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2006

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"Eggshell" Victims, Private Precautions, And The Societal Benefits Of Shifting Crime, Robert A. Mikos Nov 2006

"Eggshell" Victims, Private Precautions, And The Societal Benefits Of Shifting Crime, Robert A. Mikos

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

Individuals spend billions of dollars every year on precautions to protect themselves from crime. Yet the legal academy has criticized many private precautions because they merely shift crime onto other, less guarded citizens, rather than reduce crime. The conventional wisdom likens such precaution-taking to rent-seeking: citizens spend resources to shift crime losses onto other victims, without reducing the size of those losses to society. The result is an unambiguous reduction in social welfare. This Article argues that the conventional wisdom is flawed because it overlooks how the law systematically understates the harms suffered by some victims of crime, first, by …

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The News Media's Influence On Criminal Justice Policy: How Market-Driven News Promotes Punitiveness, Sara Sun Beale Nov 2006

The News Media's Influence On Criminal Justice Policy: How Market-Driven News Promotes Punitiveness, Sara Sun Beale

William & Mary Law Review

This Article argues that commercial pressures are determining the news media's contemporary treatment of crime and violence, and that the resulting coverage has played a major role in reshaping public opinion, and ultimately, criminal justice policy. The news media are not mirrors, simply reflecting events in society. Rather, media content is shaped by economic and marketing considerations that frequently override traditional journalistic criteria for newsworthiness. This Article explores local and national television's treatment of crime, where the extent and style of news stories about crime are being adjusted to meet perceived viewer demand and advertising strategies, which frequently emphasize particular …

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Self-Mutilation In Adolescents: Recognizing A Silent Epidemic, Constance Glenn, Susan M. Denisco Nov 2006

Self-Mutilation In Adolescents: Recognizing A Silent Epidemic, Constance Glenn, Susan M. Denisco

Nursing Faculty Publications

This article describes the physical and emotional manifestations of self-mutilation behavior (SMB) in adolescents and provides information about diagnosis and treatment. The authors' own survey of school nurses' on-the-job experience with SMB is presented. Finally, the implications of the problem for nurse practitioners (NPs) who care for teens at risk for SMB are discussed.

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Bioenergetic Analysis Of Female Volleyball, Christine Sjoberg Nov 2006

Bioenergetic Analysis Of Female Volleyball, Christine Sjoberg

Student Work

Volleyball is a demanding sport typified by repeated high intensity bouts of activity consisting of jumping, spiking, diving, and running. Practice sessions for collegiate level play generally last from two to three hours. The total energy requirement for extended practice sessions has not been directly measured and compared to dietary intake to assess whether collegiate athletes’ energy intake meets the energy demand of the sport. The purpose of this study was to establish the energy balance of female collegiate volleyball athletes during typical team training days. A bioenergetic analysis was conducted by directly measuring oxygen consumption (V 02) during actual …

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Bioenergetic Analysis Of Female Volleyball, Christine Sjoberg Nov 2006

Bioenergetic Analysis Of Female Volleyball, Christine Sjoberg

Student Work

Volleyball is a demanding sport typified by repeated high intensity bouts of activity consisting of jumping, spiking, diving, and running. Practice sessions for collegiate level play generally last from two to three hours. The total energy requirement for extended practice sessions has not been directly measured and compared to dietary intake to assess whether collegiate athletes' energy intake meets the energy demand of the sport. The purpose of this study was to establish the energy balance of female collegiate volleyball athletes during typical team training days. A bioenergetic analysis was conducted by directly measuring oxygen consumption (V0 2) during actual …

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Adolescents' Perceptions And Interpretations Of Parental Control: Differentiated By Domain And Type Of Control, Fumiko Kakihara Nov 2006

Adolescents' Perceptions And Interpretations Of Parental Control: Differentiated By Domain And Type Of Control, Fumiko Kakihara

Student Work

In this study, early to middle adolescents’ perceptions and interpretations of psychological control and behavioral control were examined using quasi-experimental methods. A total of sixty-seven adolescents (M—14.25 years, SD = 1.66), consisting of 32 7th/8th graders (M= 12.69 years, SD = .69) and 35 10th/11th graders (M = 15.69 years, SD= .72) responded to hypothetical vignettes depicting everyday interactions between parents and an adolescent involving psychological versus behavioral control, manipulating the levels of control and authority domains. The adolescents were asked to indicate the degree to which the control depicted in the vignettes would indicate parental intrusiveness, their mattering to …

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Off-Site Conditions And Disclosure Duties: Drawing The Line At The Property Line, Florrie Young Roberts Nov 2006

Off-Site Conditions And Disclosure Duties: Drawing The Line At The Property Line, Florrie Young Roberts

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Asserting Tribal Sovereignty Over Cultural Property: Moving Towards Protection Of Genetic Material And Indigenous Knowledge, Debra Harry, Le'a Malia Kanehe Nov 2006

Asserting Tribal Sovereignty Over Cultural Property: Moving Towards Protection Of Genetic Material And Indigenous Knowledge, Debra Harry, Le'a Malia Kanehe

Seattle Journal for Social Justice

No abstract provided.

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Regarding Software As A Material Of Design, E. Blevis, Y.K. Lim, E. Stolterman Nov 2006

Regarding Software As A Material Of Design, E. Blevis, Y.K. Lim, E. Stolterman

DRS Biennial Conference Series

We discuss the idea that software can be considered to be a material of design—an idea introduced in Löwgren & Stolterman’s recent book, “Thoughtful Interaction Design.” We discuss the implications of this idea for regarding software design to be a design discipline within design traditions. In order to characterize this way of thinking and give it some utility, we propose a paradigm for regarding software as a material of design that we call the SoftMat paradigm. We describe a framework for characterizing philosophical viewpoints about design that informs the SoftMat paradigm and that we call VMR—for values, methods, and reasoning. …

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Industrial Design As Contributor To Relieving Child Anxiety In The Course Of Mri Scanning Procedures., S C Coxon Nov 2006

Industrial Design As Contributor To Relieving Child Anxiety In The Course Of Mri Scanning Procedures., S C Coxon

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now a widely used diagnostic imaging procedure that has been employed throughout hospitals all over the world for over twenty years. MRI technology allows doctors and specialists to examine internal parts of the human body such as the brain and spinal chord, without invasive procedures. Studies show that children frequently find MRI scanning daunting and occasionally frightening despite the examinations non-invasive qualities. The principle contributors to this negative experience have been identified as the sterile ambiance of the hospital environment, the claustrophobic tunnel or bore that the patient lies within, the overly warm temperatures, high …

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Architectural Thought Experiments, Verisimilitude And Argumentation In Predicting Architectural Quality, J.L. Heintz Nov 2006

Architectural Thought Experiments, Verisimilitude And Argumentation In Predicting Architectural Quality, J.L. Heintz

DRS Biennial Conference Series

they must predict the future. In this paper, I make a modest proposal for assisting in such ‘predictions’ – a method for testing the degree to which the designed building will actually meet the goals of the client and designer. Combining thought experiments, as used in physics, and Ensembles of Use as proposed by Richard Hill, the tool I propose here – the architectural thought experiment – will, I hope, have the advantage of speed, and can (at least partly) fulfill the role played by physical testing. Through examining the strengths and weaknesses of these and other existing methodologies, I …

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Evaluating Creativity In Design Problem Solving, H Casakin, S Kreitler Nov 2006

Evaluating Creativity In Design Problem Solving, H Casakin, S Kreitler

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This study focused on the assessment of creativity in design problem solving. The purpose was to examine the possibility of grounding the definition of creativity in design in parameters that may be assessed objectively. An empirical research was carried out with students of architecture from first to fifth years. Their design outputs were evaluated by expert judges. The assessment of creativity in design was based on a number of factors dealing with: fluency, flexibility, elaboration, and innovation, as well as aesthetic skills in design representation, fulfillment of design requirements, reference to context, and usefulness. Findings showed that the evaluation of …

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Towards A Definition Of Kansei, P Levy, T Yamanaka Nov 2006

Towards A Definition Of Kansei, P Levy, T Yamanaka

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper introduces a new research aiming at defining the term Kansei using western philosophical concepts. In the literature, all definitions of the term Kansei are imprecise, even incorrect in most of the case. This is mainly due to the fact that Kansei is a Japanese term, which does not have direct translation in any western language. However, a deeper research has to be pursued to bring the research in Kansei, in Kansei Information, in Kansei Science, and so forth to an international level. This objective requires many research fields to meet in an interdisciplinary research environment following the example …

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Teaching Interaction Design: Matters, Materials And Means, S Lundgren, O Torgersson, L Hallnäs, P Ljungstrand, E Eriksson Nov 2006

Teaching Interaction Design: Matters, Materials And Means, S Lundgren, O Torgersson, L Hallnäs, P Ljungstrand, E Eriksson

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The designer works with people, with materials, with products. Designers are seen as people concerned with form, function and surface. But how often is the designer associated with technology? Still programming can be just as a creative activity as drawing. Deriving from experiences from the discipline of Interaction Design, we advocate a wider view on what a designer is and does by describing how we treat computational technology as any other design material and how we train engineering students and others into becoming designers in a technology-oriented environment. Our method to create an education in applied Interaction Design lends ideas …

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How To Develop Basic Research In Communication Design, P.K. Storkerson Nov 2006

How To Develop Basic Research In Communication Design, P.K. Storkerson

DRS Biennial Conference Series

As a matter of competence and legitimacy, Communication design needs the grounding and knowledge that come from basic research. One of the major impediments to basic research in communication design is the lack of theoretical frames by which to apprehend and isolate valid, significant research questions and define research methods. This paper explicates these problems and proposes solutions by outlining a process of defining theory and method and by proposing a specific ontological and epistemological frame within which to conduct research in communication design.

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The “Star” Interaction Design Summer Schools Framework, N. Schadewitz, P. 'Adler' Jorge, W Moncur, J. Roberts Nov 2006

The “Star” Interaction Design Summer Schools Framework, N. Schadewitz, P. 'Adler' Jorge, W Moncur, J. Roberts

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper outlines the intercultural, collaborative nature of Interaction Design summer schools for PhD and Masters students, while describing the design practices and educational methods utilized in such a context. The authors’ experiences as participants and facilitators in combination with data collected from a questionnaire and design patterns workshops are captured in this paper and reflected upon. In conclusion, a framework for organizing and implementing future Interaction Design academies is proposed.

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Human Centering Design Across Dimensions, B. Hanington Nov 2006

Human Centering Design Across Dimensions, B. Hanington

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The uneven application of human centered research and design across disciplines is evident in both practice and education. In particular, graphic or communication design is much less familiar than industrial or interaction design with human research and testing. The underlying human criteria for design activity should know no dimensional boundaries. The creation of printed material to convey information, digital interfaces for devices or web-based interactions, and three-dimensional products and environments, all share a foundation of human use. There is no reason why any design discipline should be disadvantaged in the sensitivity to human factors, and therefore in the exposure to …

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Researching The Research Culture In Art & Design: The Art And Design Index To Theses, T Fisher, J Mottram Nov 2006

Researching The Research Culture In Art & Design: The Art And Design Index To Theses, T Fisher, J Mottram

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The aim of this study is to develop better function and performance for embodiment of electric-powered wheelchair from the aspect of human kansei. Embodiment is the concept which frequently used in robotics or neural science. An embodiment of electric wheelchair is to realize the function which is felt natural like flesh body. We studied it through the two standpoints. One is how it move, the other how we feel (kansei). Kansei is a concept that includes emotion and sensibility. Kansei was defined as an intuitive ability to react and evaluate the values like pleasure and comfort. As we were factoring …

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Defending The Domestic Environment From Advertising: The Commercial Rhetoric Art Project, Steven Mccarthy Nov 2006

Defending The Domestic Environment From Advertising: The Commercial Rhetoric Art Project, Steven Mccarthy

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Commercial Rhetoric Art Project examines advertising’s impact on the domestic environment through a body of creative work. By applying the methodologies of collage, montage and assemblage, commercial messages were subverted, juxtaposed and recontextualized into a critique of consumer culture. Issues of consumption, waste and sustainability are raised, and the role that graphic designers play in this system is questioned.

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Expanding The Boundaries Of Form Theory Developing The Model Evolution Of Form, C Akner. Koler Nov 2006

Expanding The Boundaries Of Form Theory Developing The Model Evolution Of Form, C Akner. Koler

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The design research community is beginning to recognize the organizing capacity of form as a scientific method of its own right. The aim of this study was to a) develop a pedagogically framed case study method that applied a participatory action research approach and b) create a 3-D form model bridging geometric- to organic structures. A 10-step-concept-translation-form method was developed which resulted in a “Evolution of form” model with two axes: The first horizontal axis presents a sequence of geometrically derived forms that gradually take on organic qualities of convexities and concavities. The second axis expands the model in a …

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The Fluid Contemporary Interior, S Yelavich Nov 2006

The Fluid Contemporary Interior, S Yelavich

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper explores the elision of public and private realms in the interior at advent of the 21st century. “The Fluid Contemporary Interior,” covering the mid-1980s to the present, surveys the interior spaces of the house, the apartment, the loft, the office, civic spaces, religious spaces, cultural spaces, retail spaces, restaurants, hotels, and therapeutic spaces. A critical assessment of the social implications of the contemporary interior, this paper examines the fluctuations in design typologies in a globalized era. For example, hospitals are increasingly adopting the form language of spas and health clubs to allay patient's fears and to be more …

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The Status And The Prospects Of Deconstruction In Graphic Design, Dong-Sik Hong, Mijeong Hwang Nov 2006

The Status And The Prospects Of Deconstruction In Graphic Design, Dong-Sik Hong, Mijeong Hwang

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Visual communication design has been represented in varied images from ancient society up until the present time. Especially graphic design, which has experienced artistic upheaval from modernism and postmodernism, has been enabled to deliver messages in a more developed and sensuous appearances. Deconstructionist design wasn't well received by modernism, an advocate of practicality and effectiveness; however, as the beginning of subsequent postmodernism, it started to earn a warm welcome from a number of designers. Postmodernism made it possible for deconstruction to be a new paradigm appreciating neutral respect for varied expressions and designers' idiosyncrasy. Corresponding to this new trend, Edward …

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Developing A Methodology For Assessing Safety Programs Targeting Human Error In Aviation, Scott Shappell, Douglas Wiegmann Nov 2006

Developing A Methodology For Assessing Safety Programs Targeting Human Error In Aviation, Scott Shappell, Douglas Wiegmann

Publications

There is a need to develop an effective methodology for generating comprehensive intervention strategies that map current and proposed safety programs onto well-established types of human error. Two separate studies were conducted using recommendations from NTSB accident investigations and several joint FAA and industry working groups. The goal of the studies was to validate a proposed framework for developing and examining safety initiatives that target human error in aviation. The results suggest five approaches to reducing human factors associated with aviation accidents. When combined with the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System, the resulting Human Factors Intervention Matrix will provide …

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Moving Past Hippies And Harassment: A Historical Approach To Sex, Appearance, And The Workplace, Erica Williamson Nov 2006

Moving Past Hippies And Harassment: A Historical Approach To Sex, Appearance, And The Workplace, Erica Williamson

Duke Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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The Jamaican Female Skills Surplus And Earnings Deficit: A Holistic Explanation, Dawn Richards Elliott Nov 2006

The Jamaican Female Skills Surplus And Earnings Deficit: A Holistic Explanation, Dawn Richards Elliott

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper addresses the poor socio-economic performance of Jamaican females despite superior human capital. A holistic explanation exploring female lifestyle choices is advanced since discipline-specific theories fail to explain occupational clustering and the resulting earnings gap. It is hypothesized that both reflect lifestyle constraints, which may be linked to characteristics of the social environment. Since these constraints affect different groups of women differently, then policies designed to reduce occupational dis-similarity and female-male earnings gap must adapt a dis-aggregated analysis. Catherine Hakim’s model of female dis-aggregation and data from the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Survey, LSMS, are used to advance …

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Arab Women’S Education And Gender Perceptions: An Insider Analysis, Amani Hamdan Nov 2006

Arab Women’S Education And Gender Perceptions: An Insider Analysis, Amani Hamdan

Journal of International Women's Studies

Studies focusing exclusively on the connection between Arab Muslim women’s educational pursuits and their gender perceptions, and how their gender perceptions may have changed as a result of living in two different cultures, are rarely conducted. Additionally, the factors that may influence an Arab Muslim woman’s educational pursuits seem seldom investigated. This article is highlighting some factors that may influence Arab Muslim women’s gender perceptions. In researching Arab Muslim women’s experiences, I considered the diversity and multiplicity of their race, ethnicity, class, and experience. How Arab Muslim women construct the gender aspect of their identities and how these identities may …

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Attitudes Toward Women Managers In Turkey And Pakistan, Semra Güney, Raheel Gohar, Sevcan Kılıç Akıncı, Mehmet Mutlu Akıncı Nov 2006

Attitudes Toward Women Managers In Turkey And Pakistan, Semra Güney, Raheel Gohar, Sevcan Kılıç Akıncı, Mehmet Mutlu Akıncı

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper examines managerial attitudes toward women managers in Turkey and Pakistan by using “Managerial Attitudes toward Women Executives Scale (MATWES)” and draws a cross-cultural comparison between these two countries’ respondents. Significant differences were found in several managerial attitudes between these two countries’ respondents, and both women and men in Turkey have a negative attitude toward women managers as compared to Pakistani respondents. In contrast to the early findings in the literature, women’s attitudes toward women managers in Turkey were more negative than that of men’s while Pakistani women have more favorable attitudes than Turkish women toward women managers. The …

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“A Sea Captain In Her Own Right”: Navigating The Feminist Thought Of Huda Shaarawi, Rula B. Quawas Nov 2006

“A Sea Captain In Her Own Right”: Navigating The Feminist Thought Of Huda Shaarawi, Rula B. Quawas

Journal of International Women's Studies

Huda Shaarawi was one of the first Egyptian women who argued for women’s liberation, starting with education which would lead to full participation in the social and cultural reform and result in social usefulness and in legal and civic equality. A socialist feminist, Shaarawi promoted a successful program for social change not only from within the existing social and political order but also from within the framework of Islam and its value system. She came to be a speaking subject of feminist politics and a feminist living text for the women of her own generation. She was, and still is, …

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‘And Not Destroyed By The Destruction Of The Body’: Documenting Incarceration: Joya Mitra’S Killing Days, Tutun Mukherjee Nov 2006

‘And Not Destroyed By The Destruction Of The Body’: Documenting Incarceration: Joya Mitra’S Killing Days, Tutun Mukherjee

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper discusses an unusual and disturbing narrative of a young student who is incarcerated for four years in Indian jails for participating in an ideological battle with a state government that steadily escalated in violence and brought students like her in direct confrontation with the state machinery. In prison, she is categorized as a ‘political detainee’ and must await her trial which is not allowed to happen until the political dispensation changes. Killing Days is a prison memoir – not of Mitra alone but of all the women she meets and shares pain and anguish with through the period …

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Book Review: American Jezebel: The Uncommon Life Of Anne Hutchinson, The Woman Who Defied The Puritans, Marla Kohlman Nov 2006

Book Review: American Jezebel: The Uncommon Life Of Anne Hutchinson, The Woman Who Defied The Puritans, Marla Kohlman

Journal of International Women's Studies

Review of American Jezebel: The Uncommon Life of Anne Hutchinson, the Woman Who Defied the Puritans by Eve LaPlante

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