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2007

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The Importance Of Ideas: An A Priori Critical Juncture Framework, John Hogan Dec 2007

The Importance Of Ideas: An A Priori Critical Juncture Framework, John Hogan

Articles

This paper sets out an improved framework for examining critical junctures. This framework, while rigorous and broadly applicable and an advance on the frameworks currently employed, primarily seeks to incorporate an a priori element. Until now the frameworks utilized in examining critical junctures were entirely postdictive. Adding a predictive element to the concept will constitute a significant advance. The new framework, and its predictive element, termed the “differentiating factor,” is tested here in examining macro-economic crises and subsequent changes in macro-economic policy, in America and Sweden.

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Proposed Database Image Index Key Extracting Algorithm Based On Image Contents (Iike), Emad K., Adulmunea'm S. Rhama Dec 2007

Proposed Database Image Index Key Extracting Algorithm Based On Image Contents (Iike), Emad K., Adulmunea'm S. Rhama

Iraqi Journal of Computers, Communications, Control and Systems Engineering

The images have large amount of information and they are important object in modern database system, so there is a great need for efficient image indexing key as access and retrieval tool. In database systems the index key is an attribute which has unique value for all tuples of the relation by “ name“ , “ numbers“ or any codes, this key aids to identify the tuples. In archive system a vast amount of digital images it is very necessary to find unique image index key to store it corresponding to its image and can use it to retrieval documents. …

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Malicious Mobile Code Related Experiments With An Extensible Network Simulator, Attila Ondi Dec 2007

Malicious Mobile Code Related Experiments With An Extensible Network Simulator, Attila Ondi

Theses and Dissertations

The automated spread of worms such as Code-Red, SQL/Slammer, and Nimda have caused costly problems to computers connected to the Internet. Even users whose machines were not vulnerable to these threats suffered a loss of productivity and experienced great frustration as connectivity and network traffic were negatively impacted during outbreaks. Although the number of new worm attacks reported in the media seems to be declining, it is vital that researchers study the effects of malicious code on the global network to understand how to defend against future threats. The choice of system for studying the spread of worms and viruses …

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Accessibility Of Wvu Websites For Individuals With Vision Impairments, Sarah Jacobin Dec 2007

Accessibility Of Wvu Websites For Individuals With Vision Impairments, Sarah Jacobin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recently, several major corporations have been sued because their websites are inaccessible to individuals with disabilities. For a website to be accessible, people with disabilities should be able to navigate and interact with the site. Individuals who are blind or have vision impairments have difficulty accessing websites because they commonly use assistive technology to interpret content. This study is the first comprehensive study assessing the accessibility of WVU websites for individuals with disabilities, specifically individuals with visual impairments and comparing those results to those of two comparable universities in other areas of the country. Compliance with specifications of website accessibility …

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The Long-Term Teratogenic Effect Of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure On The Somatosensory And Motor Cortex Of Rats, Tyson Chappell Dec 2007

The Long-Term Teratogenic Effect Of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure On The Somatosensory And Motor Cortex Of Rats, Tyson Chappell

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

The primary goal of this dissertation was to examine the long-term effect of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on the primary somatosensory (SI) and primary motor cortex (MI). For over 30 years, PAE has been shown to produce a triad of symptoms (growth deficits, craniofacial dysmorphologies and central nervous system disruptions) diagnosed as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in children and adults. Since low to moderate levels of prenatal alcohol exposure are less likely to produce FAS symptoms in children, the term “PAE” in this dissertation typically refers to heavy/abusive/chronic levels of prenatal alcohol exposure (in humans this equates to 5+ drinks/per …

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The Empire Of Illness: Competence And Coercion In Health-Care Decision Making, Marsha Garrison Dec 2007

The Empire Of Illness: Competence And Coercion In Health-Care Decision Making, Marsha Garrison

William & Mary Law Review

The law's willingness to take account of factors that interfere with volition tends to vary in accordance with its underlying goals. The law of wills is dominated by the principle of freedom of testation; it has thus developed doctrines aimed at detecting coercive influences that interfere with the testator's free agency. The law of medical decision making, dominated by the analogous principle of patient autonomy, has not developed doctrines aimed at detecting coercive influences despite a large and growing body of evidence showing that disordered insight and major depression, two common medical conditions, often have a coercive, negative effect on …

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Homerus Lex: Investigating American Legal Culture Through The Lens Of The Simpsons, Kimberlianne Podlas Dec 2007

Homerus Lex: Investigating American Legal Culture Through The Lens Of The Simpsons, Kimberlianne Podlas

Seton Hall Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law

No abstract provided.

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Delivery Outcomes At Term After One Previous Cesarean Section, Tarik Y. Yamani-Zamzami Dec 2007

Delivery Outcomes At Term After One Previous Cesarean Section, Tarik Y. Yamani-Zamzami

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To determine the maternal and perinatal outcomes at term in women with one previous cesarean delivery and with no history of vaginal birth. METHODS: This is a case-control study conducted at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2002. One hundred sixty-two women with one previous cesarean delivery and with no previous vaginal birth were compared with 324 control women. RESULTS: The cesarean section rate was higher in the study group 40 (24.7%) versus 23 (7.1%) in the control group and was statistically significant (p<0.001). Seventeen (10.5%) were induced with prostaglandin E2, and 33 (20.4%) required labor augmentation with oxytocin in the study, versus 22 (6.8%) and 21 (6.5%) in the control group. The duration of labor was longer in the study women compared to the control group (7.6 ± 3.0 hours versus 6.0 ± 2.3 hours), and this was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was one uterine dehiscence, and 2 uterine ruptures in the study women, and none in the control group. Eight (1.65%) women had postpartum hemorrhage, 3 (0.62%) needed blood transfusion, and 7 (1.44%) developed postpartum pyrexia. CONCLUSION: Women with no a prior history of vaginal delivery are considered less favorable, the vaginal birth after cesarean section success rate may be even lower if the indication for previous primary cesarean delivery was failure to progress, and may be associated with increased risk of uterine rupture. Further study is required to confirm our findings.

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Executive Functioning And Memory Performance In Adhd And Asperger's Syndrome, Kristi A. Walen Dec 2007

Executive Functioning And Memory Performance In Adhd And Asperger's Syndrome, Kristi A. Walen

Theses and Dissertations

The diagnosis of ADHD requires the exclusionary criteria for any Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), making it impossible to have comorbid disorders. This study investigated executive function and memory differences between 11 children with Asperger’s syndrome, 13 children with ADHD, and 36 controls, all ranging in age from 7-16 years. Executive function was assessed using Conner’s Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), Tower of London Task (TOL), Trail Making Test, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF), Grooved Pegboard Test, and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). Memory was assessed using a subtest from the Wide Range Assessment of Memory …

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Bias On The Bench: Raising The Bar For U.S. Immigration Judges To Ensure Equality For Asylum Seekers, Lindsey R. Vaala Dec 2007

Bias On The Bench: Raising The Bar For U.S. Immigration Judges To Ensure Equality For Asylum Seekers, Lindsey R. Vaala

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Spatial And Temporal Analysis Of Pharmaceutical Concentrations And Chitobiase Activity In The Upper Tennessee River, Justin M. Conley Dec 2007

Spatial And Temporal Analysis Of Pharmaceutical Concentrations And Chitobiase Activity In The Upper Tennessee River, Justin M. Conley

Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Tennessee currently has the 3rd highest per capita prescription drug usage rate in the United States, yet no published studies have analyzed Tennessee surface waters for the presence of pharmaceuticals. Composite surface samples were collected upstream and downstream of sewage treatment plants and at the inflow of major tributaries to the Tennessee River to determine the presence and potential sources of pharmaceuticals. Subsurface samples were collected at 7 meters depth to determine differences in occurrence and potential natural degradation. All samples were collected once during each of the four seasons (winter, spring, summer, and fall) to determine yearly variations. Aliquots …

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The Impending Health Care Crisis In Texas: The Status Of Health Care For Impoverished Texans., Raj Aujla Dec 2007

The Impending Health Care Crisis In Texas: The Status Of Health Care For Impoverished Texans., Raj Aujla

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

Abstract Forthcoming.

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Beyond Foraging: Behavioral Science And The Future Of Institutional Economics, Alexander J. Field Dec 2007

Beyond Foraging: Behavioral Science And The Future Of Institutional Economics, Alexander J. Field

Economics

Institutions affect economic outcomes, but variation in them cannot be directly linked to environmental factors such as geography, climate, or technological availabilities. Game theoretic approaches, based as they typically are on foraging only assumptions, do not provide an adequate foundation for understanding the intervening role of politics and ideology; nor does the view that culture and institutions are entirely socially constructed. Understanding what institutions are and how they influence behavior requires an approach that is in part biological, focusing on cognitive and behavioral adaptations for social interaction favored in the past by group selection. These adaptations, along with their effects …

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Still Square Pegs In Round Holes? A Look At Ancsa Corporations, Corporate Governance, And Indeterminate Form Or Operation Of Legal Entities, Douglas M. Branson Dec 2007

Still Square Pegs In Round Holes? A Look At Ancsa Corporations, Corporate Governance, And Indeterminate Form Or Operation Of Legal Entities, Douglas M. Branson

Alaska Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Is The Office Closed? The Role Of The Office Of Victims’ Rights After Cooper V. District Court, Richard Allen Dec 2007

Is The Office Closed? The Role Of The Office Of Victims’ Rights After Cooper V. District Court, Richard Allen

Alaska Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Sustaining The Peace After Civil War, T. David Mason Dr. Dec 2007

Sustaining The Peace After Civil War, T. David Mason Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Since the end of World War II, there have been four times as many civil wars as interstate wars. For a small subset of nations civil war is a chronic condition: about half of the civil war nations have had at least two and as many as six conflicts. This book presents an analytical framework that has been used to identify a set of factors that make civil war more or less likely to recur in a nation where a civil war has recently terminated. The outcome of the previous civil war--whether it ended in a government victory, a rebel …

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Sustaining The Peace After Civil War, T. David Mason Dr. Dec 2007

Sustaining The Peace After Civil War, T. David Mason Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Since the end of World War II, there have been four times as many civil wars as interstate wars. For a small subset of nations civil war is a chronic condition: about half of the civil war nations have had at least two and as many as six conflicts. This book presents an analytical framework that has been used to identify a set of factors that make civil war more or less likely to recur in a nation where a civil war has recently terminated. The outcome of the previous civil war--whether it ended in a government victory, a rebel …

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The Interagency And Counterinsurgency Warfare: Aligning And Integrating Military And Civilian Roles In Stability, Security, Transition, And Reconstruction Operations, Joseph R. Cerami Dr., Jay W. Boggs Mr. Dec 2007

The Interagency And Counterinsurgency Warfare: Aligning And Integrating Military And Civilian Roles In Stability, Security, Transition, And Reconstruction Operations, Joseph R. Cerami Dr., Jay W. Boggs Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

For decades since the formation of the defense establishment under the 1947 National Security Act, all U.S. cabinet departments, national security agencies, and military services involved in providing for the common defense have struggled to overcome differences in policy and strategy formulation, organizational cultures, and even basic terminology. Post-September 11, 2001, international systems, security environments, U.S. military campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq, and the greater Global War on Terrorism have confronted civilian policymakers and senior military officers with a complex, fluid battlefield which demands kinetic and counterinsurgency capabilities. This monograph addresses the security, stability, transition, and reconstruction missions that place …

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The Effects Of Classical Versus Electronic Music On Learning And Recall, Samantha Domingo Dec 2007

The Effects Of Classical Versus Electronic Music On Learning And Recall, Samantha Domingo

Mako: NSU Undergraduate Student Journal

Research about the possible positive effects of classical music on learning and recall has been quite extensive in the past few years; this phenomenon is known as the Mozart effect. The present study attempted to evaluate the theory that listening to classical music enhances the learning and subsequent recall of new information. Twenty-four undergraduate students participated in this study. In a between-participants design, all participants were assigned to read a short passage while listening to one of four types of music: classical music at either high or low volume, or electronic music at either high or low volume. Subsequently, participants …

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The Effect Of Vicarious Learned Helplessness On Critical Thinking, Bridget Hennessey Dec 2007

The Effect Of Vicarious Learned Helplessness On Critical Thinking, Bridget Hennessey

Mako: NSU Undergraduate Student Journal

This study was to determine if critical thinking was affected by vicarious learned helplessness. Learned helplessness is a psychological condition in which one continues to be hurt or damaged physically or mentally. The hypothesis was that people who were primed with thoughts or made to believe and think of themselves or others in an abusive relationship would score lower on critical thinking than those primed with thoughts of a healthy relationship. Thirty participants were randomly assigned into two groups; one group listened to an audio recording based on a healthy relationship and the other listened to an abusive relationship. Following …

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Diagnosis Of The July 6, 2002 Ogallala, Nebraska Flash Flood, David B. Radell, Mark R. Anderson, John W. Stoppkotte, James R. Mccormick Dec 2007

Diagnosis Of The July 6, 2002 Ogallala, Nebraska Flash Flood, David B. Radell, Mark R. Anderson, John W. Stoppkotte, James R. Mccormick

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

During the early morning hours of 6 July 2002, a mesoscale convective system (MCS) traversed southwestern Nebraska and produced more than 40 cm of precipitation, resulting in a flash flood that closed Interstate 80 and caused one fatality near Ogallala, Nebraska. Regional climatology yields that this flash flood ranked first in precipitation amount for a 24 hour period over the past one hundred years. Synoptic and mesoscale features similar to other flash flooding events and conducive to extremely heavy precipitation were in place over the Central Plains, including a weak upper level ridge, high precipitable water values (180% of normal), …

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The Tri-Frame Model, Elsje Pienaar, Hendrik J. Viljoen Dec 2007

The Tri-Frame Model, Elsje Pienaar, Hendrik J. Viljoen

Hendrik J. Viljoen Publications

The tri-frame model gives mathematical expression to the transcription and translation processes, and considers all three reading frames. RNA polymerases transcribe DNA in single nucleotide increments, but ribosomes translate mRNA in pairings of three (triplets or codons). The set of triplets in the mRNA, starting with the initiation codon (usually AUG) defines the open reading frame (ORF). Since ribosomes do not always translocate three nucleotide positions, two additional reading frames are accessible. The -1RF and the +1RF are triplet pairings of the mRNA which are accessed by shifting one nucleotide position in the 5’ and 3’ directions respectively. Transcription is …

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Towards Safer Surgery In Patients With Sickle Cell Disease, Abdulwahed N. Meshikhes Dec 2007

Towards Safer Surgery In Patients With Sickle Cell Disease, Abdulwahed N. Meshikhes

Saudi Medical Journal

Surgery in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) has been associated with high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, a marked improvement in the safety of surgery and anesthesia in this high-risk group of patients has been witnessed; owing to the improvements in surgical and anesthetic care, greater awareness of pathophysiology of the disease, proper perioperative preparation, and attention to factors predisposing to vasoocclusive crises. However, this is not paralleled by similar improvement in countries where the disease is not prevalent. Greater population mobility in recent years makes recognition of surgical manifestations of the disease, and awareness of perioperative management …

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The Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect Of Tetrahydrobiopterin Administration In Renal Mass Reduction-Induced Chronic Renal Failure In Rats, Aida A. Korish, Maha M. Arafah Dec 2007

The Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect Of Tetrahydrobiopterin Administration In Renal Mass Reduction-Induced Chronic Renal Failure In Rats, Aida A. Korish, Maha M. Arafah

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) supplementation on the markers of inflammation, and on the histological picture of the kidney in chronic renal failure C-reactive protein (CRF) induced in rats by subtotal nephrectomy (SNx). METHODS: This study was performed at the Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during the period from December 2005 to January 2007. Chronic renal failure was induced by 5/6 SNx in 20 male Wister rats, and another 10 rats were sham operated by flank incision and served as controls. Ten SNx rats received 10mg kg-1 BH4 intraperitoneally daily for 4 weeks. …

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Infliximab Tnf-Alpha Antagonist Decreases Intraabdominal Adhesions, Osman Kurukahvecioglu, Hande Koksal, Ozlem Gulbahar, Ozlem Erdem, Doruk Engin, Omer Yazicioglu, Mustafa Kerem, Ferit Taneri Dec 2007

Infliximab Tnf-Alpha Antagonist Decreases Intraabdominal Adhesions, Osman Kurukahvecioglu, Hande Koksal, Ozlem Gulbahar, Ozlem Erdem, Doruk Engin, Omer Yazicioglu, Mustafa Kerem, Ferit Taneri

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of infliximab on adhesion formation and it9s associated morbidity and complications. METHODS: This study was performed in the Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Turkey between July 2005 and October 2005. Thirty-five rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Laparotomy was performed in the Sham group (n=5), whereas cecal abrasion was carried out in all other groups. After cecal abrasion 0.9% sodium chloride was administered in the saline group (n=10), infliximab was administered to the study group (n=10) and nothing was administered to the last group (n=10). Adhesion formation was evaluated with macroscopic and microscopic adhesion …

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Early Outcome Of Children With Complex Atrial Isomerism Undergoing Uni-Ventricular Cardiac Palliation, Giridhar V. Santhanam, Hani K. Najm, Johannes P. Duplessis, Riyadh M. Abu-Sulaiman, Mohamed S. Kabbani Dec 2007

Early Outcome Of Children With Complex Atrial Isomerism Undergoing Uni-Ventricular Cardiac Palliation, Giridhar V. Santhanam, Hani K. Najm, Johannes P. Duplessis, Riyadh M. Abu-Sulaiman, Mohamed S. Kabbani

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To review the postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) course and early outcome of children with complex atrial isomeric hearts undergoing cardiac surgery for uni-ventricular heart repair. METHODS: A retrospective review and analysis of ICU course of pediatric patients with atrial isomerism admitted from January 2000 to December 2004 in King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, who underwent uni-ventricular repair. RESULTS: During the study period, 18 (n=18) patients were identified to have complex congenital heart disease (CHD) associated with atrial isomerism. They were in the form of right atrial isomerism (n=12), and left atrial isomerism (n=6). Eight …

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The Prevalence Of Abdominal Obesity And Its Associated Risk Factors In Married, Non-Pregnant Women Born And Living In High Altitude, Southwestern, Saudi Arabia, Mohammed E. Khalid Dec 2007

The Prevalence Of Abdominal Obesity And Its Associated Risk Factors In Married, Non-Pregnant Women Born And Living In High Altitude, Southwestern, Saudi Arabia, Mohammed E. Khalid

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity and it9s associated risk factors in a married, non-pregnant, high altitude female population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted from January to March 2003, with 438 currently married non-pregnant women aged 18-60 years, born and permanent residents in and around Abha, southwestern heights, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire describing the demographic, social, reproductive, physical activity, and educational status was completed. The subjects were measured by weight, height, and waist circumference (WC). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each woman (BMI=weight [Kg]/height [m2]). Abdominal obesity was defined as WC>88cm, and total …

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Serum Resistin Levels In Syrian Obese Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii, Ismail E. Al-Sari, Faizah A. Al-Quobaili, Younes M. Kabalan Dec 2007

Serum Resistin Levels In Syrian Obese Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii, Ismail E. Al-Sari, Faizah A. Al-Quobaili, Younes M. Kabalan

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To determine serum resistin levels in obese patients with diabetes mellitus type II. METHODS: We studied 87 subjects in an sectional study, divided into 3 groups: obese, obese diabetic and normal subjects. Their age, gender and body mass index were recorded. Serum resistin, insulin, glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, triglyceride, urea and creatinine were measured. RESULTS: The mean ± SD plasma resistin for the obese diabetic group is 7.32 ± 3.74 ug/ml versus 4.25 ± 1.77 ug/ml in the control group (p=0.021). Intro-group comparison of obese subjects (diabetics versus non-diabetics) revealed higher levels of resistin, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol …

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Constrictive Pericarditis Presenting As Recurrent Ascites For 10 Years, Nazir A. Lone, Hilal A. Rather, S. Jalal, Khurshid A. Khan, Mohammed S. Alai, Viqar M. Jan, Kaiser H. Hakeem, Pawan K. Suri, Dharminder K. Angurana Dec 2007

Constrictive Pericarditis Presenting As Recurrent Ascites For 10 Years, Nazir A. Lone, Hilal A. Rather, S. Jalal, Khurshid A. Khan, Mohammed S. Alai, Viqar M. Jan, Kaiser H. Hakeem, Pawan K. Suri, Dharminder K. Angurana

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

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Evaluation Of Remote Trap Monitors Dec 2007

Evaluation Of Remote Trap Monitors

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Can trap monitors save Wildlife Services (WS) specialists time and money by increasing the efficiency of trap checks? To find out, WS scientists and field specialists evaluated the use of remote trap monitors. In 2006, WS personnel evaluated the effectiveness of two remote monitoring devices to alert wildlife specialists when an animal is captured in a trap. The devices, which can be used with any type of trap, consist of small radio transmitters that emit unique pulse rates when an animal is captured. WS personnel tested the device on a variety of wildlife species using several different types of traps …

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