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2007

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Teaching Parenting Skills In A Methadone Treatment Setting, Randy R. Gainey, Kevin P. Haggerty, Charles B. Fleming, Richard F. Catalano Jan 2007

Teaching Parenting Skills In A Methadone Treatment Setting, Randy R. Gainey, Kevin P. Haggerty, Charles B. Fleming, Richard F. Catalano

Sociology & Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Family factors significantly affect children’s risk of substance abuse, delinquency, and other problem behaviors (Arthur, Hawkins, Pollard, Catalano, & Baglioni, 2002). Children of substance abusers represent a particularly high-risk population. Prenatal exposure to addictive substances and the medical complications that may arise are important factors that, from conception, place this population at high risk of drug abuse and other problem behaviors (Griffith, Azuma, & Chasnoff, 1994). As children of substance abusers mature, their lives are characterized by exposure to continued drug and alcohol abuse by family members, recurrent or chronic illnesses, frequent moves, financial troubles, legal conflicts, family disorganization, and …

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American Ambivalence Towards The United Nations Since The End Of The Cold War, Stephanie Davis Jan 2007

American Ambivalence Towards The United Nations Since The End Of The Cold War, Stephanie Davis

College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Ecosan Toilets In Tsunami Affected South India-Participatory Action In Development As An Implementation Strategy (X2), Shaila Noronha Jan 2007

Ecosan Toilets In Tsunami Affected South India-Participatory Action In Development As An Implementation Strategy (X2), Shaila Noronha

College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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The Impact Of A Community Health Advisor-Based Intervention On Self-Reported Frequency Of Dental Visits In A Rural, Low-Income African American Alabama Community, Stephen J. Clarke Jan 2007

The Impact Of A Community Health Advisor-Based Intervention On Self-Reported Frequency Of Dental Visits In A Rural, Low-Income African American Alabama Community, Stephen J. Clarke

All ETDs from UAB

Oral health disparities are wide and increasing for rural Southern African- Americans. This project trained 13 experienced Community Health Advisors (CHAs) from Uniontown, Alabama, in the basics of oral health, including regular dental visits, and assigned them to spread this information among their fellow community members. We tested whether a 1-year CHA-based oral health education intervention was associated with increased routine/preventive use of available dental services as measured by pre-post self-report, relative to a comparison community. We also hypothesized that any detected association between the intervention and use of dental services was mediated by attitudes toward dental visits. No direct …

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Factors Associated With Sexual Debut And Depression Among Adolescents In Rural Jamaica, Olaniyi J. Ekundayo Jan 2007

Factors Associated With Sexual Debut And Depression Among Adolescents In Rural Jamaica, Olaniyi J. Ekundayo

All ETDs from UAB

Individual and family factors have been hypothesized to influence adolescent sexual behavior and depression, but the extent to which this is true for adolescents in Jamaica as a whole and for those in rural areas in particular, has not been well studied. The objective of this dissertation was to identify individual and family factors associated with sexual debut and depression among rural Jamaican adolescents. To elucidate these factors and to provide information to guide future interventions, we analyzed data on 748 adolescents attending public high schools in the rural parish of Hanover, Jamaica. Multivariate logistic regression was used to predict …

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Sexual Violence And Correlates Among Women In Hiv Discordant Union, Uganda, Donath Emusu Jan 2007

Sexual Violence And Correlates Among Women In Hiv Discordant Union, Uganda, Donath Emusu

All ETDs from UAB

We sought to estimate the prevalence of sexual violence and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), identify risk factors for sexual violence and STDs among women in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) discordant unions, and investigate the lived experiences of sexual violence among women in HIV discordant unions attending post-test club services at AIDS Information Centers (AICs) in Uganda. We carried out a prospective cohort study of women in HIV discordant and HIV negative concordant unions after disclosure of their HIV serostatus. We estimated prevalence of STDs in the two study cohorts and compared them for occurrence of risk factors for sexual violence …

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The Decision To Move: An Analysis Of Factors That Influence African Americans In The Ghetto, Lonnie Hannon Jan 2007

The Decision To Move: An Analysis Of Factors That Influence African Americans In The Ghetto, Lonnie Hannon

All ETDs from UAB

The decision to move among African Americans in a poor community encom-passes individual, household, and neighborhood characteristics. Previous research fo-cuses on the frequently studied middle class. Meanwhile substantive analyses on African Americans from poor communities remain largely understudied. The current study uses data from a low income African American community to study residential mobility deci-sions. A systematic, random sample of respondents completed a survey concerning their residential situation. Data were triangulated to add reliability and richness to the find-ings. The results show that the decision to move is not a function of residential satisfac-tion, but is influenced by neighborhood and …

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Mcmv Induced Cerebellar Maldevelopment, Thadeus B. Koontz Jan 2007

Mcmv Induced Cerebellar Maldevelopment, Thadeus B. Koontz

All ETDs from UAB

Congenital Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children. While most of the systemic damage incurred by the infant in the course of the infection resolves without permanent consequence, the pathological manifestations of infection in the central nervous system (CNS) are often permanent. Children born with congenital HCMV infection may exhibit hearing loss and cognitive impairment in various degrees. These neurological disabilities are correlated with pathological findings in various permutations including infection of the inner ear, ventricular calcifications, ventriculomegaly, microgyria, lissencephaly, and cerebellar hypoplasia. To develop a therapeutic or preventive strategy, HCMV …

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A Model Transformation Approach To Automated Model Evolution, Yuehua Lin Jan 2007

A Model Transformation Approach To Automated Model Evolution, Yuehua Lin

All ETDs from UAB

It is well-known that the inherent complex nature of software systems adds to the challenges of software development. The most notable techniques for addressing the complexity of software development are based on the principles of abstraction, problem decomposition, separation of concerns and automation. As an emerging paradigm for developing complex software, Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) realizes these principles by raising the specification of software to models, which are at a higher level of abstraction than source code. As models are elevated to first-class artifacts within the software development lifecycle, there is an increasing need for frequent model evolution to explore design …

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Teaching Reading Using Informational Texts In Third Grade Classrooms: A Case Study In An Urban School District, Dimple J. Martin Jan 2007

Teaching Reading Using Informational Texts In Third Grade Classrooms: A Case Study In An Urban School District, Dimple J. Martin

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of these multiple descriptive case studies was to describe and analyze the perspectives of three third grade classroom teachers and two third grade reading coaches regarding the use of informational texts and their influence on reading instruction. The research design involved interviews, and observations using a sample composed of three third grade classroom teachers and two third grade reading coaches in five urban, public elementary schools in the Southeastern United States. The aim of this research was to portray a vivid description of the reading episodes in third grade classrooms. The key findings from the study were that …

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Mirror, Mirror: A Phenomenological Study Of The Role Of Reflection In Teaching In Elementary School, Amy Ferguson Morgan Jan 2007

Mirror, Mirror: A Phenomenological Study Of The Role Of Reflection In Teaching In Elementary School, Amy Ferguson Morgan

All ETDs from UAB

In this era of increasing accountability in education, teachers are being asked to move away from the role of intuitive guide to being a more deliberate reflective practitioner. The need exists to understand the experience of reflection and its meaning from the perspective of practicing teachers. Existing studies describe an effective teacher as one who reflects upon her/his teaching. However, they do not illuminate the perspective of teachers to assist other teachers in knowing how to reflect effectively. Guided by works of Dewey (1909/1933) and Schon (1983, 1987), this phenomenological study explored the reflective experiences of practicing teachers in order …

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An Investigation Of The Impact On Student Achievement Of The Mobile Math Initiative In Three High Poverty Schools In A Single School District, Jeanne D. Payne Jan 2007

An Investigation Of The Impact On Student Achievement Of The Mobile Math Initiative In Three High Poverty Schools In A Single School District, Jeanne D. Payne

All ETDs from UAB

Teachers must increase effectiveness of teaching to prepare quantitatively literate students. The study’s purpose was to determine the effectiveness of the Mobile Math Initiative (MMI) in three high poverty schools. Changes in achievement of 89 students over 3 years were examined using the Stanford 10 (SAT 10) Procedures and Problem Solving subtests and the Alabama Reading and Mathematics Test (ARMT) Math subtest. Independent variables were (a) ethnic background, (b) gender, (c) socioeconomic status, (d) level of English proficiency, (e) level of special education needed, and (f) school student attended. Data were analyzed with the SPSS (Version 15.0) software using factorial …

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Enterprise Configuration Management In A Service-Oriented Architecture Environment Delivering It Services, Robert E. Raygan Jan 2007

Enterprise Configuration Management In A Service-Oriented Architecture Environment Delivering It Services, Robert E. Raygan

All ETDs from UAB

Information Technology (IT) is a collaboration environment for business and engineering. The past decade has seen a reduction in business understanding of engineering principles because of the lack of trained engineers working in IT, while businesses have become increasingly dependent upon new and complex technologies. These new technologies, often still evolving, are system-of-systems environments and present significant challenges to early implementers. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is one such system-of-systems that pushes the discipline of Software Configuration Management (SCM) beyond traditionally defined bounds. Evolving standards associated with SOA and the nature of SOA contribute to these challenges of governance and management: loose …

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Development And Initial Validation Of A Self-Efficacy Scale For Use With Registered Dietitians Working With Overweight Youth, Christopher M. Reinold Jan 2007

Development And Initial Validation Of A Self-Efficacy Scale For Use With Registered Dietitians Working With Overweight Youth, Christopher M. Reinold

All ETDs from UAB

This study developed and validated the Youth-Directed Obesity Counseling Self-efficacy (Y-DOCS) Scale to evaluate the self-efficacy of registered dietitians (RDs) working with childhood overweight. The specific purpose of this study was to create an evaluation instrument that can measure the effectiveness of continuing education (CE) that provides behavioral counseling training. Two research questions guided this investigation into measuring the self-efficacy of RD’s: (a) Is the Y-DOCS scale for dietitians a reliable instrument for assessing self-efficacy among dietitians who receive training? (b) Is the Y-DOCS scale for dietitians a valid instrument for assessing self-efficacy among dietitians who receive training? The population …

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Life Course Religiosity And Spirituality And Their Relationship To Health And Well-Being Among Homebound Older Adults, Caroline O. Robinson Jan 2007

Life Course Religiosity And Spirituality And Their Relationship To Health And Well-Being Among Homebound Older Adults, Caroline O. Robinson

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among religiosity, spirituality, physical health and mental well-being among a sample of homebound older adults. Taking a life course approach, this study explored how religiosity and spirituality across the life course influence homebound elders’ health and well-being. The sample consisted of 200 community-dwelling, homebound adults aged 60 and older (mean age 79, 62% White, 38% African American, 80% female, and 20% male). Participants completed a guided interview that measured physical health and mental well-being as well as involvement in three domains of religiosity and spirituality across the participants’ life history …

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Factors Influencing The Adoption Of Administrative Innovations, Tom J. Sanders Jan 2007

Factors Influencing The Adoption Of Administrative Innovations, Tom J. Sanders

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the influence of selected environmental and organizational factors on the adoption of administrative innovations in order to better understand strategic adaptation by organizations. General systems theory, various organizational theories, strategic adaptation and management theories, and adoption and diffusion of innovation literature were used to develop a theoretical framework to address four primary and sixteen secondary hypotheses. The administrative innovation used for this study was the magnet hospital concept for enhancing attraction and retention of registered nurses in order to address a persistent workforce shortage in U.S. hospitals. Secondary data related to U.S. …

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Processing, Characterizati On And Modeling Of Carbon Nanofiber Modified Carbo N/Carbon Composites, Francis J. Samalot Rivera Jan 2007

Processing, Characterizati On And Modeling Of Carbon Nanofiber Modified Carbo N/Carbon Composites, Francis J. Samalot Rivera

All ETDs from UAB

Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composites are used in high temperature applications because they exhibit excellent thermomechanical properties. There are several challenges associated with the processing of C/C composites that include long cycle times, formation of closed porosity within fabric woven architecture and carbonization induced cracks that can lead to reduction of mechanical properties. This work addresses various innovative approaches to reduce processing uncertainties and thereby improve thermomechanical properties of C/C by using vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) in conjunction with carbon fabric and precursor phenolic matrix. The different aspects of the proposed research contribute to understanding of the translation of VGCNFs properties …

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A Perception Of Parents, Teachers, And Community Leaders Regarding A School District's Strategic Plan As Related To The Use Of Assessment Data, Zanetta Andrea Simmons Jan 2007

A Perception Of Parents, Teachers, And Community Leaders Regarding A School District's Strategic Plan As Related To The Use Of Assessment Data, Zanetta Andrea Simmons

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of this study was to find out if school personnel and community stakeholders were using assessment data from the strategic plan to help meet the No Child Left Behind mandates for achieving Adequate Yearly Progress. This study examined the perceptions of ten public school stakeholders. Information for this study was gathered by interviewing and analyzing qualitative data of ten purposely-selected subjects from the faculty, central office personnel, community leaders, and parents who were involved in the strategic planning process and helped with the development of various plans that had an influence on student learning outcomes. The constant comparative …

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The Scales Are Still Unbalanced:A Phenomenological Study Of Parental Involvement Of Lower Socioeconomic Students Attending School In An Affluent Southeastern Educational Community, Debra Walker Smith Jan 2007

The Scales Are Still Unbalanced:A Phenomenological Study Of Parental Involvement Of Lower Socioeconomic Students Attending School In An Affluent Southeastern Educational Community, Debra Walker Smith

All ETDs from UAB

With the pressures of No Child Left Behind, and many schools being identified as failing, parents are willing to make major sacrifices in order to provide what they believe is a quality education. The research addressed what it meant for twelve low socioeconomic parents to be involved in their children’s education in an affluent educational environment. The researcher defined low socioeconomics as students participating in the National School Lunch Program, as this was one of the identifiers used to determine this subgroup for the State Department of Education’s Adequate Yearly Progress. A phenomenological study was conducted to answer the following …

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An Examination Of African American College Students' Knowledge And Attitudes Regarding Sickle Cell Disease And Sickle Cell Disease Carrier Testing: A Mixed Methods Study, Kai Anika Stewart Jan 2007

An Examination Of African American College Students' Knowledge And Attitudes Regarding Sickle Cell Disease And Sickle Cell Disease Carrier Testing: A Mixed Methods Study, Kai Anika Stewart

All ETDs from UAB

Approximately, 80,000 Americans are affected by sickle cell disease (SCD) and it is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. SCD is most prevalent among individuals of African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Asian Indian ancestry; however, statistics suggest that in the United States, African Americans are disproportionately affected by SCD (Sickle Cell Disease Association of America (SCDAA), 2007). Nearly, 1 in 400 African Americans is born with SCD; in addition, 1 in 12 African Americans is born with sickle cell trait (SCT) (National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), 2007). Two carriers of the trait have a 25% …

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A Grounded Theory Study: Hispanic Adolescents' Experience Of Being Overweight, Wilma Powell Stuart Jan 2007

A Grounded Theory Study: Hispanic Adolescents' Experience Of Being Overweight, Wilma Powell Stuart

All ETDs from UAB

The number of overweight adolescents worldwide has continued to increase over the past several decades. Intervention studies for weight management with overweight adolescents are challenged by high rates of attrition and have failed to achieve sustained outcomes. Hispanic adolescents have a higher risk of being overweight than their African American and White peers do. However, Hispanic overweight adolescents have been poorly represented in intervention studies with overweight adolescents. The factors that influence the Hispanic overweight adolescents’ perceptions of weight and weight loss management are not known. This qualitative study used ground theory methodology to identify the factors that influence perceptions …

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A Study Of Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Somatic Symptoms, And Spirituality In Practitioners Of The Martial Art Aikido, Howell E. Tapley Jan 2007

A Study Of Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Somatic Symptoms, And Spirituality In Practitioners Of The Martial Art Aikido, Howell E. Tapley

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between physical, mental and spiritual health. An additional purpose was to determine if the practice of aikido was associated with measurable levels of somatic symptoms, perceived stress, anxiety and spirituality. Measurement instruments included Cohen’s 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Spielberger’s 20-item Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI), the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), and the 16-item Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES). A cross-sectional research design was utilized in this study to test the following hypotheses: 1) After controlling for demographic variables, daily spiritual experience will explain variability in perceived stress, anxiety and somatic symptoms, …

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Deprofessionalization Of The Corporate Optometrist? Contrasting Characteristics Of The Bureaucratic And Professional Models, R Michael Taylor Jan 2007

Deprofessionalization Of The Corporate Optometrist? Contrasting Characteristics Of The Bureaucratic And Professional Models, R Michael Taylor

All ETDs from UAB

This study will investigate whether professional status differs between corporate and noncorporate optometrists by comparing their levels of autonomy, income, and job satisfaction. According to Freidson’s ideal model, a professional maintains high levels of autonomy and income but the opposite is usually true for employees of Weber’s traditional bureaucracy. Bureaucracies employ formally rational processes such as hierarchical decision-making and limited employee profit sharing which have affects on healthcare professional independence. The primary objective of many American corporations is to maximize profits for shareholders. While the health professional also strives to maximize profits, this objective is often balanced with an ethical …

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Writing To Change The World In An Inner-City Kindergarten Classroom, Toni Taylor Jan 2007

Writing To Change The World In An Inner-City Kindergarten Classroom, Toni Taylor

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of this qualitative study was to document the evolution of critical literacy and transformational writing in an inner-city kindergarten classroom in a mid-sized city located in the southeastern United States. This research involved 19 kindergarten students who were investigated in the naturalistic setting of routine instruction. Social issue texts were read aloud to students. After discussions of the texts, students responded to literature by creating exhibits, establishing a lost and found service for the school, helping peers and family cope with death, and partnering with the community nursing home. Throughout the study, audio tapes of student’s conversations and …

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Influence Of A Sacs Review Of One Previously Unaccredited, Urban Middle School: A Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis, Carole Elaine Braden Tull Jan 2007

Influence Of A Sacs Review Of One Previously Unaccredited, Urban Middle School: A Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis, Carole Elaine Braden Tull

All ETDs from UAB

The need for data-driven education and proof of accountability has become apparent since the reform movement in American education that began with A Nation at Risk (National Commission on Excellence in Education, 1983). Accreditation identifies schools as quality institutions, yet little K-12 research is available pertaining to the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). In this longitudinal study, quantitative and qualitative methods were used to explore the impact of an initial SACS review on an urban, Title I middle school. The target school gained full SACS membership in May 2004. For the next three years the researcher gathered Stanford …

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Component-Based Language Implementation With Object-Oriented Syntax And Aspect-Oriented Semantics, Xiaoqing Wu Jan 2007

Component-Based Language Implementation With Object-Oriented Syntax And Aspect-Oriented Semantics, Xiaoqing Wu

All ETDs from UAB

Providing proper modularity is one of the major challenges in software development. In the context of programming language implementation, two key factors impede the modularization process in a compiler system: First, the parser, as the core of the language implementation, usually is specified in a non-decomposable style such that it must be built as a whole regardless of the complexity of the grammar. This usually yields poor comprehensibility, reduced changeability, limited reusability, and hampers independent development of the language implementation. Second, the interconnected nature of syntax and semantic analysis of a language propels the compiler implementation to have each phase …

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Effects Of Optical Blur On Visual Performance And Comfort Of Computer Users, Ferial M. Zeried Jan 2007

Effects Of Optical Blur On Visual Performance And Comfort Of Computer Users, Ferial M. Zeried

All ETDs from UAB

Background. The study examined the effects of optical blur on the visual performance and comfort of computer workers. Since most workers have significant degrees of optical blur, the study may elucidate improved methodology for workplace comfort and function. Methods. Since young and old workers experience blur from different sources, the study incorporated two different designs. The study examined the correction of optical blur using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. The primary outcomes of the study were visual comfort and productivity. In study one, subjects were required to be 19-35 yrs of age, have at least 0.50D uncorrected refractive error …

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Deus Ex Machina And The Unfulfilled Promise Of New York Times V. Sullivan: Applying The Times For All Seasons, Joseph H. King Jr. Jan 2007

Deus Ex Machina And The Unfulfilled Promise Of New York Times V. Sullivan: Applying The Times For All Seasons, Joseph H. King Jr.

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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Fencing In The Frontier: A Look Into The Limits Of Mail Fraud, Kristen Kate Orr Jan 2007

Fencing In The Frontier: A Look Into The Limits Of Mail Fraud, Kristen Kate Orr

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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The Economic Torts And English Law: An Uncertain Future, Hazel Carty Jan 2007

The Economic Torts And English Law: An Uncertain Future, Hazel Carty

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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