Digital Commons Network^™

National Security, Christopher B. Hynes, Carrie Newton Lyons, Andrew Weber

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

International Antitrust, Fiona Schaeffer, Christopher Roberts, Idit Froim, Marisa Leto, Claire Webb, Alfredo L. Rovira, Maria José Rodriguez Macias, Paul Schoff, Jackie Mortensen, Mário Nogueira, Tânia Falbo, Ricardo Inglez De Souza, Peter Franklyn, Geoffrey Macdonald, Peter Glossop, Claudio Lizana, Marcos Ríos, Lorena Pavic, Peter J. Wang, Jack J.T. Huang, Yizhe Zhang, Cyrille Genevois, Andreas Weigbrecht, Susanne Zuehlke, Simon Powell, Brian Pong, Gerald Fitzgerald, Philip Andrews, David E. Tadmor, David Gideoni, Tal Arad, Alberto Pera, Vergilio D'Elia, Shigeyoshi Ezaki, James M. Minamoto, Gabriel Castañeda, Andrew Peterson, I.Y. Artemyev, A.G. Sushkevich, Vani Chetty, Sae Ree Yun, Youngjin Jung, Susana Cabrera, Vera Sopeña, John Lin, Thomas Heide, Eleanor Ritchie, David Yolkut

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

Africa, Roland Abeng, Sajalieu Bah, David Bamlango, Edna Udobong, Elizabeth Barad, James Feroli

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

International Mergers And Acquisitions, Marcelo Bombau, Marcelo Pozzetti, Zeke Solomon, Andrew Finch, Katrien Vorlat, Marcelo Freitas Pereira, Ken Ottenbreit, Kruti Patel, Kamal Sultanpuri, Michele Mario Nascimbene, Carlos Freaner, Francisco Velázquez, Lennaert Posch, Torsten Bogen, Robin Wittering, Michael Copeland, Florian S. Jörg, Malcolm Lombers, Josh Cammaker, Rachel Wilson, Jorge Acedo Prato

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

Asset-Backed Securitization In China, Yuwa Wei

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

No abstract provided.

Commentaries On The Genocide Convention: A Reintroduction To Nehemiah Robinson, Donald M. Ferencz

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

The Doctrine Of The Inter-American Court Of Human Rights Regarding States' Duty To Punish Human Rights Violations And Its Dangers, Fernando Felipe Basch

American University International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Military Commissions: The Forgotten Reconstruction Chapter, Detlev F. Vagts

American University International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Jus Post Bellum: Mapping The Discipline(S) , Carsten Stahn

American University International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Activism And Darfur: Slowly Driving Policy Change, Colin Thomas-Jensen, Julia Spiegel

Fordham International Law Journal

This article describes citizen activism about the situation in Darfur. Part I describes the birth of the activist movement. Part II describes the foundations and growth of the movement. Part III describes the movement in more detail and details govenrment responses as a result of this movement. Parts IV and V look towards the future.

Non-Horizontal Mergers: A European Perspective, Carles Esteva Mosso

Fordham International Law Journal

In the last few years, the assessment of non-horizontal mergers in the European Union (“EU”) has evolved considerably. There is now a consistent body of jurisprudence and administrative decisions on the assessment of vertical and conglomerate concentrations. The goal pursued is consumer welfare; the potential benefits of non-horizontal mergers are recognized and sound economic thinking is relied upon in identifying those instances where such mergers could lead to anti-competitive effects. Several developments have significantly contributed to this evolution. Two judgments of the European Courts have necessarily to be mentioned first: in 2004 the European Court of Justice (“ECJ”) established general …

What To Do When Your Income Drops, Debra Pankow

FE Series – Family Economics/HDFS

No abstract provided.

Healthy, Wealthy And Whys, Debra Pankow, Jane U. Edwards

FE Series – Family Economics/HDFS

No abstract provided.

Cost Of Diabetes Care In Out-Patient Clinics Of Karachi, Pakistan, Liaquat A. Khowaja, Ali K. Khuwaja, Peter Cosgrove

Community Health Sciences

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a growing epidemic and the cost of treating diabetes is largely increasing. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost-of-illness of DM among attendees of out-patient clinics in Karachi, Pakistan. This is the first study conducted from a societal perspective to estimate the cost of managing diabetes in Pakistan.Methods: A prevalence-based 'Cost-of-Illness' study for diabetes care was conducted in six different out-patient clinics of Karachi, Pakistan from July to September 2006. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered to collect the data from 345 randomly selected persons with diabetes.Results: The annual mean direct cost for …

Maternal Characteristics In Relation To Income In A Semi-Rural Community In Pakistan, A R. Siddiqui

Community Health Sciences

Women's health and socioeconomic status is fundamental to development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of monthly household income with demographic, nutritional and social characteristics in women living in a semi-rural location near Karachi. Thus 1111 mothers with at least 1 child under 5 years of age were interviewed. Self-reported monthly income was positively associated with gravidity, mid upper-arm circumference, cooking frequency per day and self and spousal literacy; it was negatively associated with number of occupants per room, wood used as cooking fuel, and spouse in a skilled occupation. Income is dependent on non-income factors …

Women's Empowerment And Health: The Role Of Institutions Of Power In Pakistan, N Qureshi, B T. Shaikh

Community Health Sciences

Women's right to health has been reiterated many times. However, there are social and cultural barriers in developing countries that hinder their empowerment. Women's low status, deprivation of education and lack of control over their own lives and bodies have a negative impact on their health status and that of their families. This paper discusses women's empowerment and health within the framework of the 4 institutions of power in a society-family, community, health care systems and the state--with special reference to the situation in Pakistan. It concludes that to improve women's health status, concerted efforts are needed by all these …

Correlates Of Cigarette Smoking Among Male College Students In Karachi, Pakistan, Shafquat Rozi, Zahid A. Butt, Saeed Akhtar

Community Health Sciences

Background: About 1.3 billion people are regular smokers world wide and every day between 8,200 and 9,900 young people start to smoke, risking rapid addiction to nicotine. Transition from high school to college is a critical period to adopt healthy habits and life style. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that might influence their smoking habit. Our study aims to assess the influence of factors that encourage college students to smoke cigarettes.Methods: The data used in this survey were obtained from a representative sample of registered colleges of Karachi. A random sample of 576 male college students of …

Prevalence And Predictors Of Smokeless Tobacco Use Among High-School Males In Karachi, Pakistan, S Rozi, S Akhtar

Community Health Sciences

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 towns in Karachi, Pakistan to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with the use of smokeless tobacco among 772 high-school adolescent males. A structured questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic factors and history of cigarette and smokeless tobacco use. Prevalence of smokeless tobacco use (gutka, snuff, niswar) was 16.1% (95% CI: 13.5%-18.9%). On multiple logistic regression analysis, the factors significantly related to smokeless tobacco use among the sample were: attending government school [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 6.3], smoking cigarettes (OR 3.2), not seeing anti-tobacco advertisements (OR 1.5), family history of tobacco use (OR …

Noncommunicable Diseases And Injuries: Action Needed In South Asia Too, Ali Khan Khuwaja, Riaz Qureshi, Zafar Fatmi

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

Knowledge And Beliefs Of Adolescents Regarding Sexually Transmitted Infections And Hiv/Aids In A Rural District In Pakistan, Hafsa Raheel, Franklin White, Muhammad Masood Kadir, Zafar Fatmi

Community Health Sciences

Objective:

To assess the knowledge and beliefs of adolescents (15-19 years girls and boys) regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS.

Methods:

A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted in October 2002 in a rural district (Mirpurkhas) of Sindh province, Pakistan.

Results:

A total of 428 adolescent girls and boys were interviewed. Only 44% correctly named at least one STI, while 55% knew at least two modes of transmission for HIV/AIDS. Adolescents with education greater than or equal to secondary level, those who were able to read the newspaper, possessed electricity in their homes and were allowed to meet their …

Introduction: Visual Communication In Life Sciences, Kathryn M. Northcut

English and Technical Communication Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Review Of Martin Willis And Catherine Wynne, Eds., Victorian Literary Mesmerism And Martin Willis, Mesmerists, Monsters, And Machines: Science Fiction And The Cultures Of Science In The Nineteenth Century, Kristine Swenson

English and Technical Communication Faculty Research & Creative Works

The article reviews two books including "Victorian Literary Mesmerism," edited by Martin Willis and Catherine Wynne, and "Mesmerists, Monsters and Machines: Science Fiction and the Cultures of Science in the Nineteenth Century," by Martin Willis.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Ptsd) In Children Following Acute Injuries Requiring Emergency Medical Care, Virginia Depp Cline

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Unfortunately, one rite of passage of childhood is often serious injury that carries psychological impact along with the obvious physical repercussions. Prior studies have found conflicting results for protective/risk factors, thus this study attempted to explore PTSD in a sample of children ages seven to thirteen years of age with moderate to severe injuries. In this study (N = 32), 31.3% of children experiencing such a sudden injury requiring hospitalization at the University of Kentucky Childrens Hospital demonstrated significant indications of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following the injury. Several pre, peri, and post-trauma variables from during the childs hospitalization to …

Simulations-Guided Design Of Process Analytical Sensor Using Molecular Factor Computing, Bin Dai

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Many areas of science now generate huge volumes of data that present visualization, modeling, and interpretation challenges. Methods for effectively representing the original data in a reduced coordinate space are therefore receiving much attention. The purpose of this research is to test the hypothesis that molecular computing of vectors for transformation matrices enables spectra to be represented in any arbitrary coordinate system. New coordinate systems are selected to reduce the dimensionality of the spectral hyperspace and simplify the mechanical/electrical/computational construction of a spectrometer. A novel integrated sensing and processing system, termed Molecular Factor Computing (MFC) based near infrared (NIR) spectrometer, …

Sorbitol Dehydrogenase Expression In Apple Fruit, Marta Nosarzewski

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Sorbitol, the primary photosynthate and translocated carbohydrate in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.), is converted to fructose by SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE (SDH; EC 1.1.1.14) which is active in apple fruit throughout fruit development. Apple fruit set and early development is very sensitive to carbohydrate availability, but details on carbohydrate metabolism during this phase are limited. The first objective of this work was to determine if SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE, the primary enzyme responsible for metabolism of the major phloem-transported carbohydrate sorbitol, is present and active during apple fruit set and early development. The second objective of this work was to determine if SDH …

New Developments In Cyclized Arsenic And Antimony Thiolates, Taimur A. Shaikh

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

There is a continued interest in the properties of arsenic thiolate compounds for both industrial and biological uses. Recent discoveries in the medicinal properties of such compounds have resulted in a sustained need for the synthesis of new dithiarsolane compounds for research as anti-leukemic compounds. Close analogues of the 2-halo arsenic dithiolates, namely those with an arsenic-carbon bond instead of an arsenic-halide bond, have recently been shown to have some efficacy towards leukemia cells. Based on the hydrolytic character and the active role of glutathione with arsenic in vivo, the compounds reported here may also have such activity. Arsenic compounds …

Integrated Approach To The Superplastic Forming Of Magnesium Alloys, Fadi K. Abu-Farha

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The economical and environmental issues associated with fossil fuels have been urging the automotive industry to cut the fuel consumption and exhaust emission levels, mainly by reducing the weight of vehicles. However, customers increasing demands for safer, more powerful and luxurious vehicles have been adding more weight to the various categories of vehicles, even the smallest ones. Leading car manufacturers have shown that significant weight reduction, yet satisfying the growing demands of customers, would not be feasible without the extensive use of lightweight materials. Magnesium is the lightest constructional metal on earth, offering a great potential for weight-savings. However, magnesium …

Targeting Axon Growth From Neurons Transplantedinto The Central Nervous System, Kristine S. Ziemba

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Damage to the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS), either by traumatic injury or disease, usually results in permanent sensory and/or motor deficits. Regeneration of neural circuits is limited both by the lack of growthpromoting molecules and by the presence of growth-inhibitory molecules in the mature brain and spinal cord. The research described here examines the therapeutic potential of viral vectors and neuronal transplants to reconstruct damaged neural pathways in the CNS. Experimental neural transplantation techniques often fall short of expectations because of limited transplant survival and insufficient neurite outgrowth to repair connections and induce behavioral recovery. These shortcomings are …

Neonatal Immune Modulation To Improve Pneumocystis Clearance, Kerry Mcgarr Empey

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes lifethreatening pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. Infants appear to be particularly susceptible to Pneumocystis (PC) pulmonary infections. The higher incidence of PC as well as other pulmonary infections among infants is likely due to an immature immune system. The neonatal lung environment is deficient immunologically in preterm as well as term infants (1, 2). Decreased phagocytic capacity of macrophages in newborns may increase the risk of infection from inhaled pathogens (1, 2). We have previously demonstrated that there is approximately a 3-week delay in the clearance of PC organisms from pup mouse …

Spectroscopy And Structures Of Cu-Organonitrogen Complexes, Xu Wang

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Copper-organonitrogen complexes are studied by threshold photoionization and zero electron kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy. These complexes are prepared in pulsed laser vaporization supersonic molecular beams. Adiabatic ionization energies of the neutral species and vibrational frequencies of the neutral and ionic complexes were measured. Metal-ligand bond dissociation energies were obtained from the theoretical calculations or the experiments. More importantly, by combining the spectroscopic measurements, quantum chemical calculations, and spectral simulations, metal-ligand bonding structures are determined for copper complexes of diamines, pyridine, diazines, aminopyridines, polypyridines, and imidazole. The Cu-ethylenediamine, -(1,3-propanediamine), and -(1,4-butenediamine) complexes have been determined to be in a hydrogen-bond stabilized …