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Arboretum Annual Report, 2007, Connecticut College

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Tied Up In Knotts? Gps Technology And The Fourth Amendment, Renée Mcdonald Hutchins

Faculty Scholarship

Judicial and scholarly assessment of emerging technology seems poised to drive the Fourth Amendment down one of three paths. The first would simply relegate the amendment to a footnote in history books by limiting its reach to harms that the framers specifically envisioned. A modified version of this first approach would dispense with expansive constitutional notions of privacy and replace them with legislative fixes. A third path offers the amendment continued vitality but requires the U.S. Supreme Court to overhaul its Fourth Amendment analysis. Fortunately, a fourth alternative is available to cabin emerging technologies within the existing doctrinal framework. Analysis …

What Is A Twentieth-Century Constitution?, Peter E. Quint

Faculty Scholarship

At present, almost all of the constitutions in the world are twentieth-century constitutions; indeed, most of them were not adopted until the second half of the twentieth century. Accordingly, the eighteenth-century Constitution of the United States -- which includes the original constitution of 1787-89; the first ten amendments, adopted in 1791; and the Eleventh Amendment, adopted in 1798 -- antedates most other constitutions of the world by at least 150 years. Using the eighteenth-century Constitution of the United States as a form of base-line (a method that may be parochial, but one that I think also has a lot to …

Book Review Of The Place Of Families: Fostering Capacity, Equality, And Responsibility By Linda C. Mcclain, Karen Czapanskiy

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Not A Living Room Sofa: Changing The Legal Status Of Companion Animals, Susan J. Hankin

Faculty Scholarship

Although the law has traditionally treated non-human animals as property, public attitudes and many of our current laws already are beginning to reflect many ways in which animals, and especially companion animals, are fundamentally different from inanimate property. Despite these trends, the differences between animals and inanimate property need to be more clearly reflected in our laws, because there are still too many cases where the results under current laws are inconsistent with this understanding of companion animals.

This article proposes the legislative creation of a new status that formally recognizes companion animals as a distinct legal category: “companion animal …

Copyright In An Era Of Information Overload: Toward The Privileging Of Categorizers, Frank Pasquale

Faculty Scholarship

Environmental laws are designed to reduce negative externalities (such as pollution) that harm the natural environment. Copyright law should adjust the rights of content creators in order to compensate for the ways they reduce the usefulness of the information environment as a whole. Every new work created contributes to the store of expression, but also makes it more difficult to find whatever work one wants. Such search costs have been well-documented in information economics. Copyright law should take information overload externalities like search costs into account in its treatment of alleged copyright infringers whose work merely attempts to index, organize, …

Technology, Competition, And Values, Frank Pasquale

Faculty Scholarship

Law can advance or retard the distributive effects of innovation and its diffusion in many ways. Certain technologies merit special monitoring because they promote the leveraging of economic advantage into social or cultural advantage without substantially increasing overall social welfare. Others threaten to undermine collective values and perceptions commonly used to evaluate technology. A final category threatens to do both, creating unfair or wasteful competition while blunting our capacity to recognize its morally dubious character.

As new sectors of life become more game-like and competitive, methods of leveling the playing field developed in sports and college admissions might become more …

Political Advocacy And Taxable Entities: Are They The Next "Loophole"?, Donald B. Tobin

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Political Campaigning By Churches And Charities: Hazardous For 501(C)(3)S, Dangerous For Democracy, Donald B. Tobin

Faculty Scholarship

Nonprofit section 501(c)(3) organizations are prohibited from participating or intervening in an election on behalf of a candidate for public office. Despite this prohibition, 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organizations have become increasingly active in political campaigns. Many organizations are either ignoring the political campaign ban or are using "issue discussion" or "lobbying" as a means of promoting candidates and testing the limits of the prohibition. Current scholarship surrounding the political campaign ban argues that the ban is either unconstitutional or inappropriate as a matter of public policy. This article argues that the ban is both meritorious and constitutional. It argues that taxpayer …

Notes On The Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) Fauna Of Ardahan, Iğdır And Kars Provinces Of Turkey, İsmai̇l Ari, Meti̇n Aktaş, Suat Kiyak

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was based on 558 specimens belonging to 23 species of 10 genera of Chrysopidae of the order Neuroptera. These specimens were collected from Ardahan, Iğdır and Kars provinces between 2001 and 2003. Among the species, Dichochrysa ventralis Curtis, 1834 is a new record for the Turkish Neuroptera fauna. The distribution of each species, worldwide and in Turkey, is also presented.

Otiorynchus Lederi Stierlin (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): A New Record And A New Pest In Turkey, Hi̇kmet Özbek, Levent Gülteki̇n, Genrick Davidian

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Otiorhynchus lederi Stierlin, 1876 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was detected in northeastern Anatolia. This species has been known as a parthenogenetic form so far. We found in Transcaucasus and Turkey several bisexual populations of this species for the first time and we redescribed them. O. lederi is allied to Otiorhynchus erivanensis Reitter, which was described from Armenia. Diagnostic features separating these 2 species were indicated. Both of these species are new records for the Turkish fauna. Although O. lederi is a polyphagous it is a pest of currant (Ribes spp.), rose (Rosa spp.), and strawberry (Fragaria spp.) species in Erzurum province, especially …

Influence Of Visible Implant Fluorescent Elastomer (Vie) Tagging On Growth, Molting And Survival Of The Eastern White River Crayfish, Procambarus Acutus Acutus (Girard, 1852), Yavuz Mazlum

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Tag retention, growth, molting, and survival of crayfish, Procambarus acutus acutus, 35-37 mm in total length were evaluated between tagged and untagged groups. There were no significant differences in molting and survival between the tagged and untagged groups (P > 0.05). Tag retention was 100% for crayfish kept individually in plastic containers for the 60-day experimental period. The tagged group had a mean growth of 7.0 mm (molts only) while the untagged group had a mean growth of 4.0 mm (molts only). Molting rates were similar between the tagged and untagged groups. Nine molts were observed each in the tagged (n …

Allozyme Variations And Genetic Differentiation In Mesocricetus Brandti Nehring, 1898 And Mesocricetus Auratus (Waterhouse, 1839) (Mammalia: Rodentia), Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Tolga Kankiliç, Reyhan Çolak, Ercüment Çolak, Rolf Gattermann, Karsten Neumann, Şaki̇r Özkurt, Muhammed Mouradi Gharakheloo

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Allozyme variations were investigated by the electrophoretic analysis of 20 gene loci in 5 populations of Mesocricetus brandti and Mesocricetus auratus from Anatolia and Iran. Of the 20 loci analysed, 11 were monomorphic and fixed for the same allele in all 5 populations, 9 loci were polymorphic, and 1 locus differed between M. auratus and M. brandti populations. The overall mean of polymorphic loci for all the populations was 24.7% (range: 5.9%-41.2%). The mean fixation index value was F_{ST} = 0.0748, indicating a 7% genetic variation in the M. brandti populations. The obtained FST values indicated that there are moderate …

Contributions To The Fauna Of Turkish Myrmeleonidae (Neuroptera, Insecta) From Ardahan, Iğdır, And Kars, İsmai̇l Ari, Meti̇n Aktaş, Suat Kiyak

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study is based on 349 specimens belonging to 24 species of 17 genera of Myrmeleonidae of the order Neuroptera, and these insects were collected from Ardahan, Iğdır, and Kars provinces between 2001 and 2003. Among the species, Deutoleon turanicus Navas, 1927 and Distoleon luteomaculatus Hölzel, 1972 are new to the fauna of Turkish Myrmeleonidae. The distribution of each species in Turkey and in the rest of the world is presented.

Dacrydium Hyalinum (Monterosato, 1875) And Musculus Discors (Linnaeus, 1767): Two New Mytilidae (Bivalvia) Species For The Turkish Mollusc Fauna, Mesut Önen, Alper Doğan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The Bivalvia (Mollusca) fauna was studied from benthic samples collected from 101 stations from various biotopes in the Turkish Aegean Sea in 2000. Two species, namely Dacrydium hyalinum (Monterosato, 1875) and Musculus discors (Linnaeus, 1767), new to the Turkish Bivalvia fauna are reported. Notes on the morphological and ecological features of these species are provided.

On New Populations Of Rana Holtzi And Rana Macrocnemis (Ranidae: Anura), İbrahi̇m Baran, Çeti̇n Ilgaz, Yusuf Kumlutaş, Kurtuluş Olgun, Azi̇z Avci, Fatma İret

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Rana holtzi, which is only known from Karagöl at altitude 2500 m and Çinigöl at altitude 2600 m, was determined from Eğrigöl for the first time at altitude 3000 m. Thus, the distribution range of R. holtzi in the Bolkar Mountains was extended. In addition, specimens of Rana macrocnemis were recorded from Seviçova (2500 m a.s.l.), located in the Bolkar Mountains near Ereğli (Konya), for the first time. Furthermore, the village of Örtülü (Maden, Elazığ), where specimens of Rana macrocnemis were captured, is determined to be southernmost distribution point of R. macrocnemis. Mountain frog specimens captured from new localities were …

Contributions To The Knowledge Of The Oligochaeta (Annelida) Fauna Of Some Lakes In The Taurus Mountain Range (Turkey), Seray Yildiz, M. Ruşen Ustaoğlu, Süleyman Balik

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Two expeditions were carried out during July 1996 and July 1997 in order to determine the Oligochaeta fauna of 16 high altitude lakes located in the Taurus Mountains in south-west Anatolia (Turkey). No previous faunistic studies exist from the Taurus Mountains regarding physico-chemical features and Oligochaeta fauna. Fifteen species were identified, comprised of the families Tubificidae (11 species), Naididae (3 species), and Lumbriculidae (1 species). Among the samples, Tubificidae were the most dominant (73% of the specimens), followed by Naididae (20%) and Lumbriculidae (7%).

Population Size Of The Marsh Frog (Rana Ridibunda Pallas, 1771) In Lake Yayla (Denizli, Turkey), Di̇nçer Ayaz, Cemal Varol Tok, Ahmet Mermer, Murat Tosunoğlu, Murat Afsar, Keri̇m Çi̇çek

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The population size of marsh frogs (Rana ridibunda) was estimated using the mark-recapture method in Lake Yayla (Buldan, Denizli, Turkey). According to the results, the mean estimated population was 14,733 and the sex ratio was female biased (male: female, 0.56). The main limiting factors of the marsh frog population are also outlined.

Efficacy Of The Rodenticide Bromethalin In The Control Of Microtus Arvalis And Nesokia Indica In Alfalfa Fields, Alireza Khalilaria, Mohsen Morovati, Mehdi Naseri

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Rodents cause huge losses to agricultural crops annually. During outbreaks, this pest can cause irreversibly high damage. Solely non-chemical control measures have not been successful in reducing the population of this pest; therefore, the use of chemical rodenticides, especially on crops like alfalfa, is unavoidable. Bromethalin is a neurotoxic, acute, single-dose rodenticide with high efficacy, and since it is mostly used in wax formulation it is not attractive to non-target organisms, and hence is not very dangerous. Bromethalin 0.01% was tested in alfalfa fields of west Azerbaijan, Tehran, and Kerman provinces in completely randomised treatment blocks with 4 treatments (bromethalin …

Food Utilisation In A Laboratory Colony Of The Giant African Land Snail, Archachatina Marginata (Swainson) (Pulmonata: Achatinidae), Rosemary I. Egonmwan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study investigates food consumption by juveniles and adults of the edible giant land snail Archachatina marginata under laboratory conditions. In one experiment, the snails were fed weekly from hatching for 13 months with weighed amounts of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), carrot (Daucus carota), potato (Solanum tuberosum), apple (Malus pumila), and calcium. Another group of 2-month-old A. marginata ovum was fed singly for 3 days on each of the test food items. The results show that, when given a choice, A. marginata can select from the 4 types of food and calcium. When given no choice, lettuce provided high digestibility and …

Limnolegeria Longiseta Motaş, 1928 And Sperchon Rostratus Lundblad, 1969: Two Water Mite Species (Acari, Hydrachnidia) From Turkey, Yunus Ömer Boyaci

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Two water mite species (Acari, Hydrachnidia) are reported from Turkey. Limnolegeria longiseta Motaş, 1928 and males of Sperchon rostratus Lundblad, 1969 are first records for the Turkish fauna. The morphological features and worldwide distribution of the species are given.

Notes On The Nesting And Breeding Of Delichon Urbica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Aves: Passeriformes) Near Köprüköy (Kızılırmak, Turkey), Fulya Saygili, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The migration and some bio-ecological characteristics of a house martin (Delichon urbica) population, which has established colonies under bridges over the Kızılırmak River near Köprüköy village (Kırıkkale), were investigated in 2003 and 2004. These house martins were observed from the beginning of April to the first week of September, when they migrated south. According to the specimens examined, mean measurements of total length, wingspan, and weight were recorded as 133.5 mm, 279.5 mm, and 15.5 g, respectively. Mean measurements and weights of the nests were 12.5 mm long x 9 mm wide x 6 mm high, and 425 g. The …

Reproductive Biology And Postnatal Development Of Microtus Rossiaemeridionalis Ognev, 1924 (Mammalia: Rodentia) Distributed In Turkey, Nuri̇ Yi̇ği̇t, Tolga Kankiliç, Ercüment Çolak

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The reproductive biology and postnatal development of Microtus rossiaemeridionalis were investigated based on field and laboratory observations. This vole preferred humid meadows, and its burrow was complex with several entrances. The breeding season of this species was between December and October, and lasted 11 months. Pregnancy lasted 20-21 days, and average litter size was 5. The first mating was observed in a captive female at an age of 35 days, and other females subsequently mated at 40, 42, 60, and 70 days. Young were weaned at 17 days. The growth rate of weight was 0.45 g/day between birth and day …

Some Ghost Crabs Of The Genus Ocypode (Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) From Pakistan´S Waters (Northern Arabian Sea), Farzana Yousuf, Farah Ali, Quddusi Bashir Kazmi

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The present paper is based on the ghost crabs Ocypode ceratophthalma, O. gaudichaudii, O. macleayana, and O. rotundata, belonging to the Brachyuran genus Ocypode. The specimens were collected from the sandy beach of Sonmiani on the Makran coast. Four species belonging to 1 genus are described in detail and illustrated.

Pseudophoxinus Alii (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), A New Fish Species From The Antalya Region, Turkey, Fahretti̇n Küçük

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Pseudophoxinus alii is a new species described from 3 water bodies (Aksu River, and Ilıca and Kömürcüler streams) in the Antalya region, Turkey. This new species is distinguished from other large-scaled species of Pseudophoxinus in having 41-44 scales in lateral series, commonly 14 predorsal vertebrae, and large eye diameter (26%-32% HL).

Distribution Pattern And Morphological Differences Between The Sexes Of River Blenny, Salaria Fluviatilis (Asso, 1801), In The Ceyhan River Basin, Turkey, Ahmet Alp, Cemi̇l Kara

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The distribution of the river blenny (Salaria fluviatilis) in the Ceyhan River basin and the morphological differences between the sexes were investigated. Occurrence of the river blenny in the Ceyhan River basin depended on altitude of the habitats, and specimens were obtained at altitudes < 750 m. Samples were strongly female biased, which may have been due to the egg-guarding behavior of the males. There was also sexual dimorphism in that male blennies were larger than females (P < 0.05); however, there were no differences in the meristic counts between the sexes (P > 0.05). Analysis of variance showed that all of the standardized morphometric measurements were significantly different among the samples. In discriminant function analysis, morphological differentiation was determined between the sexes. Plotting discriminant function 1 to 2 separated the sexes from each other. Proportions of correctly classified individuals into their original groups were 71.9% for juveniles, 79.0% for …

Seasonal Fluctuations In The Zooplankton Composition Of A Eutrophic Lake: Lake Marmara (Manisa, Turkey), Şükran Yildiz, Ahmet Altindağ, Mehmet Borga Ergönül

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Seasonal fluctuations in the zooplankton fauna of Lake Marmara were studied between spring 2001 and winter 2002. In all, 41 species, consisting of 29 Rotifera (81.99%), 8 Cladocera (12.88%), and 4 Copepoda (5.13%), were recorded. The dominant species in the lake were Keratella tecta (Rotifera), Bosmina longirostris (Cladocera), and Eucyclops serrulatus (Copepoda). According to the QBrachionus/Trichocerca index (6.08) used for the determination of trophic level, the lake was hypertrophic.

Toxic, Residual, And Teratomorphic Effect Of A Neem Extract (N-9) In Comparison To Coopex 25 Wp (Permethrin + Bioallethrin) Against Musca Domestica L. (Holland Strain), Syed Naim-Ul-Hasan Naqvi, Rahila Tabassum, Muhammad Farhanullah Khan, Nikhat Yasmin, S. M. Nurulain, A. A. Burney

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The toxicity and residual effect of a topically applied crude extract of neem (N-9) and a pyrethroid (Coopex) against second-instar larvae of Musca domestica L. (Holland strain) was studied and compared. Toxic and residual studies revealed that Coopex (permethrin + bioallethrin) was more toxic and persistent than N-9. LD_{50} of Coopex 25 W.P. and N-9 was found to be 0.8 and 5.6 µg/larva, respectively; however, deformed pupae and partial emergence of adult flies were observed when only N-9 was applied.

Quantitative Estimation Of Residues Of Neem Compounds (Nfc And Nc) And Dimilin (Igr) In Treated Callosobruchus Analis F. And Contact Media (Filter Paper And Glass) By Hplc, Rahila Tabassum, Syed Naim-Ul-Hasan Naqvi, Muhammad Farhanullah Khan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Employing high performance liquid chromatography, quantitative estimation of neem compounds, NfC and NC, was carried out in treated insects, Callosobruchus analis, and in contact media, in comparison with an IGR, Diflubenzuron (Dimilin). Adult specimens of Callosobruchus analis were treated with impregnated filter paper mimicking an absorbent surface and treated glass mimicking a non-absorbent surface of grain storing containers. In the case of filter paper impregnation, the recovery of NfC was 4.57 µg/10 µl and 1.28 µg/10 µl in treated insect samples, and 0.71 µg/10 µl and 0.50 µg/10 µl in treated filter paper samples after 24 and 144 h of …

Distribution Of The Gekkonidae Species In Southeast Anatolia, Turkey, And New Localities, İsmai̇l Hakki Uğurtaş, Hi̇kmet Sami̇ Yildirimhan, Murat Sevi̇nç

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The distribution of Gekkonidae in southeast Anatolia was examined. Specimens were caught during field excursions between 2000 and 2002. The localities of the samples are marked on the provided maps and the distribution of the species is explained. Some habitat and ecological features are also given. Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) was recorded for the first time in Şanlıurfa and its distribution extended towards eastern Turkey. In addition, we added new localities to the distribution range of Cyrtopodion scaber (Heyden, 1827), which was previously only known from Şanlıurfa.