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2007

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Articles 12721 - 12750 of 14125

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Gene Family Encoding The Major Toxins Of Lethal Amanita Mushrooms, Heather E. Hallen-Adams, Hong Luo, John S. Scott-Craig, Jonathan D. Walton Jan 2007

Gene Family Encoding The Major Toxins Of Lethal Amanita Mushrooms, Heather E. Hallen-Adams, Hong Luo, John S. Scott-Craig, Jonathan D. Walton

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Amatoxins, the lethal constituents of poisonous mushrooms in the genus Amanita, are bicyclic octapeptides. Two genes in A. bisporigera,AMA1 and PHA1, directly encode ∝-amanitin, an amatoxin, and the related bicyclic heptapeptide phallacidin, a phallotoxin, indicating that these compounds are synthesized on ribosomes and not by nonribosomal peptide synthetases. ∝-Amanitin and phallacidin are synthesized as proproteins of 35 and 34 amino acids, respectively, from which they are predicted to be cleaved by a prolyl oligopeptidase. AMA1 and PHA1 are present in other toxic species of Amanita section Phalloidae but are absent from nontoxic species in other sections. The …

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Culture-Related Strengths Among Latin American Families: A Case Study Of Brazil, Gustavo Carlo, Silvia Koller, Marcela Raffaelli, Maria Rosario De Guzman Jan 2007

Culture-Related Strengths Among Latin American Families: A Case Study Of Brazil, Gustavo Carlo, Silvia Koller, Marcela Raffaelli, Maria Rosario De Guzman

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

We provide an analysis of culturally-specific strength characteristics associated with families in Brazil. The focus is on familism and familial interdependence, the role of the extended family, cooperative and prosocial tendencies, a collective orientation, and the closing gender gap. The article is divided into four sections. First, we provide some background information on the demographics and history of Brazil. Second, the family strength characteristics are discussed. Third, case studies are briefly presented to illustrate the protective role of the characteristics. And fourth, we discuss the implications of the strengths-based approach to studying families for theories, research, and program development.

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Characterizing Stand- Replacing Harvest And Fire Disturbance Patches In A Forested Landscape: A Case Study From Cooney Ridge, Montana, Andrew T. Hudak, Penelope Morgan, Michael J. Bobbitt, Leigh B. Lentile Jan 2007

Characterizing Stand- Replacing Harvest And Fire Disturbance Patches In A Forested Landscape: A Case Study From Cooney Ridge, Montana, Andrew T. Hudak, Penelope Morgan, Michael J. Bobbitt, Leigh B. Lentile

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

In this chapter, we present a case study intended to help crystallize for many readers, through use of an illustrative example, some of the important concepts developed in the preceding chapters. From an understanding of forest successional and disturbance processes, both natural and anthropogenic (Linke et al., Chapter 1, this volume), research questions were developed to compare and contrast the landscape patterns generated from fire and harvest disturbance. Remotely sense data are demonstrated as an appropriate source of relevant information (Coops et al., Chapter 2, this volume), enabling the applications presented for the utilization of change detection approaches for mapping …

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The Science Of Targeting Within Landscapes And Watersheds To Improve Consevation Effectiveness, Todd Walter, Mike Dosskey, Madhu Khanna, Jim Miller, Mark Tomer, John Wiens Jan 2007

The Science Of Targeting Within Landscapes And Watersheds To Improve Consevation Effectiveness, Todd Walter, Mike Dosskey, Madhu Khanna, Jim Miller, Mark Tomer, John Wiens

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Our ernphasis in this chapter has been an the science that underlies efforts to target conservation efforts to enhance the effeciiveness (and cost-effectiveness) of management, mitigation and restoration.

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Serologic Evidence Of West Nile Virus Exposure In North American Mesopredators, Kevin T. Bentler, Jeffrey S. Hall, J . Jeffrey Root, Kaci Klenk, Brandon S. Schmit, Bradley F. Blackwell, Paul C. Ramey, Larry Clark Jan 2007

Serologic Evidence Of West Nile Virus Exposure In North American Mesopredators, Kevin T. Bentler, Jeffrey S. Hall, J . Jeffrey Root, Kaci Klenk, Brandon S. Schmit, Bradley F. Blackwell, Paul C. Ramey, Larry Clark

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Sera from 936 mammalian mesopredators (Virginia opossums, gray foxes, striped skunks, hooded skunks, raccoons, a bobcat, and a red fox) were collected during 2003 and 2004 in California, Arizona, Texas, Louisiana, Ohio, and Wyoming and screened for flavivirus-specific antibodies by an epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosobent assay (blocking ELISA). Serum samples positive for antibodies against flaviviruses were screened for West Nile virus (WNV)– specific antibodies by blocking ELISA and selectively confirmed with plaque-reduction neutralization tests. High prevalence rates were observed in raccoons (45.6%) and striped skunks (62.9%). The high WNV antibody prevalence noted in mesopredators, their peridomestic tendencies, and their overall pervasiveness …

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Inoculation Of Coffee Plants With The Fungal Entomopathogen Beauveria Bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), Francisco Posada, M. Catherine Aime, Stephen W. Peterson, Stephen A. Rehner, Fernando E. Vega Jan 2007

Inoculation Of Coffee Plants With The Fungal Entomopathogen Beauveria Bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), Francisco Posada, M. Catherine Aime, Stephen W. Peterson, Stephen A. Rehner, Fernando E. Vega

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana was established in coffee seedlings afterfungal spore suspensions were applied as foliar sprays, stem injections, or soil drenches. Direct injection yielded the highest post-inoculation recovery of endophytic B. bassiana. Establishment, based on percent recovery of B. bassiana, decreased as time post-inoculation increased in all treatments. Several other endophytes were isolated from the seedlings and could have negatively influenced establishment of B. bassiana. The recovery of B. bassiana from sites distant from the point of inoculation indicates that the fungus has thepotential to move throughout the plant.

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Reducing Non-Target Hazards Of Rodenticides In Forest Settings, Wendy M. Arjo, David T. Bryson Jan 2007

Reducing Non-Target Hazards Of Rodenticides In Forest Settings, Wendy M. Arjo, David T. Bryson

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Mammalian damage to forest resources is widespread and causes annual economic loss. Wildlife damage control is very important to the intensified land use practices and the economics of reforestation using seedlings. Reforestation areas provide ideal habitat for many wildlife species. However, animals negatively impact trees more severely during stand establishment than at any other time. While numerous non-lethal and lethal tools are available for large and medium-sized mammals, fewer tools are available for small mammals. The damage caused by these rodent species has in some cases warranted the use of rodenticides to control populations. Rodenticides are effective tools for reducing …

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Genetic Tagging Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer Using Hair Snares, Jerrold L. Belant, Thomas W. Seamans, David Paetkau Jan 2007

Genetic Tagging Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer Using Hair Snares, Jerrold L. Belant, Thomas W. Seamans, David Paetkau

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Use of noninvasive DNA-based tissue sampling (e.g., hair, scats) for individual identification in wildlife studies has increased markedly in recent years. Although field techniques for collecting hair samples have been developed for several species, we are unaware of their use with free-ranging ungulates. From December 2004 to August 2005 we evaluated the efficacy of barbed wire for snaring hair samples suitable for genetic analyses from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on trails and at baited sites. During initial trials on a semi-captive deer herd in northern Ohio, deer demonstrated avoidance of barbed wire positioned on game trails through four …

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Current And Historical Use Of Alpha-Chloralose On Wild Turkeys, David Bergman, Brian F. Wakeling, Timothy B. Veenendaal, John D. Eisemann, Thomas W. Seamans Jan 2007

Current And Historical Use Of Alpha-Chloralose On Wild Turkeys, David Bergman, Brian F. Wakeling, Timothy B. Veenendaal, John D. Eisemann, Thomas W. Seamans

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Alpha-chloralose (AC) has been used as an anesthetic since 1897 to capture or sedate wildlife, including waterfowl, wood-pigeon (Columba palumbus), and black bear (Ursus americana). The first use of AC in the United States was for the capture of house sparrows (Passer domesticus), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), and wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in 1964. Prior to the 1990s, AC was not registered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as an immobilizing agent in the United States for wild animals that might be used for human consumption. In …

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Management Strategies For Addressing Wildlife Disease Transmission: The Case For Fertility Control, Gary Killian, Kathleen Fagerstone, Terry Kreeger, Lowell Miller, Jack Rhyan Jan 2007

Management Strategies For Addressing Wildlife Disease Transmission: The Case For Fertility Control, Gary Killian, Kathleen Fagerstone, Terry Kreeger, Lowell Miller, Jack Rhyan

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Transmissible diseases among wildlife species, and between wildlife and domestic livestock, are a matter of increasing concern. A combination of approaches should be considered for controlling disease transmission. If a vaccine is available or can economically be developed for the disease, it should be used as the primary component of the disease management strategy. For example, development of an oral rabies vaccine has led to programs where baits are dispersed on a large scale in a barrier zone to prevent the spread of rabies. However, there are no vaccines available for many diseases and incentives are frequently not present for …

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Field Method For Analyzing Birds For Avicide 3-Chloro-P-Toluidine Hydrochloride, Jerome C. Hurley, Patricia A. Pipas, Shelagh K. Tupper, John L. Cummings, Randal S. Stahl Jan 2007

Field Method For Analyzing Birds For Avicide 3-Chloro-P-Toluidine Hydrochloride, Jerome C. Hurley, Patricia A. Pipas, Shelagh K. Tupper, John L. Cummings, Randal S. Stahl

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We developed a fast and simple method to detect presence or absence of DRC-1339 (CPTH: 3-Chloro-p-toluidine Hydrochloride) in birds that fed on DRC-1339 bait sites. We compared the effectiveness of the colorimetric method to the previously published analytical method using birds collected from DRC-1339 bait sites in Louisiana and Texas. We also conducted tests with caged red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) to determine if time from consumption of DRC-1339-treated bait to death and time from death to colorimetric analysis affected test results. The colorimetric assay was effective in detecting the presence or absence of DRC-1339 in birds …

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Rodenticide Use In Rodent Management In The United States: An Overview, Gary W. Witmer, John D. Eisemann Jan 2007

Rodenticide Use In Rodent Management In The United States: An Overview, Gary W. Witmer, John D. Eisemann

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Rodents occur worldwide and have adapted to most types of ecosystems. Rodents provide many important ecosystem functions and while most rodent species do not cause serious damage problems, a small number of species do. Rodent-caused damage includes crop and stored food consumption and contamination, forestry and nursery damage, rangeland damage, ornamental plant damage, property damage, cable and irrigation pipe damage, disease transmission, and, when introduced to islands, damage and even extinction of native flora and fauna. Many tools are used to reduce rodent populations and damage. Rodenticides are an especially important tool in rodent management. Many types of active ingredients …

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Lagomorph And Rodent Responses To Two Protein Hydrolysates, Julia A. Figueroa, Bruce A. Kimball, Kelly R. Perry Jan 2007

Lagomorph And Rodent Responses To Two Protein Hydrolysates, Julia A. Figueroa, Bruce A. Kimball, Kelly R. Perry

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Various species of rodents and lagomorphs were used in bioassays to determine the effectiveness of protein hydrolysates (specifically hydrolyzed casein and gelatin) as herbivore repellents. Mixed sex groups of captive rabbits, pocket gophers, voles, and mountain beavers were offered hydrolyzed casein or gelatin test diets in single-choice tests following a training period with a hydrolysate-free diet. The effectiveness of either hydrolyzed casein or gelatin was dependent on the species. Hydrolyzed casein was identified as an effective repellent for mountain beavers and pocket gophers as these species showed a strong avoidance of hydrolyzed casein diets. Rabbits demonstrated slightly higher avoidance of …

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Avian Use Of Rural Roadsides With Cattail (Typha Spp.), Bryan Safratowich, George M. Linz, William H. Bleier, H. Jeffrey Homan Jan 2007

Avian Use Of Rural Roadsides With Cattail (Typha Spp.), Bryan Safratowich, George M. Linz, William H. Bleier, H. Jeffrey Homan

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We surveyed 30 roadsides in North Dakota’s Prairie Pothole Region for birds and active nests between May and July 2001–2002. Each roadside transect was 1608 m and had ≥200 linear meters of standing cattail (Typha spp.). We recorded 45 bird species; four species of Icteridae dominated the avifauna. Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) were both the most abundant species and most abundant nester, averaging 53 birds/10 ha (SE = 7.7) and 30 nests/10 ha (SE = 9.7). Among non-icterid species, song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) and common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) ranked first and second consecutively …

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When Quantity Trumps Number: Discrimination Experiments In Cotton-Top Tamarins (Saguinus Oedipus) And Common Marmosets (Callithrix Jacchus), Jeffrey R. Stevens, Justin N. Wood, Marc D. Hauser Jan 2007

When Quantity Trumps Number: Discrimination Experiments In Cotton-Top Tamarins (Saguinus Oedipus) And Common Marmosets (Callithrix Jacchus), Jeffrey R. Stevens, Justin N. Wood, Marc D. Hauser

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The capacity for non-linguistic, numerical discrimination has been well characterized in non-human animals, with recent studies providing careful controls for nonnumerical confounds such as continuous extent, density, and quantity. More poorly understood are the conditions under which animals use numerical versus nonnumerical quantification, and the nature of the relation between these two systems. Here we test whether cotton- top tamarins and common marmosets can discriminate between two quantities on the basis of the amount of food rather than on number. In three experiments, we show that when choosing between arrays containing different numbers and sizes of food objects, both species …

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Functional Outcomes Of Cleft Lip Surgery. Part I: Study Design And Surgeon Ratings Of Lip Disability And Need For Lip Revision, Carroll-Ann Trotman, Ceib Phillips, Greg K. Essick, Julian J. Faraway, Steven M. Barlow, H. Wolfgang Losken, John Van Aalst, Lyna Rogers Jan 2007

Functional Outcomes Of Cleft Lip Surgery. Part I: Study Design And Surgeon Ratings Of Lip Disability And Need For Lip Revision, Carroll-Ann Trotman, Ceib Phillips, Greg K. Essick, Julian J. Faraway, Steven M. Barlow, H. Wolfgang Losken, John Van Aalst, Lyna Rogers

Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders: Faculty Publications

Objective—Children with a cleft of the upper lip exhibit obvious facial disfigurement. Many require multiple lip surgeries for an optimal esthetic result. However, because the decision for lip revision is based on subjective clinical criteria, clinicians may disagree on whether these surgeries should be performed. To establish more reliable, functionally relevant outcome criteria for evaluation and treatment planning, a clinical trial currently is in progress. In this article, the design of the clinical trial is described and results of a study on subjective evaluations of facial form by surgeons for or against the need for lip revision surgery are presented. …

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Passive Aerobic Treatment Of Net-Alkaline, Iron-Laden Drainage From A Flooded Underground Anthracite Mine, Pennsylvania, Usa, Charles A. Cravotta Iii Jan 2007

Passive Aerobic Treatment Of Net-Alkaline, Iron-Laden Drainage From A Flooded Underground Anthracite Mine, Pennsylvania, Usa, Charles A. Cravotta Iii

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

This report evaluates the results of a continuous 4.5-day laboratory aeration experiment and the first year of passive, aerobic treatment of abandoned mine drainage (AMD) from a typical flooded underground anthracite mine in eastern Pennsylvania, USA. During 1991–2006, the AMD source, locally known as the Otto Discharge, had flows from 20 to 270 L/s (median 92 L/s) and water quality that was consistently suboxic (median 0.9 mg/L O2) and circumneutral (pH ~ 6.0; net alkalinity >10) with moderate concentrations of dissolved iron and manganese and low concentrations of dissolved aluminum (medians of 11, 2.2, and <0.2 mg/L, respectively). In 2001, the laboratory aeration experiment demonstrated rapid oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe2+) without …

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Late Cenozoic Climate Changes In China’S Western Interior: A Review Of Research On Lake Qinghai And Comparison With Other Records, Steven M. Colman, Shi-Yong Yua, Zhisheng Anc, Ji Shend, A.C.G. Henderson Jan 2007

Late Cenozoic Climate Changes In China’S Western Interior: A Review Of Research On Lake Qinghai And Comparison With Other Records, Steven M. Colman, Shi-Yong Yua, Zhisheng Anc, Ji Shend, A.C.G. Henderson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We review Late Cenozoic climate and environment changes in the western interior of China with an emphasis on lacustrine records from Lake Qinghai. Widespread deposition of red clay in the marginal basins of the Tibetan Plateau indicates that the Asian monsoon system was initially established by ~8 Ma, when the plateau reached a threshold altitude. Subsequent strengthening of the winter monsoon, along with the establishment of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, reflects a long-term trend of global cooling. The few cores from the Tibetan Plateau that reach back a million years suggest that they record the mid-Pleistocene transition from glacial …

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Soil Nematode Communities Are Ecologically More Mature Beneath Late- Than Early-Successional Stage Biological Soil Crusts, Brian J. Darby, Deborah A. Neher, Jayne Belnap Jan 2007

Soil Nematode Communities Are Ecologically More Mature Beneath Late- Than Early-Successional Stage Biological Soil Crusts, Brian J. Darby, Deborah A. Neher, Jayne Belnap

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Biological soil crusts are key mediators of carbon and nitrogen inputs for arid land soils and often represent a dominant portion of the soil surface cover in arid lands. Free-living soil nematode communities reflect their environment and have been used as biological indicators of soil condition. In this study, we test the hypothesis that nematode communities are successionally more mature beneath well-developed, late-successional stage crusts than immature, early-successional stage crusts. We identified and enumerated nematodes by genus from beneath early- and late-stage crusts from both the Colorado Plateau, Utah (cool, winter rain desert) and Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico (hot, summer …

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A New Species Of Nectar-Feeding Bat, Genus Lonchophylla, From Western Colombia And Western Ecuador (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), Neal Woodman Jan 2007

A New Species Of Nectar-Feeding Bat, Genus Lonchophylla, From Western Colombia And Western Ecuador (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), Neal Woodman

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The twelve recognized species of nectar-feeding bats of the genus Lonchophylla occur in low- and middle-elevation, humid, Neotropical forests. Morphological and morphometrical analyses of specimens formerly lumped with Lonchophylla mordax O. Thomas (1903) support recognition of Lonchophylla concava Goldman (1914) as a separate species and reveal a third species from the western Pacific lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador that I describe herein as Lonchophylla fornicata. This new species is morphologically similar to Lonchophylla concava but is distinctively larger than that species. Tests for sexual dimorphism within these and other species of Lonchophyllini suggest a tendency for females to have …

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Evidence Of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline Leukemia Virus, And Toxoplasma Gondii In Feral Cats On Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Raymond M. Danner, Daniel M. Goltz, Steven C. Hess, Paul C. Banko Jan 2007

Evidence Of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline Leukemia Virus, And Toxoplasma Gondii In Feral Cats On Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Raymond M. Danner, Daniel M. Goltz, Steven C. Hess, Paul C. Banko

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We determined prevalence to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies, feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen, and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in feral cats (Felis catus) on Mauna Kea Hawaii from April 2002 to May 2004. Six of 68 (8.8%) and 11 of 68 (16.2%) cats were antibody positive to FIV and antigen positive for FeLV, respectively; 25 of 67 (37.3%) cats were seropositive to T. gondii. Antibodies to FeLV and T. gondii occurred in all age and sex classes, but FIV occurred only in adult males. Evidence of current or previous infections with two of these infectious agents was …

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Sexual Selection Drives Speciation In An Amazonian Frog, Kathryn E. Boul, W. Chris Funk, Catherine R. Darst, David C. Cannatella, Michael J. Ryan Jan 2007

Sexual Selection Drives Speciation In An Amazonian Frog, Kathryn E. Boul, W. Chris Funk, Catherine R. Darst, David C. Cannatella, Michael J. Ryan

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

One proposed mechanism of speciation is divergent sexual selection, whereby divergence in female preferences and male signals results in behavioural isolation. Despite the appeal of this hypothesis, evidence for it remains inconclusive. Here, we present several lines of evidence that sexual selection is driving behavioural isolation and speciation among populations of an Amazonian frog (Physalaemus petersi). First, sexual selection has promoted divergence in male mating calls and female preferences for calls between neighbouring populations, resulting in strong behavioural isolation. Second, phylogenetic analysis indicates that populations have become fixed for alternative call types several times throughout the species’ range, …

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Territoriality, Prospecting, And Dispersal In Cooperatively Breeding Micronesian Kingfishers (Todiramphus Cinnamominus Reichenbachii), Dylan C. Kesler, Susan M. Haig Jan 2007

Territoriality, Prospecting, And Dispersal In Cooperatively Breeding Micronesian Kingfishers (Todiramphus Cinnamominus Reichenbachii), Dylan C. Kesler, Susan M. Haig

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We investigated territoriality, prospecting, and dispersal behavior in cooperatively breeding Pohnpei Micronesian Kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii) throughout the annual cycle using radiotelemetry and color-band resights. Mean home-range size was 6.3 ha and territories were 8.1 ha. Within territories, Micronesian Kingfishers shared 63% of their home-range space with coterritorial occupants, and 3% was shared with extraterritorial conspecifics. Birds on cooperative territories had larger home ranges that overlapped more with coterritory occupants’ home ranges than birds in pair-held territories. Despite evidence suggesting that resources necessary for survival and reproduction occurred on each territory, Micronesian Kingfishers of all age and sex …

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Multiscale Habitat Use And Selection In Cooperatively Breeding Micronesian Kingfishers, Dylan C. Kesler, Susan M. Haig Jan 2007

Multiscale Habitat Use And Selection In Cooperatively Breeding Micronesian Kingfishers, Dylan C. Kesler, Susan M. Haig

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Information about the interaction between behavior and landscape resources is key to directing conservation management for endangered species. We studied multi-scale occurrence, habitat use, and selection in a cooperatively breeding population of Micronesian kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus) on the island of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. At the landscape level, point-transect surveys resulted in kingfisher detection frequencies that were higher than those reported in 1994, although they remained 15–40% lower than 1983 indices. Integration of spatially explicit vegetation information with survey results indicated that kingfisher detections were positively associated with the amount of wet forest and grass–urban vegetative cover, …

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Microsatellite Loci For Distinguishing Spotted Owls (Strix Occidentalis), Barred Owls (Strix Varia), And Their Hybrids, W. Chris Funk, Thomas D. Mullins, Eric D. Forsman, Susan M. Haig Jan 2007

Microsatellite Loci For Distinguishing Spotted Owls (Strix Occidentalis), Barred Owls (Strix Varia), And Their Hybrids, W. Chris Funk, Thomas D. Mullins, Eric D. Forsman, Susan M. Haig

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We identified four diagnostic microsatellite loci that distinguish spotted owls (Strix occidentalis), barred owls (Strix varia), F1 hybrids and backcrosses. Thirty-four out of 52 loci tested (65.4%) successfully amplified, and four of these loci (11.8%) had allele sizes that did not overlap between spotted and barred owls. The probability of correctly identifying a backcross with these four loci is 0.875. Genotyping potential hybrid owls with these markers revealed that field identifications were often wrong. Given the difficulty of identifying hybrids in the field, these markers will be useful for hybrid identification, law enforcement and spotted …

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Biomonitoring Of Lead, Zinc, And Cadmium In Streams Draining Lead-Mining And Non-Mining Areas, Southeast Missouri, Usa, John M. Besser, William G. Brumbaugh, Thomas W. May, Christopher J. Schmitt Jan 2007

Biomonitoring Of Lead, Zinc, And Cadmium In Streams Draining Lead-Mining And Non-Mining Areas, Southeast Missouri, Usa, John M. Besser, William G. Brumbaugh, Thomas W. May, Christopher J. Schmitt

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We evaluated exposure of aquatic biota to lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) in streams draining a Pb-mining district in southeast Missouri. Samples of plant biomass (detritus, periphyton, and filamentous algae), invertebrates (snails, crayfish, and riffle benthos), and two taxa of fish were collected from seven sites closest to mining areas (mining sites), four sites further downstream from mining (downstream sites), and eight reference sites in fall 2001. Samples of plant biomass from mining sites had highest metal concentrations, with means 10- to 60- times greater than those for reference sites. Mean metal concentrations in over 90% of samples …

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Evaluation Of Potentially Nonlethal Sampling Methods For Monitoring Mercury Concentrations In Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus Dolomieu), Christopher J. Schmitt, W. G. Brumbaugh Jan 2007

Evaluation Of Potentially Nonlethal Sampling Methods For Monitoring Mercury Concentrations In Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus Dolomieu), Christopher J. Schmitt, W. G. Brumbaugh

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We evaluated three potentially nonlethal alternatives to fillet sampling for the determination of mercury (Hg) concentrations in smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu). Fish (n = 62, 226–464 mm total length) from six sites in southern Missouri were captured by electrofishing. Blood samples (1 mL) from each fish were obtained by caudal veinipuncture with a heparinized needle and syringe. Biopsy needle (10 mm x 14 gauge; three cuts per fish; 10–20 mg total dry weight) and biopsy punch (7 mm x 5 mm in diameter, one plug per fish, 30–50 mg dry weight) samples were obtained from the area beneath …

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Research Note: Hymenolepis Horrida (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) And Catenotaenia Peromysci (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) In Voles From The Canadian Rockies, Yeen Ten Hwang, Scott Lyell Gardner, John S. Millar Jan 2007

Research Note: Hymenolepis Horrida (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) And Catenotaenia Peromysci (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) In Voles From The Canadian Rockies, Yeen Ten Hwang, Scott Lyell Gardner, John S. Millar

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Cestodes from Clethrionomys gapperi (n=34) and Microtus longicaudus (n=8) from Kootenay National Park, British Columbia, Canada are reported. Two species of cestodes, Hymenolepis horrida (sensu lato) and Catenotaenia peromysci, were found in Clethrionomys gapperi, and one species of cestode, H. horrida, was found in Microtus longicaudus. Clethrionomys gapperi represents a new host record for C. peromysci. The Canadian Rockies is a new locality record for both cestode species.

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Development And Pilot Testing Of An Omega-3 Fatty Acid Food Frequency Questionnaire, Paula K. Ritter-Gooder, Nancy M. Lewis, Kimberly Barber-Heidal, Megan Waltz-Hill Jan 2007

Development And Pilot Testing Of An Omega-3 Fatty Acid Food Frequency Questionnaire, Paula K. Ritter-Gooder, Nancy M. Lewis, Kimberly Barber-Heidal, Megan Waltz-Hill

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential to health and provide cardio-protective benefits. To estimate omega-3 fatty acid dietary intake, we developed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and pilot tested its reliability and validity in a convenience sample of cardiac patients in the Midwest. The FFQ was developed using the USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference and the ESHA Food Processor, ESHA Research, Salem, Oregon. Three 24-h recalls and two administrations of the FFQ two weeks apart were obtained by a dietitian by phone and home visit from 28 volunteers. Pearson correlation was used to assess the association between food recalls …

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Feeding Drosophila A Biotin-Deficient Diet For Multiple Generations Increases Stress Resistance And Lifespan And Alters Gene Expression And Histone Biotinylation Patterns, Erin M. Smith, Jia Tse Hoi, Joel C. Eissenberg, James D. Shoemaker, Wendi S. Neckameyer, Anne M. Ilvarsonn, Lawrence G. Harshman, Vicki L. Schlegel, Janos Zempleni Jan 2007

Feeding Drosophila A Biotin-Deficient Diet For Multiple Generations Increases Stress Resistance And Lifespan And Alters Gene Expression And Histone Biotinylation Patterns, Erin M. Smith, Jia Tse Hoi, Joel C. Eissenberg, James D. Shoemaker, Wendi S. Neckameyer, Anne M. Ilvarsonn, Lawrence G. Harshman, Vicki L. Schlegel, Janos Zempleni

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Caloric restriction increases stress resistance and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster and other species. The roles of individual nutrients in stress resistance and longevity are largely unknown. The vitamin biotin is a potential candidate for mediating these effects, given its known roles in stress signaling and gene regulation by epigenetic mechanisms, i.e., biotinylation of histones. Here, we tested the hypothesis that prolonged culture of Drosophila on biotin-deficient medium increases stress resistance and lifespan. Flies were fed a biotin-deficient diet for multiple generations; controls were fed a biotin-normal diet. In some experiments, a third group of flies was fed a biotin-deficient diet …

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