In French By Early Modern Nuns, Thomas M. Carr

French Language and Literature Papers

The great amount of writing by early modern nuns that was published during the Ancien Régime is underexploited because no master list of it exists. For example, at least ninety books by some sixty different nuns were published between 1600 and 1700, and many more that have been published since. The Checklist of over 300 items is an effort to fill this gap. Besides books authored by nuns, it includes many biographies that contain samples of their writings. Short occasional texts, such as death notices, lettres circulaires, and legal factums have generally been excluded, however. Unless another location is noted, …

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Governance Of The Workplace: The Contemporary Regime Of Individual Contract, Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt, Timothy A. Haley Jan 2007

Governance Of The Workplace: The Contemporary Regime Of Individual Contract, Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt, Timothy A. Haley

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

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From Words To Action: The Impact And Legal Status Of The 2006 National Wildlife Refuge System Management Policies, Robert L. Fischman Jan 2007

From Words To Action: The Impact And Legal Status Of The 2006 National Wildlife Refuge System Management Policies, Robert L. Fischman

Articles by Maurer Faculty

On June 26, 2006, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) issued three new final policies governing the conservation of the national wildlife refuge system. These new agency manual provisions nearly complete an implementation project that began shortly after Congress enacted an organic statute in 1997 for management of the refuges. This article briefly reviews the significance of the 1997 legislation and places the new policies in the context of the statutory framework. It then discusses the most important aspects of the policies in terms of both practical refuge management and broader trends in natural resources law. The article evaluates …

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Exposing Sex Stereotypes In Recent Same-Sex Marriage Jurisprudence, Deborah A. Widiss, Elizabeth Rosenblatt, Douglas Nejaime Jan 2007

Exposing Sex Stereotypes In Recent Same-Sex Marriage Jurisprudence, Deborah A. Widiss, Elizabeth Rosenblatt, Douglas Nejaime

Articles by Maurer Faculty

This article examines sex discrimination arguments in recent same-sex marriage cases. Since 1993, when the Hawaii Supreme Court held in Baehr v. Lewin that denying same-sex couples the right to marry could state a claim of sex discrimination, every state high court to consider the issue has rejected the claim. But many recent decisions have in fact relied upon sex-based stereotypes to justify marriage restrictions. These include claims that men and women, simply by virtue of their gender, provide distinct role models for children; that men and women play "opposite" or "complementary" roles within marriage; and that marriage is essential …

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Advocating For The Employment Rights Of Victims Of Domestic Violence And Sexual Assault, Deborah A. Widiss, Robin R. Runge Jan 2007

Advocating For The Employment Rights Of Victims Of Domestic Violence And Sexual Assault, Deborah A. Widiss, Robin R. Runge

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

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The Individual And Customary International Law Formation, Christiana Ochoa Jan 2007

The Individual And Customary International Law Formation, Christiana Ochoa

Articles by Maurer Faculty

A state monopoly on customary international law formation was once required and acceptable, given the status states enjoyed as the sole subjects of international law. Since the drafting of the most commonly cited doctrinal sources of customary international law, legal personhood has been extended to individuals. During this same time period, individuals have come to participate in treaty-making in some key areas of international law, including human rights. The customary international law of human rights, no less than treaty law, has direct effects on individuals. It sees them as the subjects protected by those provisions that have attained the status …

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Architecture Amidst Anarchy: Global Health's Quest For Governance, David Fidler Jan 2007

Architecture Amidst Anarchy: Global Health's Quest For Governance, David Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

Increased concern about global health has focused attention on governance questions, and calls for new governance architecture for global health have appeared. This article examines the growing demand for such architecture and argues that the architecture metaphor is inapt for understanding the challenges global health faces. In addition to traditional problems experienced in coordinating State behavior, global health governance faces a new problem, what I call “open-source anarchy.” The dynamics of open-source anarchy are such that States and non-State actors resist governance reforms that would restrict their freedom of action. In this context, what is emerging is not governance architecture …

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Biosecurity Under The Rule Of Law, David Fidler, Lawrence O. Gostin Jan 2007

Biosecurity Under The Rule Of Law, David Fidler, Lawrence O. Gostin

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

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Hate Thy Neighbor, Jeannine Bell Jan 2007

Hate Thy Neighbor, Jeannine Bell

Articles by Maurer Faculty

This Article addresses one of the consequences of racial segregation in housing - violence and intimidation directed at minorities who are integrating white neighborhoods. In describing the history and dynamics of this type of anti-integrationist crime, the Article seeks to offer an introduction to the setting of hate crimes in a neighborhood context. The Article provides a critical bridge between hate crime law and housing law, exploring the substantial difficulties when each of these legal remedies is used to combat this type of violence. The Article concludes by offering a series of solutions uniquely crafted to combat the problem of …

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Mist Netting Bias, Species Accumulation Curves, And The Rediscovery Of Two Bats On Montserrat (Lesser Antilles), Roxanne Larsen, Karen A. Boegler, Hugh H. Genoways, Will P. Masefield, Ronan A. Kirsch, Scott C. Pedersen Jan 2007

Mist Netting Bias, Species Accumulation Curves, And The Rediscovery Of Two Bats On Montserrat (Lesser Antilles), Roxanne Larsen, Karen A. Boegler, Hugh H. Genoways, Will P. Masefield, Ronan A. Kirsch, Scott C. Pedersen

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Mist nets are commonly used to survey bat populations and to estimate bat biodiversity, but several studies have found that mist net capture data and methods are biased due to a number of factors, including size and placement of nets, and the frequency at which investigators check their nets. Despite the wealth of literature and anecdotal reports, few investigators have quantified the interactions of bats with mist nets directly. We employed night vision camcorders to monitor bat behavior when bats encountered a mist net and then utilized these data to reevaluate years of survey data collected on Montserrat, Lesser Antilles. …

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High-Resolution Evidence For Dynamic Transitional Geomagnetic Field Behaviour From A Miocene Reversal, Mcmurdo Sound, Ross Sea, Antarctica, Andrew P. Roberts, Anisch Bakrania, Fabio Florindo, Christopher J. Rowan, Christopher R. Fielding, Ross D. Powell Jan 2007

High-Resolution Evidence For Dynamic Transitional Geomagnetic Field Behaviour From A Miocene Reversal, Mcmurdo Sound, Ross Sea, Antarctica, Andrew P. Roberts, Anisch Bakrania, Fabio Florindo, Christopher J. Rowan, Christopher R. Fielding, Ross D. Powell

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

We report a high-resolution record of a Miocene polarity transition (probably the Chron C6r-C6n transition) from glacimarine sediments in McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea, Antarctica, which is the first transition record reported from high southern latitudes. The transition is recorded in two parallel cores through a 10.7 m stratigraphic thickness. The sediments are interpreted as having been deposited in a marine environment under the influence of floating ice or seaward of a glacier terminus from which a large sediment load was delivered to the drill site. The core was recovered using rotary drilling, which precludes azimuthal orientation of the core and …

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On The Lack Of Participating Policy Usage By Stock Insurance Companies, Geoffrey C. Friesen Jan 2007

On The Lack Of Participating Policy Usage By Stock Insurance Companies, Geoffrey C. Friesen

Department of Finance: Faculty Publications

Stock insurers can reduce or eliminate agency conflicts between policyholders and stockholders by issuing participating insurance. Despite this benefit, most stock companies don’t offer participating contracts. This study explains why. We study an equilibrium with both stock and mutual insurers in which stockholders set premiums to provide a fair expected return on their investment, and with a policyholder who chooses the insurance contract that maximizes her expected utility. We demonstrate that stockholders cannot profitably offer fully participating contracts, but can profitably offer partially participating insurance. However, when the policyholder participation fraction is high, the fair-return premium is so large that …

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Counterfeiting Truth: Statistical Reporting On The Basis Of Trust, David M. Levy, Sandra J. Peart Jan 2007

Counterfeiting Truth: Statistical Reporting On The Basis Of Trust, David M. Levy, Sandra J. Peart

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

Semantics and game theory offer modern approaches to very old problems.1 David Lewis introduced game theoretic concepts into the study of language in his examination of conventions.2 In this chapter we study the language of a specific sort of conventions: statistical estimators. Such estimators have the important property of being both well-defined mathematical objects and devices that form the basis of factual claims asserted and, perhaps, believed by rational agents.3 The convention we analyze allows econometric reporting to proceed on the basis of trust.4 In contrast with Lewis, we shall demonstrate that such a convention is …

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Counterfeiting Truth: Statistical Reporting On The Basis Of Trust, Sandra J. Peart, David M. Levy Jan 2007

Counterfeiting Truth: Statistical Reporting On The Basis Of Trust, Sandra J. Peart, David M. Levy

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

There are two parts of our chapter. First, we review Adam Smith's argument that the evolution of monetary institutions is tied up in the problem of detecting deceitful metal offered in exchange. Smith points to no such comparable institution by which deceitful policy advocacy is detected and severely punished.5 Yet his recommendation for caution in the evaluation of policy advocacy points to the caution that routinely prevailed in monetary matters before public safeguards evolved to make the metallic content of the medium of exchange transparent and to preserve its quality. Second, we tum to a different sort of deceit, …

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Attempting To Improve The Academic Performance Of Struggling College Students By Bolstering Their Self-Esteem: An Intervention That Backfired, Donelson R. Forsyth, Natalie K. Lawrence, Jeni L. Burnette, Roy F. Baumeister Jan 2007

Attempting To Improve The Academic Performance Of Struggling College Students By Bolstering Their Self-Esteem: An Intervention That Backfired, Donelson R. Forsyth, Natalie K. Lawrence, Jeni L. Burnette, Roy F. Baumeister

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

Theory and prior research suggest that (a) a positive sense of self–worth and (b) perceived control over one’s outcomes facilitate constructive responses to negative outcomes. We therefore predicted that encouraging students to maintain their sense of self–worth and/or construe their academic outcomes as controllable would promote achievement. In a field experiment, low–performing students in a psychology class were randomly assigned to receive, each week, review questions, review questions plus self–esteem bolstering, or review questions plus exhortations to assume responsibility and control. Contrary to predictions, the D and F students got worse as a result of self–esteem bolstering and students in …

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A Method For Estimating Fractal Dimension Of Tree Crowns From Digital Images, Dongsheng Zhang, Ashok Samal, James R. Brandle Jan 2007

A Method For Estimating Fractal Dimension Of Tree Crowns From Digital Images, Dongsheng Zhang, Ashok Samal, James R. Brandle

School of Computing: Faculty Publications

A new method for estimating fractal dimension of tree crowns from digital images is presented. Three species of trees, Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata Sieb & Zucc), Hicks yew (Taxus × media), and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), were studied. Fractal dimensions of Japanese yew and Hicks yew range from 2.26 to 2.70. Fractal dimension of eastern white pine range from 2.14 to 2.43. The difference in fractal dimension between Japanese yew and eastern white pine was statistically significant at 0.05 significance level as was the difference in fractal dimension between Hicks yew and eastern white …

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Layered Clustering Communication Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks, Yong Wang, Byrav Ramamurthy Jan 2007

Layered Clustering Communication Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks, Yong Wang, Byrav Ramamurthy

School of Computing: Conference and Workshop Papers

In this paper, we propose a Layered Clustering Hierarchy (LCH) communication protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The design of LCH has two goals: scalability and energy-efficiency. In LCH, the sensor nodes are organized as a layered clustering structure. Each layer runs a distributed clustering protocol. By randomizing the rotation of cluster heads in each layer, the energy load is distributed evenly across sensors in the network. Our simulations show that LCH is effective in densely deployed sensor networks. On average, 70% of live sensor nodes are involved directly in the clustering communication hierarchy. Moreover, the simulations also show that …

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Bandit-Based Algorithms For Budgeted Learning, Kun Deng, Chris Bourke, Stephen Scott, Julie Sunderman, Yaling Zheng Jan 2007

Bandit-Based Algorithms For Budgeted Learning, Kun Deng, Chris Bourke, Stephen Scott, Julie Sunderman, Yaling Zheng

School of Computing: Conference and Workshop Papers

We explore the problem of budgeted machine learning, in which the learning algorithm has free access to the training examples’ labels but has to pay for each attribute that is specified. This learning model is appropriate in many areas, including medical applications. We present new algorithms for choosing which attributes to purchase of which examples in the budgeted learning model based on algorithms for the multi-armed bandit problem. All of our approaches outperformed the current state of the art. Furthermore, we present a new means for selecting an example to purchase after the attribute is selected, instead of selecting an …

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Communicative Predictors Of A Shared Family Identity: Comparison Of Grandchildren’S Perceptions Of Family-Of-Origin Grandparents And Stepgrandparents, Jordan Soliz Jan 2007

Communicative Predictors Of A Shared Family Identity: Comparison Of Grandchildren’S Perceptions Of Family-Of-Origin Grandparents And Stepgrandparents, Jordan Soliz

Department of Communication Studies: Faculty Publications

From an intergroup perspective on family relationships, the current study investigates family-of-origin grandparents and stepgrandparents to determine similarities and differences in communication and relational dimensions. Participants (N = 88) completed questionnaires on family-of-origin grandparents and stepgrandparent relationships. From the perspective of young adult grandchildren, the research explores the role of supportive communication, reciprocal self-disclosure, nonaccommodative communication, and parental encouragement in predicting a sense of shared family identity with each grandparent type. Results are discussed in terms of implications for intergroup research, grandparent-grandchild communication, and stepfamily relationships.

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Efficient Rtl Coverage Metric For Functional Test Selection, Jian Kang, Sharad C. Seth, Vijay Gangaram Jan 2007

Efficient Rtl Coverage Metric For Functional Test Selection, Jian Kang, Sharad C. Seth, Vijay Gangaram

School of Computing: Conference and Workshop Papers

For performance-critical microprocessors, efficient test-selection methods are needed for reusing a subset of functional validation tests to detect manufacturing defects. Our new input/output transition fault-coverage metric (TRIO) at the register-transfer level is shown to perform much better than current metric in test selection at only an incrementally higher computational cost. TRIO may also be used for testability analysis early in the design cycle.

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A Note On The Karp-Lipton Collapse For The Exponential Hierarchy, Chris Bourke Jan 2007

A Note On The Karp-Lipton Collapse For The Exponential Hierarchy, Chris Bourke

School of Computing: Technical Reports

We extend previous collapsing results involving the exponential hierarchy by using recent hardness-randomness trade-off results. Specifically, we show that if the second level of the exponential hierarchy has polynomial-sized circuits, then it collapses all the way down to MA.

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A Two-Phase Approach For Dynamic Lightpath Scheduling In Wdm Optical Networks, Lu Shen, Xi Yang, Ajay Todimala, Byrav Ramamurthy Jan 2007

A Two-Phase Approach For Dynamic Lightpath Scheduling In Wdm Optical Networks, Lu Shen, Xi Yang, Ajay Todimala, Byrav Ramamurthy

School of Computing: Conference and Workshop Papers

Lightpath scheduling is an important capability in next-generation wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks to reserve resources in advance for a specified time period while provisioning end-to-end lightpaths. In a dynamic environment, the end user requests for dynamic scheduled lightpath demands (D-SLDs) need to be serviced without the knowledge of future requests. Even though the starting time of the request may be hours or days from the current time, the end-user however expects a quick response as to whether the request could be satisfied. We propose a two-phase approach to dynamically schedule and provision D-SLDs. In the first phase, termed the …

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The Elasticity Of Taxable Income Over The 1980s And 1990s, Seth H. Giertz Jan 2007

The Elasticity Of Taxable Income Over The 1980s And 1990s, Seth H. Giertz

Department of Economics: Faculty Publications

Taxable (and broad) income elasticities are estimated using tax return data from 1979 to 2001. Data from the Continuous Work History Survey (CWHS) yield an estimated taxable income elasticity for the 1990s that is about half the corresponding 1980s estimate. Estimates from the full Statistics of Income, which heavily over-samples high–income filers, generally confirm the CWHS results. More sophisticated income control brings the estimates for the two decades closer together—to 0.40 for the 1980s and 0.26 for the 1990s. Work by Kopczuk (2005) implies that the narrowing of the tax base since 1986 could account for 14 to 29 percent …

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Us And Them: Identity And Genocide, David Moshman Jan 2007

Us And Them: Identity And Genocide, David Moshman

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

Genocide is commonly deemed to be either inexplicable or the result of special hatreds. I argue instead that genocide is an extreme result of normal identity processes. Four overlapping phases are proposed. (1) Dichotomization elevates one dimension of identity over others and, within that dimension, sharply distinguishes two categories: us and them. This may lead to (2) dehumanization, in which “they” come to be seen not just as different from “us” but as outside the human universe of moral obligation. (3) Destruction may result, accompanied and followed by processes of (4) denial that enable the perpetrators to maintain their moral …

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Recasting Dilemma Zone Design As A Marginal Cost-Benefit Problem, Anuj Sharma, Darcy M. Bullock, Srinivas Peeta Jan 2007

Recasting Dilemma Zone Design As A Marginal Cost-Benefit Problem, Anuj Sharma, Darcy M. Bullock, Srinivas Peeta

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

One control objective at high-speed isolated intersections is to provide safe phase transition by minimizing the occurrence of high-speed vehicles in the dilemma zone before the phase is terminated. An upper limit for extending the green (maximum green time) is used to avoid an indefinite extension of the main-street green. Currently, the maximum green times are chosen by using engineering judgment. This approach does not explicitly consider the trade-offs between safety and delay and hence often results in both unsafe and inefficient performance at the intersection under medium to heavy traffic volumes. The dilemma problem is recast as one of …

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Limitations Of Simultaneous Gap-Out Logic, Anuj Sharma, Darcy M. Bullock, Srinivas Peeta Jan 2007

Limitations Of Simultaneous Gap-Out Logic, Anuj Sharma, Darcy M. Bullock, Srinivas Peeta

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

The current practice of specifying simultaneous gap-out logic places constraints on signal controller logic. These constraints cannot be achieved under high traffic flow conditions, and degraded signal efficiency and dilemma zone protection often result. This study documents the phenomenon described above with set-back detectors at an instrumented intersection in Noblesville, Indiana, and characterizes the problem of dilemma zone protection as being traffic-volume dependent, a factor that should be carefully considered before the simultaneous gap-out logic is applied. Implementation of simultaneous gap-out logic led to max out ranging from 3.5% to 40% of cycles per hour during peak traffic flow periods …

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