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國家倫理委員會（二）, 甫昌 蔡

Journal of Medical Education

國家倫理委員會(national ethics committee)在歐美先進國家之設置與發展已有相當之時日，近年來部分亞洲國家亦開始積極投入，本文回顧各國國家倫理委員會之發展現況，包括美國、英國、德國、荷蘭、法國、丹麥、瑞典、芬蘭、日本、新加坡、南韓，並綜合各國之發展經驗，分析國家倫理委員會之運作模式、功能任務、研討議題等，最後簡介我國已設立之相關委員會。相較之下，我國國家倫理委員會之發展尚屬起步階段，宜吸取先進國家之發展經驗、規劃出適合我國發展之策略，以面對時代之挑戰。

Osce之測驗結果分析：成功大學醫學院經驗, 淳娟 蔡, 其和 林, 琮琳 陳, 可式 趙, 宗烈 葉, 景仁 蔡, 伊凡 張

Journal of Medical Education

醫師的臨床技能需要被確實教導與評量，OSCE(Objective Structured Clinical Examination)是評量臨床技能的重要工具之一，近年來更成為美加與日本醫師執照考試的一部份。本研究目的為報告成大醫學院施行OSCE的早期成效，並示範如何使用心理評量分析，作為給學生回饋、改善課程與未來OSCE測驗品質之依據。本文收集2003至2005年間，在成大醫學院對醫六學生進行OSCE的相關資料，加以整理分析。結果：近三年間醫六OSCE各進行了8,15,8站，其中使用標準化病人站數有5,7,5站，其中四個共通站並沒有造成試題的安全性問題，但學生在各站的表現及考官的給分則差異頗大，以心理測量分析2005年73位考生OSCE分數顯示，此測驗之內部信度為0.62，其中三站乃測量不同面向，最後歸類為三個測量面向後，各面向內部信度分別為0.92, 0.81, 0.77，factor 1稱為一般性臨床技術，factor 2稱為深入性臨床技術，而factor 3則代表一種「操作型技術」(psychomotor skill)特質，學生的操作型技術表現不佳，以邊緣群族法判定及格標準時，有6.8%考生不及格。factor 1,2被發現各有一瑕疵子題需刪除或修改，兩站考官有子題與整體總評差異的問題。結論：研究結果顯示需加強考官訓練，改善評分表設計，提供充裕評分時間，及增加考官人數，以提高測驗品質，測驗後之成績分析對考官與考生之回饋以及改善課程極具貢獻。

美國内科住院醫師訓練, 宗信 朱, 家勳 張, 博生 謝

Journal of Medical Education

美國住院醫師訓練的目標依Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education的建議是培訓住院醫師六項核心能力，即病人照顧、醫學知識、臨床工作中的學習與改善、人際關係與溝通技巧、專業素養，以及制度下的臨床工作。多數醫學院內科提供的住院醫師訓練分為三大類：一為傳統路徑；二為primary care internist路徑；三為preliminary路徑。在美國，為便於住院醫師訓練，內科病房大多是一般內科病房。住院醫師的門診及急診訓練占訓練總時數三分之一以上。內科住院醫師訓練期間為三年，包括至少30個月的一般內科、內科次專科、加護醫學、急診醫學訓練。近幾年來，美國內科住院醫師訓練完畢者每年約7千名，內科專科執照通過率約90%。目前美國內科執業模式可分為三類﹕一般內科醫師、住院病患專責醫師、次專科醫師。為了拉近住院醫師訓練與執業之差距，住院醫師訓練時間要合理分配到各項執業模式並執行高品質、安全、有效、全人醫療之訓練。

醫學生之醫師同理心取向初探, 碧鴻 呂, 秀蓉 陳, 美英 高

Journal of Medical Education

Empathy is an essential part of a meaningful patient-physician relationship and has a positive role in clinical outcomes. Cultivating empathy is considered to be one of the most important objectives of the liberal education for physicians. The purpose of this study is to explore medical students' feelings about physician empathy and to examine the relationship between empathy and specialty preference. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Student Version, JSPE-S Version, was administered to 680 first-year medical students from seven medical schools in two consecutive years starting with the 2003 academic year. The specialty preference of the students was also collected. A …

接受醫學課程整合教育的醫學系三年級和學士後醫學系一年級學生焦慮和憂鬱程度之比較, 正芳 顏, 克明 劉, 春生 賴, 俊雄 黃, 尚志 黃, 尹亭 黃

Journal of Medical Education

高雄醫學大學醫學院是目前台灣唯一具有七年制醫學系和學士後醫學系兩種入學管道的學校，自2005年開始，高醫醫學院進行課程改革，整合基礎和臨床醫學教育課程，並強調問題導向學習。本調查性研究的目的在於：評估和比較接受醫學課程整合教育第一學期的醫學系三年級和學士後醫學系一年級醫學生之焦慮和憂鬱程度；檢驗兩系醫學生在兩次評估中焦慮和憂鬱程度是否有所變化。本研究以前後相隔一個半月時間，邀請兩系醫學生填寫兩次「曾氏心理健康量表(Zung's Anxiety and Depression Scale)」以了解其焦慮和憂鬱的程度，以焦慮和憂鬱分量表的原始總分，和依照常模轉換為百分等級後列於焦慮和憂鬱最嚴重的前百分之十（定義為具有高度焦慮／憂鬱）的人數比例，來比較兩系醫學生在接受醫學課程整合教育第一學期時焦慮和憂鬱程度的差異，以及前後兩次評估嚴重程度的變化。兩次評估結果發現：無論是原始總分或具有高度焦慮/憂鬱的人數比例，皆顯示醫三同學比後醫一同學具有較嚴重的焦慮和憂鬱程度；無論醫三或後醫一同學，前後兩次的焦慮和憂鬱分數皆未有明顯的變化；高比例第一次評估為高焦慮和高憂鬱的醫學生，在第二次評估中仍維持高程度的焦慮和憂鬱。對於醫三和後醫一醫學生接受醫學課程整合教育時焦慮和憂鬱程度的差異，研究者提出可能的解釋，並建議針對接受醫學課程整合教育的醫學生，提供他們所特別需要的輔導計畫。

大學部護理系學生對導師的期待－導師於護理教育中的角色與功能, 雅玲 李, 淑芬 蔡, 孟樺 沈, 媚 張

Journal of Medical Education

An investigation on student nurses' expectation on mentors was probed into the roles and functions of mentor in nursing education. All student nurses in nursing school filled out the questionnaire, and there were 173 available samples. In general, these students were in great need of a mentor. Results indicate that more than 60% of the students want their mentors to offer counseling related to school work, adjustment of living, scholarship application, students' activities, personal and confidential communication, social skills, emotional support, intimacy skills and preparation for future employment. Among these, three areas of need required strongly by students are: information …

The Clinical Skills Unit In An Integrated Medical Curriculum: An Imu Perspective, F. I. Achike

Journal of Medical Education

The astronomical growth in technology and medical information of the last century brought with it innovations in medical education, such as the problem-based learning (PBL) which emphasizes the integration of basic and clinical sciences. The clinical skills unit (CSU) is a major facility for promoting these principles in the PBL-based curriculum of the International Medical University (IMU) which exposes students to clinical scenarios early in their training. The teaching of clinical skills is systems-based, but also holistic. From the first semester through the fifth, students are taught interviewing skills, history taking, physical examination and nursing procedures. After semester 5 they …

Service-Learning: Motivations For K-12 Teachers, Marjori Maddox Krebs

Thesis, Dissertations, Student Creative Activity, and Scholarship

The purpose of this dissertation is to describe the essence of the service-learning experience for K-12 teachers in central and northwest Ohio, specifically exploring teacher motivations for initiating service-learning in the classroom. Service-learning is defined as an educational methodology that incorporates student preparation, service to the community, and reflection, with links to the academic curriculum (Billig, 2002).

Bridgewater Review, Vol. 25, No. 2, December 2006

Bridgewater Review

No abstract provided.

Faculty Profile: Michele Wakin - Understanding Homelessness In America, Andrew C. Holman

Bridgewater Review

No abstract provided.

The Csi Effect And Other Forensic Fictions, Kimberlianne Podlas

Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review

No abstract provided.

Truth In Broadcasting Act: Can It Move The Media Away From Indoctrinating And Back To Informing, Antonella Aloma Castro

Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review

No abstract provided.

Deleting Online Predators Act: I Thought It Was My-Space - How Proposed Federal Regulation Of Commercial Social Networking Sites Chills Constitutionally Protected Speech Of Minors, Lindsay M. Gehman

Loyola of Los Angeles Entertainment Law Review

No abstract provided.

Federal Court Self-Preservation And Terri Schiavo, Jack M. Beermann

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

An Information Prescription For Drug Regulation, Anita Bernstein, Joseph Bernstein

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

"The Refurbishing": Reflections Upon Law And Justice Among The Stages Of Life, Richard O. Brooks

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Testamentary Incorrectness: A Review Essay, Paul D. Carrington

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Beyond Fantasy And Nightmare: A Portrait Of The Jury, Shari Seidman Diamond

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Belief: An Essay In Understanding, Shubha Ghosh

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The American Origins Of Liberal And Illiberal Regimes Of International Economic Governance In The Marshall Court, James Thuo Gathii

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Looking At The Overlooked: Portraits Of Law School Deans, Peter Goodrich

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Iraq Paradox: Minority And Group Rights In A Viable Constitution, Makau Mutua

Buffalo Law Review

On October 15, 2005 an Iraq ravaged by a civil war spawned by the 2003 American invasion and subsequent occupation voted to decide the fate of a permanent constitution for the country. Although many Sunni Arabs took part in the vote, the referendum lost in the three governorates where they form a majority. But the constitution was approved because opponents only succeeded in recording "no" votes larger than two-thirds in only two of Iraq's eighteen provinces, in effect one province short of a veto. A two-thirds rejection in three provinces would have doomed the charter and the transition to a …

Can Direct Democracy Be Made Deliberative, Ethan J. Leib

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Modern Transformation Of Civil Law, George L. Priest

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

Bin Laden's War, David A. Westbrook

Buffalo Law Review

The GWOT/Global Jihad is different from prior conflicts (including the ideological struggle of the Cold War), and these differences have important strategic consequences which are not reflected in current US policy. First, US strategy has proceeded on traditional, and inapposite, understandings of the politics that informs this war. Second, radical neofundamentalism is a new form of political organization, attuned to a globalized world, with a distinctive form of violence quite different from the violence organized by the bureaucratic apparatus of a modern professional military grounded in a nation state. Third, the politics of radical neofundamentalism has strategic consequences. On the …

Speech In, For, And By (?) The "Multiversity": Reflections Of A Recovering President, William R. Greiner

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

University Of Montana Events Monday, Dec. 4, Through Monday, Dec. 11, 2006, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations

University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present

No abstract provided.

No.1 - December 2006, Center Of Civil Law Studies

The Center of Civil Law Studies Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Of Atopobium Vaginae, Ellen De Backer, Rita Verhelst, Hans Verstraelen, Geert Claeys, Gerda Verschraegen, Marleen Temmerman, Mario Vaneechoutte

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: Previous studies have indicated that a recently described anaerobic bacterium, Atopobium vaginae is associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Thus far the four isolates of this fastidious micro-organism were found to be highly resistant to metronidazole and susceptible for clindamycin, two antibiotics preferred for the treatment of BV.

Methods: Nine strains of Atopobium vaginae, four strains of Gardnerella vaginalis, two strains of Lactobacillus iners and one strain each of Bifidobacterium breve, B. longum, L. crispatus, L. gasseri and L. jensenii were tested against 15 antimicrobial agents using the Etest.

Results: All nine strains of A. vaginae were highly resistant to …

Mckillop Library Newsbrief Dec 2006

McKillop Library Newsbrief

No abstract provided.