Digital Commons Network^™

Making Decisions About Embryonic Stem Cell Research, M. Therese Lysaught

Institute of Pastoral Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works

No abstract provided.

Contents, Inquiry Editors

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Spirituality And Counseling : An Integration Into Practice, Nikole D. Paulie

Graduate Research Papers

Mental health counselors have traditionally practiced the idea of separation, not integration, in regards to the exploration and use of spirituality in the counseling setting. Research and shifting trends have shown spirituality is not only important to clientele, but these clients also express a desire to incorporate their spirituality into counseling. Through enforcing appropriate competencies and guidelines, incorporating spirituality has proven effective within clinical settings. Counselors who do desire to integrate spirituality into counseling have limited resources available for guidance.

The purpose of this paper is three fold, to provide rationale for the integration of spirituality in counseling, discuss important …

Relief Of Symptoms, Side Effects, And Psychological Distress Through Use Of Complementary And Alternative Medicine In Women With Breast Cancer, Cecile A. Lengacher, Mary P. Bennett, Kevin E. Kip, Lois Gonzalez, Paul Jacobsen, Charles E. Cox

Nursing Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Problems With Steve Pinker's Mentalese: On The Implications Of Bilingualism, Marino Fernandes

Undergraduate Review

No abstract provided.

Monosaccharide Interactions With Rh(Iii) Cis-Bipyridine Complexes, Sarah M. Lane

Undergraduate Review

No abstract provided.

The Tiger Orientation Issue 2006, Clemson University

Tiger Newspapers

No abstract provided.

Rdna Gene Region (18s-Its1-5.8s-Its2-28s) Of Biomphalaria Glabrata, Coen Adema

Biomphalaria Genome Initiative

No abstract provided.

2006-2007 Unm Catalog, Unm Office Of The Registrar

Course Catalogs

Course catalog for the years 2006-2007.

Chronic Wasting Disease Of Elk And Deer And Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Comparative Analysis Of The Scrapie Prion Protein, Zhiliang Xie, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Zhiqian Dong, Allen L. Jenny, Julie A. Langenberg, Ermais D. Belay, Lawrence B. Schonberger, Robert B. Petersen, Wenquan Zou, Quingzhong Kong, Pierluigi Gambetti, Shu G. Chen

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible prion disease that affects elk and deer, poses new challenges to animal and human health. Although the transmission ofCWDto humans has not been proven, it remains a possibility. If this were to occur, it is important to know whether the “acquired” human prion disease would show a phenotype including the scrapie prion protein (PrP^Sc) features that differ from those associated with human sporadic prion disease. In this study, we have compared the pathological profiles and PrP^Sc characteristics in brains of CWD-affected elk and deer with those in subjects with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob …

Reductive Biotransformation Of Fe In Shale–Limestone Saprolite Containing Fe(Iii) Oxides And Fe(Ii)/Fe(Iii) Phyllosilicates, Ravi K. Kukkadapu, John M. Zachara, James K. Fredrickson, James P. Mckinley, David W. Kennedy, Steven C. Smith, Hailiang Dong

United States Department of Energy: Publications

A <2.0-mm fraction of a mineralogically complex subsurface sediment containing goethite and Fe(II)/Fe(III) phyllosilicates was incubated with Shewanella putrefaciens (strain CN32) and lactate at circumneutral pH under anoxic conditions to investigate electron acceptor preference and the nature of the resulting biogenic Fe(II) fraction. Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS), an electron shuttle, was included in select treatments to enhance bioreduction and subsequent biomineralization. The sediment was highly aggregated and contained two distinct clast populations: (i) a highly weathered one with ‘‘sponge-like’’ internal porosity, large mineral crystallites, and Fecontaining micas, and (ii) a dense, compact one with fine-textured Fe-containing illite and nano-sized goethite, as revealed by various forms of electron microscopic analyses. Approximately 10–15% of the Fe(III)_TOT was bioreduced by …

Kinetics Of Microbial Reduction Of Solid Phase U(Vi), Chongxuan Liu, Byong-Hun Jeon, John M. Zachara, Zheming Wang, Alice Dohnalkova, James K. Fredrickson

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Sodium boltwoodite (NaUO₂SiO₃OH•1.5 H₂O) was used to assess the kinetics of microbial reduction of solid-phase U(VI) by a dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium (DMRB), Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1. The bioreduction kinetics was studied with Na-boltwoodite in suspension or within alginate beads in a nongrowth medium with lactate as electron donor at pH 6.8 buffered with PIPES. Concentrations of U(VI)_tot and cell number were varied to evaluate the coupling of U(VI) dissolution, diffusion, and microbial activity. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) collectively indicated …

The Effect Of Calcium On Aqueous Uranium(Vi) Speciation And Adsorption To Ferrihydrite And Quartz, Patricia M. Fox, James A. Davis, John M. Zachara

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Recent studies of uranium (VI) geochemistry have focused on the potentially important role of the aqueous species, CaUO₂(CO₃)₃²⁻ and Ca₂UO₂(CO₃)₃⁰(aq), on inhibition of microbial reduction and uranium(VI) aqueous speciation in contaminated groundwater. However, to our knowledge, there have been no direct studies of the effects of these species on U(VI) adsorption by mineral phases. The sorption of U(VI) on quartz and ferrihydrite was investigated in NaNO₃ solutions equilibrated with either ambient air (430 ppm CO₂) or 2% CO₂ in the presence …

Isolation Of A High-Affinity Functional Protein Complex Between Omca And Mtrc: Two Outer Membrane Decaheme C-Type Cytochromes Of Shewanella Oneidensis Mr-1, Liang Shi, Baowei Chen, Zheming Wang, Dwayne A. Elias, M. Uljana Mayer, Yuri Gorby, Shuison Ni, Brian Lower, David Kennedy, David S. Wunschel, Heather M. Mottaz, Matthew Marshall, Eric Hill, Alexander Beliaev, John M. Zachara, James K. Fredrickson, Thomas Squier

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is a facultatively anaerobic bacterium capable of using soluble and insoluble forms of manganese [Mn(III/IV)] and iron [Fe(III)] as terminal electron acceptors during anaerobic respiration. To assess the structural association of two outer membrane-associated c-type decaheme cytochromes (i.e., OmcA [SO1779] and MtrC [SO1778]) and their ability to reduce soluble Fe(III)-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), we expressed these proteins with a C-terminal tag in wild-type S. oneidensis and a mutant deficient in these genes (i.e., ∆omcA mtrC). Endogenous MtrC copurified with tagged OmcA in wild-type Shewanella, suggesting a direct association. To further evaluate their possible interaction, …

Resonant Soft X-Ray Scattering From Structured Polymer Nanoparticles, Tohru Araki, Harald Ade, Jeffrey M. Stubbs, Donald C. Sundberg, Gary E. Mitchell, Jeffrey B. Kortright, A. L. D. Kilcoyne

United States Department of Energy: Publications

The application of resonant soft x-ray scattering to chemically heterogeneous soft condensed matter materials is presented. Two structured styrene-acrylic polymer composite latex particles ~230 nm in diameter were utilized to delineate the potential utility of this technique. Angular scans at photon energies corresponding to strong scattering contrast between specific chemical moieties made it possible to infer the effective radii that correspond to the two polymer phases in the nanoparticles. The results show that resonant soft x-ray scattering should be a powerful complementary tool to neutron and hard x-ray scattering for the characterization of structured soft condensed matter nanomaterials.

Marine Species, Paul R. Armsworth, Carrie V. Kappel, Fiorenza Micheli, Eric P. Bjorkstedt

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

The 4.1 million square miles of ocean inside the 200-mile exclusive economic zone around the United States surpasses the 3.6 million square miles total land area within federal jurisdiction (Lindholm and Barr 2001). The coastal oceans contain a great diversity of habitat types and ecosystems. These habitats are associated with particular substrate features such as coral reefs, sea grass beds, rocky shores and soft-bottom habitats, and also with persistent oceanographic features such as frontal convergence zones and upwelling regions.

Our marine ecosystems contain unique and rich biotas. At higher taxonomie levels, biodiversity is much richer in the marine environment than …

Working Seascapes, Paul R. Armsworth, Carrie V. Kappel, Fiorenza Micheli, Eric P. Bjorkstedt

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Marine species are being listed under the Endangered Species Act with increasing frequency and this trend can be expected to continue (Armsworth et al. 2006). The taxonomie focus of marine listings is also diversifying (Armsworth et al. 2006). Despite long-held assumptions that life his tory characteristics of so me marine species render them less vulnerable to extinction, anthropogenie impacts to marine ecosystems have imperiled a growing number of species. In this chapter, we review both the threats endangering marine species and some of the strategies being employed to mitigate those threats.

Listing decisions reveal the relative importance of different threats …

Distinct Population Segments, Robin S. Waples

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

In reflecting on how the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) has dealt with biodiversity issues over the past thirty years, it is instructive to review the collection of fifty-seven papers in the 1988 volume by Wilson entitled Biodiversity (1988b). Anchored in time midway between enactment of the ESA in 1973 and the present (2006 and counting), Wilson's volume provides a snapshot of the issues related to biodiversity that occupied conservation biologists during the first half of these three decades. The vast majority (over 80 percent) dealt with higher levels of biological organization (species or ecosystems), while only two (less than …

Changes In Manganese And Lead In The Environment And Young Children Associated With The Introduction Of Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl In Gasoline—Preliminary Results, Brian Gulson, Karen Mizon, Alan Taylor, Michael Korsch, Jennifer Stauber, J. Michael Davis, Honway Louis, Michael Wu, Hilton Swan

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

A 4-year longitudinal study is being conducted to evaluate potential changes to the environment and exposure of young children associated with the introduction of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) into Australia in 2001. The cohort consists of 57 females and 56 males, with an age range of 0.29–3.9 years. Samples are collected every 6 months from children in residences located at varying distances from major traffic thoroughfares in Sydney. Environmental samples include air, house, and daycare center dustfall, soil, dust sweepings, and gasoline; samples from the children include blood, urine, handwipes prior to and after playing outdoors, and a 6-day duplicate …

Inter-Habitat Variation In The Benthos Of The Upper Missouri River (North Dakota, Usa): Implications For Great River Bioassessment, Ted Angradi, E. William Schweiger, David Bolgrien

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

We examined inter-habitat variation in benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the 180-km Garrison Reach of the Upper Missouri River, North Dakota (USA) in 2001–2003. The Garrison Reach is unchannelized with a mostly rural setting. Flows are regulated by Garrison Dam. We sampled benthos from three habitats defined a priori: channel, shoreline, and backwater. Benthic assemblages were different in each habitat. Average Bray-Curtis dissimilarity in assemblage composition ranged from 89% for backwater versus channel habitat to 70% for backwater versus shoreline habitat. There were distinct intra-habitat groups within a priori habitats: channel assemblages included moving-sand assemblages and other-substrate channel assemblages; backwater assemblages …

Mode Of Action In Relevance Of Rodent Liver Tumors To Human Cancer Risk, Michael P. Holsapple, Henri C. Pitot, Samuel H. Cohen, Alan R. Boobis, James E. Klaunig, Timothy Pastoor, Vicki L. Dellarco, Yvonne P. Dragan

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Hazard identification and risk assessment paradigms depend on the presumption of the similarity of rodents to humans, yet species specific responses, and the extrapolation of high-dose effects to lowdose exposures can affect the estimation of human risk from rodent data. As a consequence, a human relevance framework concept was developed by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Risk Science Institute (RSI) with the central tenet being the identification of a mode of action (MOA). To perform a MOA analysis, the key biochemical, cellular, and molecular events need to first be established, and the …

The Fathead Minnow In Aquatic Toxicology: Past, Present And Future, Gerald T. Ankley, Daniel L. Villeneuve

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

This paper reviews the roles of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) as a small fish model in the field of aquatic toxicology. The species has been (and is) extensively used both for regulatory testing and research, especially in North America. For example, tests with the fathead minnow, ranging from 48-h lethality through partial and full life-cycle assays, are routinely used for regulatory programs aimed at assessing potential risks of new chemicals such as high-production volume materials and pesticides, as well as impacts of complex mixtures like effluents. The species also has been used for a wide variety of …

Waterfowl–Habitat Associations During Winter In An Urban North Atlantic Estuary, Richard A. Mckinney, Scott R. Mcwilliams, Michael A. Charpentier

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Coastal habitats near urban centres in North Atlantic estuaries often support substantial numbers of wintering waterfowl, but little is known of the effects of landscape setting and urbanisation on habitat use. We conducted surveys of waterfowl at 32 wintering sites in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, to identify characteristics that may influence habitat use. Sites were chosen along a gradient of urbanisation and reflected the dominant habitat types used by waterfowl in the Bay. Mean waterfowl abundance was 206.7 ± 209.5 birds per site, and sites in the inner part of the estuary had higher overall waterfowl abundances (r² = …

Scientific Reports Of Soviet Whaling Expeditions In The North Pacific, 1955-1978, Yulia V. Ivashchenko, Phillip J. Clapham, Robert L. Brownell Jr.

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

The translated and annotated materials in this volume constitute a collection of 18 formerly secret internal reports written by Soviet scientists working aboard whaling factory ships in the North Pacific. The reports cover the period from 1955 to 1978. During most of this time, the USSR was engaged in a massive campaign of illegal whaling worldwide; these illegal catches continued until introduction of the International Whaling Commission’s International Observer Scheme in 1972. The reports were copied from the archives of the Pacific Research and Fisheries Center (TINRO) in Vladivostok by Alfred A. Berzin, the former director of TINRO’s marine mammal …

Differential Expression Of Immune Response Genes In Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias Jubatus): An Indicator Of Ecosystem Health?, Lizabeth Bowen, Brian Aldridge, Kimberlee Beckmen, Tom Gelatt, Lorrie Rea, Kathy Burek, Ken Pitcher, Jeffrey L. Stott

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Characterization of the polygenic and polymorphic features of the Steller sea lion major histocompatibility complex (MHC) provides an ideal window for evaluating immunologic vigor of the population and identifying emergence of new genotypes that reflect ecosystem pressures. MHC genotyping can be used to measure the potential immunologic vigor of a population. However, since ecosystem-induced changes to MHC genotype can be slow to emerge, measurement of differential expression of these genes can potentially provide real-time evidence of immunologic perturbations. MHC DRB genes were cloned and sequenced using peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes derived from 10 Steller sea lions from southeast Alaska, Prince …

Relating Chronic Toxicity Responses To Population-Level Effects: A Comparison Of Population-Level Parameters For Three Salmon Species As A Function Of Low-Level Toxicity, Julann A. Spromberg, James P. Meador

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Standard laboratory toxicity tests assess the physiological responses of individual organisms to exposure to toxic substances under controlled conditions. Time and space restrictions often prevent the assessment of population-level responses to a toxic substance. Contaminants can affect various biological functions (e.g. growth, fecundity or behavior), which may alter different demographic traits, leading to population-level impacts. In this study,immune suppression, reproductive dysfunction and somatic growth impairment were examined using life history matrix models for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Our intent was to gauge the relative magnitude …

Studies Of Beaked Whale Diving Behavior And Odontocete Stock Structure In Hawai‘I In March/April 2006, Robin W. Baird, Gregory S. Schorr, Daniel L. Webster, Daniel J. Mcsweeney, Sabre D. Mahaffy

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Small-boat surveys were undertaken in March/April 2006 off the west side of the island of Hawai‘i for the purposes of obtaining dive data from Blainville’s (Mesoplodon densirostris) and Cuvier’s (Ziphius cavirostris) beaked whales, as well as collecting biopsy samples and photo-identification of these and other species of odontocetes for studies of stock structure and residency patterns. There were 157 sightings of 13 species of odontocetes in 4,264 km of effort, with 120 genetic samples from seven species and over 29,000 photographs from 13 species obtained. Photographic matching to existing catalogs is currently underway for eight species. …

A Survey For Odontocete Cetaceans Off Kaua‘I And Ni‘Ihau, Hawai‘I, During October And November 2005: Evidence For Population Structure And Site Fidelity, Robin W. Baird, Gregory S. Schorr, Daniel L. Webster, Sabre D. Mahaffy, Anne B. Douglas, Antoinette M. Gorgone, Daniel J. Mcsweeney

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Considerable uncertainty exists regarding population structure and population sizes of most species of odontocetes in the Hawaiian Islands. A small-boat based survey for odontocetes was undertaken off the islands of Kaua‘i and Ni‘ihau in October and November 2005 to photoidentify individuals and collect genetic samples for examining stock structure. Field effort on 24 days covered 2,194 km of trackline. Survey coverage was from shallow coastal waters out to over 3,000 m depth, though almost half (47%) was in waters less than 500 m in depth. There were 56 sightings of five species of odontocetes: spinner dolphins (30 sightings); bottlenose dolphins …

Lessons From Monitoring Trends In Abundance Of Marine Mammals, Barbara L. Taylor, Melissa Martinez, Tim Gerrodette, Jay Barlow, Yvana N. Hrovat

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

We assessed scientists’ ability to detect declines of marine mammal stocks based on recent levels of survey effort, when the actual decline is precipitous. We defined a precipitous decline as a 50% decrease in abundance in 15 yr, at which point a stock could be legally classified as “depleted” under the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act.We assessed stocks for three categories of cetaceans: large whales (n = 23, most of which are listed as endangered), beaked whales (n = 11, potentially vulnerable to anthropogenic noise), and small whales/dolphins/porpoises (n = 69, bycatch in fisheries and important abundant …

A Bias Correction For Estimates Of Effective Population Size Based On Linkage Disequilibrium At Unlinked Gene Loci, Robin Waples

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Analysis of linkage disequilibrium (ȓ²=mean squared correlation of allele frequencies at different gene loci) provides a means of estimating effective population size (N_e) from a single sample, but this method has seen much less use than the temporal method (which requires at least two samples). It is shown that for realistic numbers of loci and alleles, the linkage disequilibrium method can provide precision comparable to that of the temporal method. However, computer simulations show that estimates of N_e based on ȓ² for unlinked, diallelic gene loci are sharply biased downwards ( N^ …