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2007

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Cyberspace As/And Space, Julie E. Cohen Jan 2007

Cyberspace As/And Space, Julie E. Cohen

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The appropriate role of place- and space-based metaphors for the Internet and its constituent nodes and networks is hotly contested. This essay seeks to provoke critical reflection on the implications of place- and space-based theories of cyberspace for the ongoing production of networked space more generally. It argues, first, that adherents of the cyberspace metaphor have been insufficiently sensitive to the ways in which theories of cyberspace as space themselves function as acts of social construction. Specifically, the leading theories all have deployed the metaphoric construct of cyberspace to situate cyberspace, explicitly or implicitly, as separate space. This denies all …

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Hybrid Ac/Dc Power Distribution Solution For Future Space Applications, Sushant Barave, Badrul H. Chowdhury Jan 2007

Hybrid Ac/Dc Power Distribution Solution For Future Space Applications, Sushant Barave, Badrul H. Chowdhury

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

As NASA readies itself for new space exploration initiatives starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020 eventually leading to human exploration of Mars, the requirements for a safe and reliable power system will become important issues. A preliminary study of a proposed hybrid AC/DC distribution system with a power electronic interface is investigated. A Static synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is considered as the power electronic interface between the AC and the DC portions of the hybrid AC/DC distribution system. The system is modeled in EMTDC/PSCAD and tested for certain operating conditions and contingencies. High reliability and …

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Implementation Of Static And Semi-Static Versions Of A Bit-Wise Pipelined Dual-Rail Ncl 2s Complement Multiplier, R. Sankar, V. Kadiyala, Ravi Bonam, S. Kumar, S. Mohan, F. Kacani, Waleed K. Al-Assadi, Scott C. Smith Jan 2007

Implementation Of Static And Semi-Static Versions Of A Bit-Wise Pipelined Dual-Rail Ncl 2s Complement Multiplier, R. Sankar, V. Kadiyala, Ravi Bonam, S. Kumar, S. Mohan, F. Kacani, Waleed K. Al-Assadi, Scott C. Smith

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper focuses on implementing a 2s complement 8x8 dual-rail bit-wise pipelined multiplier using the asynchronous NULL Convention Logic (NCL) paradigm. The design utilizes a Wallace tree for partial product summation, and is implemented and simulated in VHDL, the transistor level, and the physical level, using a 1.8V 0.18,um TSMC CMOS process.The multiplier is realized using both static and semi-static Dualversions of the NCL gates; and these two implementations are compared in terms of area, power, and speed.

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Incorporating The Effects Of Magnetic Saturation In A Coupled-Circuit Model Of A Claw-Pole Alternator, Hua Bai, Steven Pekarek, Jerry L. Tichenor, Walter Eversman, Duane J. Buening, Gregory R. Holbrook, Ronald J. Krefta Jan 2007

Incorporating The Effects Of Magnetic Saturation In A Coupled-Circuit Model Of A Claw-Pole Alternator, Hua Bai, Steven Pekarek, Jerry L. Tichenor, Walter Eversman, Duane J. Buening, Gregory R. Holbrook, Ronald J. Krefta

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A method of representing the effects of magnetic saturation in a coupled-circuit model of a claw-pole alternator is presented. In the approach considered, the airgap flux density produced by each winding is expressed as a function of magnetic operating point. A challenge in the implementation is that the airgap flux densities consist of several significant harmonics, each of which changes at a distinct rate as iron saturates. Despite this complication, it is shown that relatively simple measurements can be used to determine model parameters. The model is implemented in the analysis of several alternator/rectifier systems using a commercial state-model-based circuit …

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Neural Network Control Of Robot Formations Using Rise Feedback, Jagannathan Sarangapani, Travis Alan Dierks Jan 2007

Neural Network Control Of Robot Formations Using Rise Feedback, Jagannathan Sarangapani, Travis Alan Dierks

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, a combined kinematic/torque control law is developed for leader-follower based formation control using backstepping in order to accommodate the dynamics of the robots and the formation in contrast with kinematic-based formation controllers that are widely reported in the literature. A neural network (NN) is introduced along with robust integral of the sign of the error (RISE) feedback to approximate the dynamics of the follower as well as its leader using online weight tuning. It is shown using Lyapunov theory that the errors for the entire formation are asymptotically stable and the NN weights are bounded as opposed …

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Online Reinforcement Learning Control Of Unknown Nonaffine Nonlinear Discrete Time Systems, Qinmin Yang, Jagannathan Sarangapani Jan 2007

Online Reinforcement Learning Control Of Unknown Nonaffine Nonlinear Discrete Time Systems, Qinmin Yang, Jagannathan Sarangapani

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, a novel neural network (NN) based online reinforcement learning controller is designed for nonaffine nonlinear discrete-time systems with bounded disturbances. The nonaffine systems are represented by nonlinear auto regressive moving average with exogenous input (NARMAX) model with unknown nonlinear functions. An equivalent affine-like representation for the tracking error dynamics is developed first from the original nonaffine system. Subsequently, a reinforcement learning-based neural network (NN) controller is proposed for the affine-like nonlinear error dynamic system. The control scheme consists of two NNs. One NN is designated as the critic, which approximates a predefined long-term cost function, whereas an …

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Optimal Neuro-Fuzzy External Controller For A Statcom In The 12-Bus Benchmark Power System, Salman Mohagheghi, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley Jan 2007

Optimal Neuro-Fuzzy External Controller For A Statcom In The 12-Bus Benchmark Power System, Salman Mohagheghi, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An optimal neuro-fuzzy external controller is designed in this paper for a static compensator (STATCOM) in the 12-bus benchmark power system. The controller provides an auxiliary reference signal for the STATCOM in such a way that it improves the damping of the rotor speed deviations of its neighboring generators. A Mamdani fuzzy rule base constitutes the core of the controller. A heuristic dynamic programming-based approach is used to further train the controller and enable it to provide nonlinear optimal control at different operating conditions of the power system. Simulation results are provided that indicate the proposed neuro-fuzzy external controller is …

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Optimal Wide Area Controller And State Predictor For A Power System, Salman Mohagheghi, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley Jan 2007

Optimal Wide Area Controller And State Predictor For A Power System, Salman Mohagheghi, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Ronald G. Harley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An optimal wide area controller is designed in this paper for a 12-bus power system together with a Static Compensator (STATCOM). The controller provides auxiliary reference signals for the automatic voltage regulators (AVR) of the generators as well as the line voltage controller of the STATCOM in such a way that it improves the damping of the rotor speed deviations of the synchronous machines. Adaptive critic designs theory is used to implement the controller and enable it to provide nonlinear optimal control over the infinite horizon time of the problem and at different operating conditions of the power system. Simulation …

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Coordinated Machine Learning And Decision Support For Situation Awareness, Timothy Draelos, Pengchu Zhang, Donald C. Wunsch, John E. Seiffertt Iv, Gregory Conrad, Nathan Brannon Jan 2007

Coordinated Machine Learning And Decision Support For Situation Awareness, Timothy Draelos, Pengchu Zhang, Donald C. Wunsch, John E. Seiffertt Iv, Gregory Conrad, Nathan Brannon

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

For applications such as force protection, an effective decision maker needs to maintain an unambiguous grasp of the environment. Opportunities exist to leverage computational mechanisms for the adaptive fusion of diverse information sources. The current research employs neural networks and Markov chains to process information from sources including sensors, weather data, and law enforcement. Furthermore, the system operator's input is used as a point of reference for the machine learning algorithms. More detailed features of the approach are provided, along with an example force protection scenario.

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Design Of An Fpga Logic Element For Implementing Asynchronous Null Convention Logic Circuits, Scott C. Smith Jan 2007

Design Of An Fpga Logic Element For Implementing Asynchronous Null Convention Logic Circuits, Scott C. Smith

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Two versions of a reconfigurable logic element are developed for use in constructing afield-programmable gate array NULL convention logic (NCL) field-programmable gate array (FPGA): one with extra embedded registration capability, which requires additional area, and one without. Both versions can be configured as any of the 27 fundamental NCL gates, including resettable and inverting variations, and both can utilize embedded registration for gates with three or fewer inputs; however, only the version with the additional embedded registration capability can utilize embedded registration with four-input gates. These two approaches are compared with each other and with an existing approach, showing that …

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Doppler Spread Estimation For Broadband Wireless Ofdm Systems, Jun Tao, Jingxian Wu, Chengshan Xiao Jan 2007

Doppler Spread Estimation For Broadband Wireless Ofdm Systems, Jun Tao, Jingxian Wu, Chengshan Xiao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we present a new Doppler spread estimation algorithm for broadband wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with time-varying and frequency-selective Rayleigh fading. The algorithm is developed by analyzing the statistical properties of the power of received signals in the time domain, thus it excludes the influence of inter- carrier interference introduced by channel variation within one OFDM symbol. The operation of the algorithm doesn't require the knowledge of fading coefficients, transmitted data symbols, or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It works well under time-selective and frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel with SNR as low as 0 dB. Moreover, unlike …

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Judges' Pay: A Chasm Far Worse Than Realized, And Worsening, Roy A. Schotland Jan 2007

Judges' Pay: A Chasm Far Worse Than Realized, And Worsening, Roy A. Schotland

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

For our state judges today, let us put aside what might be thought their appropriate "reward" compared to the "reward" for private-sector lawyers. Of course judges earn less than they would in private practice, and of course judges enjoy "rewards" other than salaries. What is surprising is how severe the gap is between the pay for judges and for the private bar-and, strikingly, the gap between the pay for judges and for other public employees. What is deeply disturbing, indeed dangerous, is how the gaps are worsening. Our compensation for judges is so low, that by reducing the caliber and …

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Error Performance Of Double Space Time Transmit Diversity Systems, Jingxian Wu, Y. Rosa Zheng, Ashwin Gumaste, Chengshan Xiao Jan 2007

Error Performance Of Double Space Time Transmit Diversity Systems, Jingxian Wu, Y. Rosa Zheng, Ashwin Gumaste, Chengshan Xiao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The theoretical error performance of double space time transmit diversity (DSTTD) system with optimum combining receiver is analyzed in this paper. by employing both spatial multiplexing and transmit diversity in one system, DSTTD provides practical tradeoff between system spectral efficiency and diversity gain. We derive exact analytical expressions to describe the symbol error rate for DSTTD systems. The effects of both diversity gain and antenna interference introduced by spatial multiplexing are quantified in the results. In addition, the performance of DSTTD system with successive interference cancellation is also investigated. Simulation results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical results obtained …

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Reinforcement Learning Neural-Network-Based Controller For Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems With Input Constraints, Pingan He, Jagannathan Sarangapani Jan 2007

Reinforcement Learning Neural-Network-Based Controller For Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems With Input Constraints, Pingan He, Jagannathan Sarangapani

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A novel adaptive-critic-based neural network (NN) controller in discrete time is designed to deliver a desired tracking performance for a class of nonlinear systems in the presence of actuator constraints. The constraints of the actuator are treated in the controller design as the saturation nonlinearity. The adaptive critic NN controller architecture based on state feedback includes two NNs: the critic NN is used to approximate the "strategic" utility function, whereas the action NN is employed to minimize both the strategic utility function and the unknown nonlinear dynamic estimation errors. The critic and action NN weight updates are derived by minimizing …

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Creation Of The Big Sky African Ensemble, Philip Michael Johns Jan 2007

Creation Of The Big Sky African Ensemble, Philip Michael Johns

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Johns, Philip M., MA. Fine Arts, July 2007 Integrated Arts and Education Creation of the Big Sky African Ensemble Chairperson: Dorothy Morrison In my final creative project, my primary goal was to reshape and redefine an existing course at Big Sky High School and in so doing to reshape and redefine myself as an artist. In the process of creating the African ensemble, I had to examine the cannons of my formal musical training to include an exploration of new avenues of expression and creativity. I had to creatively problem solve and overcome many obstacles while developing and maintaining a …

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The Structure Function Relationship Of Silica Polyamine Composites, Mark Anthony Hughes Jan 2007

The Structure Function Relationship Of Silica Polyamine Composites, Mark Anthony Hughes

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The goals of this thesis were to improve the performance of silica polyamine composites by manipulating the surface structure and to understand the relationship between, polymer structure and ligand modification of the grafted polyamine. Improvements in silica polyamine composite performance resulted from modifying silica gel with methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) substituted for a molar fraction of reagent chloropropyltrichlorosilane (CPTCS), which has been traditionally employed. MTCS does not possess a terminal chloride group thus preventing the subsequent attachment of a polyamine to this moiety. MTCS has a smaller molecular volume than CPTCS and as a consequence greater coverage of the silica gel surface …

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A Computational Theory For The Generation Of Solutions During Early Conceptual Design, Cari R. Bryant Jan 2007

A Computational Theory For The Generation Of Solutions During Early Conceptual Design, Cari R. Bryant

Doctoral Dissertations

"Advancement in technology is usually made by building on previous experiences and learning from past successes and failures. However, knowledge transfer in the broad field of product design is often difficult to accomplish. Research has shown that successful component configurations, observed from existing products, can be dissected and stored for reuse; but few computational tools exist to assist designers during the conceptual phase of design. Many well-known manual methods (e.g. brainstorming, intrinsic and extrinsic searches, and morphological analysis) rely heavily on individual bias and experience and are often time intensive, laborious tasks that may not catch solutions that are functionally …

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Analysis Of The Holistic Impact Of The Hydrogen Economy On The Coal Industry, Shannon Perry Lusk Jan 2007

Analysis Of The Holistic Impact Of The Hydrogen Economy On The Coal Industry, Shannon Perry Lusk

Doctoral Dissertations

"As gas prices soar and energy demand continues to grow amidst increasingly stringent environmental regulations and an assortment of global pressures, implementing alternative energy sources while considering their linked economic, environmental and societal impacts becomes a more pressing matter. The Hydrogen Economy has been proposed as an answer to meeting the increasing energy demand for electric power generation and transportation in an environmentally benign way. Based on current hydrogen technology development, the most practical feedstock to fuel the Hydrogen Economy may prove to be coal via hydrogen production at FutureGen plants. The planned growth of the currently conceived Hydrogen Economy …

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The Development And Application Of A Systematic Approach To Evaluating An Academic Department's Brand Meaning, Cassandra C. Elrod Jan 2007

The Development And Application Of A Systematic Approach To Evaluating An Academic Department's Brand Meaning, Cassandra C. Elrod

Doctoral Dissertations

"Research of existing literature indicates that below the university level, there has been little effort made in branding academia, namely academic departments. The lack of branding may significantly affect the perceptions that potential students and future employers of these students have about one of these academic units. The impact may be most significant for units where the fields of study that are represented by the department may be unclear, such as in the case of engineering management. However, even in the cases of better-understood fields of study, for example, electrical engineering, the competition for students with other fields of study …

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Architecting System Of Systems: Artificial Life Analysis Of Financial Market Behavior, Nil Hande Ergin Jan 2007

Architecting System Of Systems: Artificial Life Analysis Of Financial Market Behavior, Nil Hande Ergin

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research study focuses on developing a framework that can be utilized by system architects to understand the emergent behavior of system architectures. The objective is to design a framework that is modular and flexible in providing different ways of modeling sub-systems of System of Systems. At the same time, the framework should capture the adaptive behavior of the system since evolution is one of the key characteristics of System of Systems. Another objective is to design the framework so that humans can be incorporated into the analysis. The framework should help system architects understand the behavior as well as …

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Development Of A Geographic Information System-Based Virtual Geotechnical Database And Assessment Of Liquefaction Potential For The St. Louis Metropolitan Area, Jae-Won Chung Jan 2007

Development Of A Geographic Information System-Based Virtual Geotechnical Database And Assessment Of Liquefaction Potential For The St. Louis Metropolitan Area, Jae-Won Chung

Doctoral Dissertations

"The St. Louis Metropolitan area is the focus the U.S. Geological Survey's Earthquake Hazard Program's plan for assessing and reducing the likely risks of an earthquake likely emanating from New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), which is the most active seismic zone in the Midwestern United States. The St. Louis Metropolitan area consists of three counties in Missouri and four in Illinois, which are divided by the state boundary along the Mississippi River. Both of the state's respective geological surveys have produced their own geologic maps and datasets, employing dissimilar geodata information and systems, with differing map units, map scales, and …

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East Meets West: The Adaptation Of Vietnamese International Students To California Community Colleges, Tam Huu Do Jan 2007

East Meets West: The Adaptation Of Vietnamese International Students To California Community Colleges, Tam Huu Do

Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement

No abstract provided.

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Florida Wireless Implantable Recording Electrodes (Fwire) For Brain Machine Interfaces, Rizwan Bashirullah, John G. Harris, Justin C. Sanchez, Toshikazu Nishida, Jose C. Principe Jan 2007

Florida Wireless Implantable Recording Electrodes (Fwire) For Brain Machine Interfaces, Rizwan Bashirullah, John G. Harris, Justin C. Sanchez, Toshikazu Nishida, Jose C. Principe

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper reviews on-going efforts towards the development of the Florida Wireless Implantable Recording Electrodes (FWIRE). The FWIRE microsystem platform is a fully implantable flexible substrate microelectrode array that employs state-of-the-art integrate-and-fire (IF) signal representation and wireless interface circuitry for recording neural activity from behaving rodents. The modular nature of the implantable neural recording electrode allows future enhancements to be seamlessly added to improve functionality including but not limited to rechargeability through inductive coupling, custom microelectrode arrays, higher capacity batteries, and more advanced integrated circuit technologies. This paper concentrates on custom integrated circuits such as neural interfacing amplifiers, baseband signal …

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Understanding Behavior Of System Of Systems Through Computational Intelligence Techniques, Nil H. Kilicay, Cihan H. Dagli Jan 2007

Understanding Behavior Of System Of Systems Through Computational Intelligence Techniques, Nil H. Kilicay, Cihan H. Dagli

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The world is facing an increasing level of systems integration leading towards systems of systems (SoS) that adapt to changing environmental conditions. The number of connections between components, the diversity of the components and the way the components are organized can lead to different emergent system behavior. Therefore, the need to focus on overall system behavior is becoming an unavoidable issue. The problem is to develop methodologies appropriate for better understanding behavior of system of systems before the design and implementation phase. This paper focuses on computational intelligence techniques used for analysis of complex adaptive systems with the aim of …

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Adaptive Neural Network Based Stabilizing Controller Design For Single Machine Infinite Bus Power Systems, Wenxin Liu, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Donald C. Wunsch, David A. Cartes, Jagannathan Sarangapani, Mariesa Crow Jan 2007

Adaptive Neural Network Based Stabilizing Controller Design For Single Machine Infinite Bus Power Systems, Wenxin Liu, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Donald C. Wunsch, David A. Cartes, Jagannathan Sarangapani, Mariesa Crow

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Power system stabilizers are widely used to generate supplementary control signals for the excitation system in order to damp out the low frequency oscillations. In power system control literature, the performances of the proposed controllers were mostly demonstrated using simulation results without any rigorous stability analysis. This paper proposes a stabilizing neural network (NN) controller based on a sixth order single machine infinite bus power system model. The NN is used to approximate the complex nonlinear dynamics of power system. Unlike the other indirect adaptive NN control schemes, there is no offline training process and the NN can be directly …

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An Evaluation Of Mahalanobis-Taguchi System And Neural Network For Multivariate Pattern Recognition, Jungeui Hong, Rajesh Jugulum, Kioumars Paryani, K. M. Ragsdell, Genichi Taguchi, Elizabeth A. Cudney Jan 2007

An Evaluation Of Mahalanobis-Taguchi System And Neural Network For Multivariate Pattern Recognition, Jungeui Hong, Rajesh Jugulum, Kioumars Paryani, K. M. Ragsdell, Genichi Taguchi, Elizabeth A. Cudney

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Mahalanobis-Taguchi System is a diagnosis and predictive method for analyzing patterns in multivariate cases. The goal of this study is to compare the ability of the Mahalanobis- Taguchi System and a neural-network to discriminate using small data sets. We examine the discriminant ability as a function of data set size using an application area where reliable data is publicly available. The study uses the Wisconsin Breast Cancer study with nine attributes and one class.

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Effective Use Of Process Capability Indices For Supplier Management, Elizabeth A. Cudney, David Drain Jan 2007

Effective Use Of Process Capability Indices For Supplier Management, Elizabeth A. Cudney, David Drain

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Process capability indices were originally invented to enable an organization to make economically sound decisions for process management. Process capability is a comparison of the voice of the process with the voice of the customer. Current practice is to use Cp and Cpk regardless of the validity of the underlying assumptions necessary for their use. Even if all necessary assumptions are satisfied, important problems can be missed if these indices are the sole process evaluation examined. Customer-supplier axioms are introduced to motivate more useful process evaluations and foster long-term harmonious relationships. This paper explores the alternative capability indices Cpm, Cpmk, …

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Breaking The Cycle-Preventing Failures By Leveraging Historical Data During Conceptual Design, Daniel A. Krus, Katie Grantham Jan 2007

Breaking The Cycle-Preventing Failures By Leveraging Historical Data During Conceptual Design, Daniel A. Krus, Katie Grantham

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Major engineering accidents are often caused by seemingly minor failures propagating through complex systems. One example of this is an accident involving a Bell 206 Rotorcraft where a fuel pump failure led to the severing of the tail boom. Cataloguing and communicating the knowledge of potential failures and failure propagations is critical to prevent further accidents. The need for effective failure prevention tools is not specific to rotorcrafts, however. Failure reporting systems have been adopted by various industries to aid and promote failure prevention. The catalogued failures usually consist of narratives describing which part of a product failed, how it …

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Software Patents, Incumbents, And Entry, John R. Allison, Abe Dunn, Ronald J. Mann Jan 2007

Software Patents, Incumbents, And Entry, John R. Allison, Abe Dunn, Ronald J. Mann

Faculty Scholarship

Software patents have been controversial since the days when "software" referred to the crude programs that came free with an IBM mainframe. Different perspectives have been presented in judicial, legislative, and administrative fora over the years, and the press has paid as much attention to this issue as it has to any other intellectual property topic during this time. Meanwhile, a software industry developed and has grown to a remarkable size, whether measured by revenues or profitability, number of firms or employees, or research expenditures. The scope of software innovation has become even broader, as an increasing number of devices …

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The Disputed Quality Of Software Patents, John R. Allison, Ronald J. Mann Jan 2007

The Disputed Quality Of Software Patents, John R. Allison, Ronald J. Mann

Faculty Scholarship

We analyze the characteristics of the patents held by firms in the software industry. Unlike prior researchers, we rely on the examination of individual patents to determine which patents involve software inventions. This method of identifying the relevant patents is more laborious than the methods that previous scholars have used, but it produces a data set from which we can learn more about the role of patents in the software industry. In general, we find that patents the computer technology firms obtain on software inventions have more prior art references, claims, and forward citations than the patents that the same …

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