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2006

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Ige Production Regulation Via Cd23 Stalk Engagement And Cell Cycle Stimulation, Timothy Hays Caven Jan 2006

Ige Production Regulation Via Cd23 Stalk Engagement And Cell Cycle Stimulation, Timothy Hays Caven

Theses and Dissertations

CD23, the low affinity receptor for IgE, is expressed mainly on B cells and has been shown to regulate IgE production. Previously, recombinant mouse and human CD23 were constructed with a trimerizing isoleucine zipper motif attached in frame to the N-terminus of the entire extracellular CD23 (lz-ECCD23). The goal was to examine the role of the necessity of the CD23 stalk for binding IgE. Using PCR-based mutagenesis to delete the majority of the stalk, binding to IgE was lost. Further studies examined the effect of lz-ECCD23 in preventing IgE from binding FcεRI and therefore acting as a therapeutic agent. It …

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Healing Interior: Using Eastern Design Principles In Hotel Design, Yunju Lee Koh Jan 2006

Healing Interior: Using Eastern Design Principles In Hotel Design, Yunju Lee Koh

Theses and Dissertations

The main goal of this thesis is to explore how interior spaces in hotel designs can provide a less stressful environment and promote health and harmony by using Feng Shui Principles. It will first discuss the principles of Feng Shui and general hotel design, and then move on to demonstrate how the application of Feng Shui principles can be used to create a hotel environment that encourages health and harmony in its occupants. This project will demonstrate principles that not only can be applied to hotel space, but also can be practiced in any other interior space. This thesis, therefore, …

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Connected Classroom Climate And Communication Apprehension: Correlations And Implications Of The Basic Course, Robert E. Carlson, Karen Kangas Dwyer, Shereen G. Bingham, Ana M. Cruz, Marshall Prisbell, Dennis A. Fuss Jan 2006

Connected Classroom Climate And Communication Apprehension: Correlations And Implications Of The Basic Course, Robert E. Carlson, Karen Kangas Dwyer, Shereen G. Bingham, Ana M. Cruz, Marshall Prisbell, Dennis A. Fuss

Basic Communication Course Annual

Although scholars have recommended increasing relational variables in the classroom such as familiarity, acquaintance level, and collaboration to help students moderate communication apprehension (CA), few, if any, academic studies have investigated the relationship between CA and a supportive climate among students in the college classroom. Self-report data were collected from 523 undergraduate students from a Midwestern university who participated in a large curriculum assessment program using the Connected Classroom Climate Inventory (CCCI) and the PRCA-24. Results showed significant relationships between student perceptions of connected-classroom climate and CA levels throughout the course.

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Nephrology Social Work: History In The Making, Teri Browne Jan 2006

Nephrology Social Work: History In The Making, Teri Browne

Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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Fugitive Slaves And Ship-Jumping Sailors: The Enforcement And Survival Of Coerced Labor, Jonathan M. Gutoff Jan 2006

Fugitive Slaves And Ship-Jumping Sailors: The Enforcement And Survival Of Coerced Labor, Jonathan M. Gutoff

Law Faculty Scholarship

This article explores the relationship between the law of maritime labor and the law of slavery. In the eighteenth century, both sailors and slaves were part of a broad regime of unfree labor relations, with slaves, of course, the most oppressed. In the nineteenth century, an era otherwise supposedly devoted to the ideal of "free" labor, sailors and slaves instead remained unfree, subject to federal laws providing for the forced return to their toils if they deserted - the Merchant Seaman's Act and the Fugitive Slave Act. Both of those statutes were deemed to be within Congress' authority, despite questionable …

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Environmental Soil Science: A Marketing Research Strategy, Steven Diamond, Bryce Youngquist, Mariella Horna Jan 2006

Environmental Soil Science: A Marketing Research Strategy, Steven Diamond, Bryce Youngquist, Mariella Horna

Student Works

Before we commenced the research process, three main objectives were set forth by MBS Consulting. The research objectives are as follows: Determine the potential future path of the Environmental Soil Science program. Determine the overall appeal of changing the name of the Environmental Soil Science program. Obtain an understanding of a student's mind-set when selecting a major. MBS Consulting is comprised of Steven Diamond, Bryce Youngquist and Mariella Horna.

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The Original Hawaiian Noni Juice Company: A Study, David Roberts, Aaron Pittard, Max Rogers Jan 2006

The Original Hawaiian Noni Juice Company: A Study, David Roberts, Aaron Pittard, Max Rogers

Student Works

This market study is designed to provide decision-making drivers for the retail market entrance of the Hawaiian Noni product in the retail store environment. The scope of this study includes the entire United States retail health food store market. Kapono Consulting is comprised of David Roberts, Aaron Pittard and Max Rogers.

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Simulated Insect Defoliation And Duration Of Weed Interference Affected Soybean Growth, Travis C. Gustafson, Stevan Z. Knezevic, Thomas E. Hunt, John L. Lindquist Jan 2006

Simulated Insect Defoliation And Duration Of Weed Interference Affected Soybean Growth, Travis C. Gustafson, Stevan Z. Knezevic, Thomas E. Hunt, John L. Lindquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

An improved understanding of crop stress from multiple pests is needed for better implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Field studies were conducted in 2003 and 2004 at two locations in eastern Nebraska to describe the effects of simulated early-season insect defoliation of soybean and duration of weed interference on soybean growth. Three levels of simulated defoliation (undefoliated, 30, and 60%) and seven durations of weed interference (weedy and weed free; weed removal at V2, V4, V6, R3, and R5) were evaluated in a split-plot design. Defoliation significantly reduced soybean leaf-area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), and crop …

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A System For Wintering Beef Heifers Using Dried Distillers Grains, Leslie Aaron Stalker, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein Jan 2006

A System For Wintering Beef Heifers Using Dried Distillers Grains, Leslie Aaron Stalker, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A two-year experiment compared two systems for wintering pregnant heifers. The standard system used by the ranch served as the control (CON) and the treatment system (TRT) included a dried distillers grains based supplement. Heifers in the TRT system were heavier and had greater body condition score at end of supplementation. Calving difficulty, percentage of live calves weaned and subsequent pregnancy rate were similar between systems. Calves born to heifers in the TRT system were heavier at birth and weaning. The TRT system cost $10.47/heifer less than the CON system and resulted in equivalent or improved heifer and calf growth …

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Chemical Composition And Response To Dilute-Acid Pretreatment And Enzymatic Saccharification Of Alfalfa, Reed Canarygrass, And Switchgrass, Bruce S. Dien, Hans-Joachim G. Jung, Kenneth P. Vogel, Michael D. Casler, Joann F. S. Lamb, Loren Iten, Robert C. Mitchell, Gautum Sarath Jan 2006

Chemical Composition And Response To Dilute-Acid Pretreatment And Enzymatic Saccharification Of Alfalfa, Reed Canarygrass, And Switchgrass, Bruce S. Dien, Hans-Joachim G. Jung, Kenneth P. Vogel, Michael D. Casler, Joann F. S. Lamb, Loren Iten, Robert C. Mitchell, Gautum Sarath

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Alfalfa stems, reed canarygrass, and switchgrass; perennial herbaceous species that have potential as biomass energy crops in temperate regions; were evaluated for their bioconversion potential as energy crops. Each forage species was harvested at two or three maturity stages and analyzed for carbohydrates, lignin, protein, lipid, organic acids, and mineral composition. The biomass samples were also evaluated for sugar yields following pretreatment with dilute sulfuric followed by enzymatic saccharification using a commercial cellulase preparation. Total carbohydrate content of the plants varied from 518 to 655 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) and cellulose concentration from 209 to 322 g kg …

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Mutations In Arabidopsis Yellow Stripe-Like1 And Yellow Stripe-Like3 Reveal Their Roles In Metal Ion Homeostasis And Loading Of Metal Ions In Seeds, Brian M. Waters, Heng-Hsuan Chu, Raymond J. Didonato, Louis A. Roberts, Robynn B. Eisley, Brett Lahner, David E. Salt, Elsbeth L. Walker Jan 2006

Mutations In Arabidopsis Yellow Stripe-Like1 And Yellow Stripe-Like3 Reveal Their Roles In Metal Ion Homeostasis And Loading Of Metal Ions In Seeds, Brian M. Waters, Heng-Hsuan Chu, Raymond J. Didonato, Louis A. Roberts, Robynn B. Eisley, Brett Lahner, David E. Salt, Elsbeth L. Walker

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Here, we describe two members of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) family, AtYSL1 and AtYSL3. The YSL1 and YSL3 proteins are members of the oligopeptide transporter family and are predicted to be integral membrane proteins. YSL1 and YSL3 are similar to the maize (Zea mays) YS1 phytosiderophore transporter (ZmYS1) and the AtYSL2 iron (Fe)-nicotianamine transporter, and are predicted to transport metal-nicotianamine complexes into cells. YSL1 and YSL3 mRNAs are expressed in both root and shoot tissues, and both are regulated in response to the Fe status of the plant. β-Glucuronidase reporter expression, driven by …

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Annotated Legal Bibliography On Gender Jan 2006

Annotated Legal Bibliography On Gender

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

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Nutrient Constraints On Plant Community Production And Organic Matter Accumulation Of Subtropical Floating Marshes, Guerry O., Jr. Holm Jr. Jan 2006

Nutrient Constraints On Plant Community Production And Organic Matter Accumulation Of Subtropical Floating Marshes, Guerry O., Jr. Holm Jr.

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In the cycle of delta growth and decay, peat-forming wetlands span a time and space continuum. Later in the delta cycle, freshwater floating marshes become increasingly removed from external sediment subsidy and internal nutrient cycling controls plant productivity and organic matter accumulation. An interesting question is whether increased external nutrient loading can affect the basic processes that lead to peat formation—plant production and organic matter decomposition. I conducted several field studies to understand whether belowground organic matter accumulation and decomposition were affected with increased nutrient exposure; in addition, the plant community was monitored over three years. A laboratory soil respiration …

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Louisiana Cotton, Rice, Soybean And Sugarcane Farmer Stakeholders: Who Are They And What Are Their Perceptions Of Farming Practices As Related To The Environment, Robert James Soileau Jan 2006

Louisiana Cotton, Rice, Soybean And Sugarcane Farmer Stakeholders: Who Are They And What Are Their Perceptions Of Farming Practices As Related To The Environment, Robert James Soileau

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study identified the stakeholders of Louisiana plant commodity farmers and rated them in terms of importance. Findings of this study show that farmers/ranchers, LSU AgCenter Experiment Station Research personnel, family, consumers, farm labor and agriculture chemical, fertilizer and seed dealers are the most important stakeholders. The second aspect of this study was to discover the stakeholder perceptions of agricultural practices and their relationship to the environment. An environmental perceptions survey was conducted with two of the most important stakeholder groups identified – Experiment Station Research Faculty associated with plant commodities and Louisiana consumers. LSU AgCenter Experiment Station Research Faculty …

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Communicating The Modern Entrepreneurial University In The 21st Century: A Case Study Of Academic Capitalism And Media Messaging In The Pursuit Of Revenues And National Prominence At Louisiana State University, Charles F. Zewe Jan 2006

Communicating The Modern Entrepreneurial University In The 21st Century: A Case Study Of Academic Capitalism And Media Messaging In The Pursuit Of Revenues And National Prominence At Louisiana State University, Charles F. Zewe

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

American public universities have passed through three stages of development: the religious, the philanthropic/land-grant, and the federal research university. Squeezed by government budget cuts and demands for more money to pay for research and faculty raises, U.S. higher education has entered a fourth phase, the entrepreneurial university. Public universities are increasingly capitalizing on the intellectual property of their faculty and students to sustain themselves and expand. Administrators spout free-market rhetoric as faculty attempt to commercialize research by creating spin-off companies. Using Louisiana State University as a case study, this dissertation, applies a combination of organizational knowledge creation and resource dependence …

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The Response Of The National School Lunch Program And Food Stamp Program In Southern Louisiana In The Wake Of Hurricanes Katrina And Rita, Emily Sashel Whelan Jan 2006

The Response Of The National School Lunch Program And Food Stamp Program In Southern Louisiana In The Wake Of Hurricanes Katrina And Rita, Emily Sashel Whelan

LSU Master's Theses

This study was designed to understand the response of the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and the Food Stamp Program (FSP) in southern Louisiana during Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. This study used portions of the PRECEDE/PROCEED model to develop the questions for the interviews and interpret the barriers and enabling and reinforcing factors with regard to changes in policy, budget, reporting, and program administration after the hurricanes. Information collected from this research seeks, not only to contribute to the literature on this topic, but to be made available to policymakers and program administrators to make informed decisions. The effects of …

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Once Proud Princes: Planters And Plantation Culture In Louisiana's Northeast Delta, From The First World War Through The Great Depression, James Matthew Reonas Jan 2006

Once Proud Princes: Planters And Plantation Culture In Louisiana's Northeast Delta, From The First World War Through The Great Depression, James Matthew Reonas

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The Delta country of northeast Louisiana is a richly productive alluvial region stretching south from the Arkansas line to the confluence of the Red and Mississippi Rivers below Natchez. As the source of great cotton fortunes made during antebellum times, it reflected the Old South ideal and, for several decades after the end of the Civil War, remained firmly grounded in this old plantation culture. The economic depression of the 1890s and the coming of the boll weevil in the early 1900s, however, signaled a gradual decline that turned into full-blown dissolution in the years following the First World War. …

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Control Of Listeria Species And Other Bacteria In Crawfish And Crab Processing Facilities, Utilizing Copper Drains, Coatings And Concrete, Containing Copper Ions, Artem S. Rogovskyy Jan 2006

Control Of Listeria Species And Other Bacteria In Crawfish And Crab Processing Facilities, Utilizing Copper Drains, Coatings And Concrete, Containing Copper Ions, Artem S. Rogovskyy

LSU Master's Theses

The antibacterial properties of copper ions against Listeria spp., Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli and other coliforms, and total aerobic bacteria have been investigated in seafood processing environments. Our hypothesis was that drains fabricated from copper and coatings and concrete containing copper ions that have been used for sealing floors and walls could be utilized in crawfish and crab processing facilities as an effective means of controlling Listeria spp. and other unwanted bacteria. Copper in the form of copper sulfate pentahydrate was incorporated into coatings and concrete at the salt concentration of 25 ppm (6.36 ppm Cu++). Sampling sites were selected …

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Detection And Survival Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Cattle Water Troughs And The Effects Of Cetylpyridinium Chloride Against Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Biofilms On The Surface Of Stainless Steel, Sajida Begum Plauche Jan 2006

Detection And Survival Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Cattle Water Troughs And The Effects Of Cetylpyridinium Chloride Against Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Biofilms On The Surface Of Stainless Steel, Sajida Begum Plauche

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an emerging food pathogen that was first identified as a cause of illness in 1982. According to CDC (The Center for Disease Control and Prevention) estimates, E. coli O157:H7 is responsible for about 73,000 illnesses, 2,000 hospitalizations and 60 deaths in the United States each year. Cattle are the principal reservoir of E. coli O157:H7. Contamination of feed and drinking water with cattle feces is an importance factor in the prevalence of infection in cattle which, in turn, results in contamination of food and the environment. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a very persistent pathogen and has …

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Direct Detection Of Homocysteine And Syntheses Of Lanthanide Complexes As Biosensors, Weihua Wang Jan 2006

Direct Detection Of Homocysteine And Syntheses Of Lanthanide Complexes As Biosensors, Weihua Wang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

At elevated levels, homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer’s disease. It’s also implicated in a number of other diseases such as neural tube defects, pregnancy complications, and renal failures. The monitoring of Hcy levels in plasma is of current concern. To date, the biochemical mechanism by which Hcy is involved in disease states is unclear. Herein, we describe highly selective colorimetric methods for the direct determination of Hcy. Inexpensive, commercially available materials are reported. The results show potential application for the detection of Hcy in human blood plasma. Additionally, new HPLC postcolumn detection methods for …

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Analysis Of Consumer Attitudes And Their Willingness To Pay For Functional Foods, Cate Nakaweesa Munene Jan 2006

Analysis Of Consumer Attitudes And Their Willingness To Pay For Functional Foods, Cate Nakaweesa Munene

LSU Master's Theses

Survey data collected from randomly selected participants within the four geographical regions of the U.S. were used to evaluate consumer attitudes towards functional foods and determine their willingness to pay for these foods. Contingent valuation using the payment card method was used to elicit premiums that consumers are willing to pay for a spread that maintains a healthy heart (spread A), a spread that is proven to significantly reduce cholesterol (spread B) and a loaf of bread that may reduce the risk of heart disease and certain cancers (bread A). Ordered probit regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect …

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Who Said "Words Can Never Hurt?": An Investigation Of Child Weight Status, Childhood Psycosocial Variables, And Later Adult Quality Of Life, Holly Spencer Kihm Jan 2006

Who Said "Words Can Never Hurt?": An Investigation Of Child Weight Status, Childhood Psycosocial Variables, And Later Adult Quality Of Life, Holly Spencer Kihm

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The first purpose of the research project was to examine the relationship between child weight status and adult quality of life. The second purpose of the research project was to test psychosocial variables as mediators of the relationship between child weight status and adult quality of life. A total of 164 undergraduate and graduate students from Louisiana State University participated in the study. The students completed five online questionnaires that were used to assess variables such as child weight status, adult weight status, history of childhood teasing experiences, child self-concept, and adult quality of life. Several statistical analyses were employed …

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Phenolic Composition And Antioxidant Activity Of Sweetpotatoes [Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam], Malkeet Singh Padda Jan 2006

Phenolic Composition And Antioxidant Activity Of Sweetpotatoes [Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam], Malkeet Singh Padda

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The influence of numerous factors on sweetpotato phenolic content and antioxidant activity was determined. Simplified, robust, and rapid methodologies were developed to quantify total phenolics and individual phenolic acids in sweetpotatoes. Quantification of total phenolic content using Folin-Denis reagent provided more reliable results than Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Individual phenolic acids were quantified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the best separation was achieved using a 5-µm, 4.6 × 250 mm column with a mobile phase of 1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution: acetonitrile: 2-propanol (70:22:8), pH 2.5. Methanol and ethanol provided higher phenolic extraction efficiency than acetone. In general, …

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The Effect Of A Condensed Tannin Containing Forage, Sericea Lespedeza On Existing And Challenge Infections Of Haemonchus Contortus In Sheep, Leigh Ann Chafton Jan 2006

The Effect Of A Condensed Tannin Containing Forage, Sericea Lespedeza On Existing And Challenge Infections Of Haemonchus Contortus In Sheep, Leigh Ann Chafton

LSU Master's Theses

Haemonchus contortus is one of the most threatening parasites to small ruminant production. Control has traditionally relied on the use of anthelmintics. Control has waned because the worm population has developed resistance to most of the currently available anthelmintics and alternative control measures are needed. Current consumer pressure is to reduce the use of chemicals in agricultural products, thus pushing control methods to more natural and acceptable approaches. One such approach is the feeding of condensed tannin containing forages either as fresh forage or dried products (hay, meal, pellets, etc). This study was conducted to determine the effect of a …

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Caregiver's Perceptions Of The Ability Of Orphanages To Meet Child Development Needs: A Polish Case Study, Marta Zych Jan 2006

Caregiver's Perceptions Of The Ability Of Orphanages To Meet Child Development Needs: A Polish Case Study, Marta Zych

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the perceptions of caregivers in a Polish orphanage about how well orphanages support child development. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with eleven caregivers, I explored their opinions about what does and does not work well to support a child’s developmental needs in the areas of physical growth and health, cognitive growth, emotional development and in particular the ability to form secure attachments, and the development of life and social skills. This case study also involved observations of children in an oprhange setting and a document analysis. The aim of this study was to …

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The Role Of Technology In The Interactions Between Secondary School Library Media Specialists And Teachers, Shirley Benson Mcdonald Jan 2006

The Role Of Technology In The Interactions Between Secondary School Library Media Specialists And Teachers, Shirley Benson Mcdonald

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Statewide studies of school library media centers in at least sixteen states (other than Louisiana) indicate that effective school library media center programs have a positive impact on student achievement. According to these studies, effective school library media centers have: (a) a qualified library media specialist, (b) adequate support staff, (c) current and large collections, (d) access to information technology that is integrated into the curriculum, and (e) time for collaboration with the faculty. This study was developed to explore the role of technology in the collaborations between school library media specialists and teachers. Data revealed that interactions between school …

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Understanding Parents' Decisions About Serving Vegetables To Their Children, Alissa Villarrubia Jan 2006

Understanding Parents' Decisions About Serving Vegetables To Their Children, Alissa Villarrubia

LSU Master's Theses

With the increasing rate of childhood obesity it is important to examine obesity prevention programs and strategies. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) has been identified as a successful framework to examine and understand human behavior and obesity prevention research. However, there is limited support for the TPB regarding its use and efficacy for understanding parents’ influence on the health behavior of their children. The purpose of this study was to: (a) describe the most common behavioral, normative, and control beliefs of parents’ serving vegetables to their children; (b) examine the social cognitive correlates of parents’ intentions to serve vegetables …

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Racial Disparities, Birth Outcomes, And Changing Demographics Of East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, Misty D. Richard Jan 2006

Racial Disparities, Birth Outcomes, And Changing Demographics Of East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, Misty D. Richard

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Racial and socioeconomic disparities persist throughout the country regardless of which specific disparity is studied; however, some geographic regions experience more significant racial disparities. East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana has a large racial disparity among birth outcomes. Many factors impact the degree of racial disparities, some of which include racial segregation, isolation, or centralization, access to and quality of medical care, and factors of the neighborhood environment. EBRP has undergone dramatic shifts in the demographics of its residents. The purpose of this dissertation was to study the demographic changes in the population; as well as to study the disparities among …

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Effects Of Diesel-Fuel And Copper Contaminants On Benthic Microalgae, Soraya Silva Jan 2006

Effects Of Diesel-Fuel And Copper Contaminants On Benthic Microalgae, Soraya Silva

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Salt marshes are dynamic, highly productive habitats and serve as nursery grounds for many commercially and economically important species. Benthic microalgae (BMA) are considered an important food source for benthos and provide the principal source of nutrition that fuels secondary production. Estuarine sediments around the world are a repository for many contaminants from anthropogenic sources. In particular, hydrocarbons and metals are ubiquitous contaminants in coastal systems. The primary goal of this study was to study the effects of diesel fuel and copper, alone and in combination, on the BMA assemblage from a coastal salt marsh. To achieve this objective, salt …

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Phylogeny Of Hinterhubera, Novenia And Related Genera Based On The Nuclear Ribosomal (Nr) Dna Sequence Data (Asteraceae: Astereae), Vesna Karaman Jan 2006

Phylogeny Of Hinterhubera, Novenia And Related Genera Based On The Nuclear Ribosomal (Nr) Dna Sequence Data (Asteraceae: Astereae), Vesna Karaman

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Analyses of ITS, ETS and matK sequences for genera of the subtribe Hinterhuberinae, including representatives of 17 subtribes from the tribe Astereae, rooted on Anthemideae, Calenduleae and Inuleae, provide no support for the monophyly of the Hinterhuberinae. Chiliotrichum and Celmisia groups, Olearia in part, Novenia, Oritrophium and Pteronia are in the basal group that also includes subtribe Felicinae. Madagaster, Remya, Olearia in part, Achnophora and Hinterhubera group lie in the Southern Hemisphere grade, with Asterinae, Bellidinae, Brachycominae, Grangeinae, Podocominae, Lagenophorinae and Baccharidinae. Monophyly of Asterinae, Grangeinae, Podocominae and Lagenophorinae is not supported. Instead South American representatives of Lagenophorinae, Grangeinae and …

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