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2006

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Providing New Opportunities To Adolescent Girls In Socially Conservative Settings: The Ishraq Program In Rural Upper Egypt, Martha Brady, Ragui Assaad, Barbara L. Ibrahim, Abeer Salem, Rania Salem, Nadia Zibani Jan 2006

Providing New Opportunities To Adolescent Girls In Socially Conservative Settings: The Ishraq Program In Rural Upper Egypt, Martha Brady, Ragui Assaad, Barbara L. Ibrahim, Abeer Salem, Rania Salem, Nadia Zibani

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Out-of-school girls are among the most disadvantaged adolescents in rural Upper Egypt. Compared with girls attending school, they are more likely to be engaged in poorly paid farm work, more likely to be married early, and at greater risk for early childbearing and poor pregnancy outcomes. To respond to their situation, through the partnership of Caritas, the Center for Development and Population Activities, the Population Council, and Save the Children, the Ishraq program was designed: a holistic intervention to address the unmet needs of out-of-school adolescent girls. The pilot phase of Ishraq was launched in four rural villages of one …

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Late Marriage And The Hiv Epidemic In Sub-Saharan Africa, John Bongaarts Jan 2006

Late Marriage And The Hiv Epidemic In Sub-Saharan Africa, John Bongaarts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This Population Council working paper assesses the potential roles of late age at marriage and a long period of premarital sexual activity as population risk factors for HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. The relationship between marital status and the prevalence and incidence of HIV is examined with ecological data from 33 countries in the region and with individual-level data from nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys in Kenya and Ghana in 2003. The ecological analysis finds a significant positive correlation between HIV prevalence and the median age at first marriage, and between HIV prevalence and the interval between first sex …

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The Political Demography Of The World System, 2000-2050, Paul Demeny, Geoffrey Mcnicoll Jan 2006

The Political Demography Of The World System, 2000-2050, Paul Demeny, Geoffrey Mcnicoll

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Population policies are deliberately constructed or modified institutional arrangements and/or specific programs through which governments influence, directly or indirectly, demographic change. For any given country, the aim of population policy may be narrowly construed as bringing about quantitative changes in the membership of the territorially circumscribed population under the government’s jurisdiction. Governments’ concern with population matters can also extend beyond the borders of their own jurisdictions. Thus, international aspects of population policy have become increasingly salient. This Population Council working paper briefly discusses how individual and collective interests were reconciled in traditional societies, summarizes the population policy approaches adopted by …

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In Our Own Hands: Swaa-Ghana Champions The Female Condom, Kathleen Cravero, Michelle Skaer, Victoria Ebin, Martha Brady Jan 2006

In Our Own Hands: Swaa-Ghana Champions The Female Condom, Kathleen Cravero, Michelle Skaer, Victoria Ebin, Martha Brady

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This issue of Quality/Calidad/Qualité describes the vital role played by the Ghana branch of the Society for Women and AIDS in Africa (SWAA) in introducing the female condom, the only female-controlled method for protection from HIV. By addressing issues of gender inequity and communication within relationships, SWAA used the female condom to empower women to regain control of their bodies. Also in this issue are profiles of three other approaches to programming for the female condom from Brazil, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.

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Providing New Opportunities To Adolescent Girls In Socially Conservative Settings: The Ishraq Program In Rural Upper Egypt [Arabic], Martha Brady, Ragui Assaad, Barbara L. Ibrahim, Abeer Salem, Rania Salem, Nadia Zibani Jan 2006

Providing New Opportunities To Adolescent Girls In Socially Conservative Settings: The Ishraq Program In Rural Upper Egypt [Arabic], Martha Brady, Ragui Assaad, Barbara L. Ibrahim, Abeer Salem, Rania Salem, Nadia Zibani

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

In the absence of intervention, poor, rural, unschooled girls in conservative and low-income communities throughout West Asia and North Africa, and indeed elsewhere, are destined to a life of poverty, illiteracy, early marriage, high fertility, and poor health. This report describes Ishraq, a well-designed, multidimensional skill-building program, that has altered this scenario in Upper Egypt by intervening early (around the time of puberty). The challenge for Ishraq is to link these girls, their families, and communities to the widening opportunities and rights structures of their countries through political participation, strong partnerships, and effective links among civil society, local and national …

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Spending, Saving And Borrowing: Perceptions And Experiences Of Girls In Gujarat, Shveta Kalyanwala, Jennefer Sebstad Jan 2006

Spending, Saving And Borrowing: Perceptions And Experiences Of Girls In Gujarat, Shveta Kalyanwala, Jennefer Sebstad

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Recognizing that a better understanding of the savings patterns and potential of adolescent girls and young women is an essential prerequisite for shaping the design of appropriate savings options and services for this group, SEWA, a leading micro-credit nongovernmental organization in India, in partnership with the Population Council, conducted research among adolescent girls and young women who held accounts in one or more of SEWA’s savings schemes. The study aimed to assess their access to money, their savings and spending behaviors, their experiences as holders of savings accounts, and their preferences with regard to savings products for the young. Findings …

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She Knew Only When The Garland Was Put Around Her Neck': Findings From An Exploratory Study On Early Marriage In Rajasthan, K.G. Santhya, Nicole Haberland, Ajay Kumar Singh Jan 2006

She Knew Only When The Garland Was Put Around Her Neck': Findings From An Exploratory Study On Early Marriage In Rajasthan, K.G. Santhya, Nicole Haberland, Ajay Kumar Singh

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Population Council undertook an exploratory, qualitative study in two districts in Rajasthan, India to understand the extent of implementation of various policies and programs intended to prevent early marriage, and the extent to which such efforts have found acceptability among parents and the community. Findings show that adolescent girls had a clear desire to marry after the age of 18 and that they were well aware of what they would have to give up with marriage—their education, childhood, health, and opportunities to explore other interests. Some parents also noted these disadvantages of early marriage, suggesting that beliefs may be …

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Tap And Reposition Youth (Try): Prestar Apoio Social E Oportunidades De Microcrédito E De Poupanças A Mulheres Jovens Em Áreas Com Uma Prevalência De Vih Elevada, Annabel Erulkar, Judith Bruce, Erica Chong, Aleke Dondo, Jennefer Sebstad, James K. Matheka, Arjmand Banu Khan, Anne Gathuku Jan 2006

Tap And Reposition Youth (Try): Prestar Apoio Social E Oportunidades De Microcrédito E De Poupanças A Mulheres Jovens Em Áreas Com Uma Prevalência De Vih Elevada, Annabel Erulkar, Judith Bruce, Erica Chong, Aleke Dondo, Jennefer Sebstad, James K. Matheka, Arjmand Banu Khan, Anne Gathuku

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Nairobi, no Quénia, acolhe uma dos maiores populações de bairros pobres na África subsariana. Os adolescentes que vivem nesses bairros, especialmente as jovens, stão privadas dos ambientes potencialmente seguros das suas escolas e famílias e não têm oportunidades económicas seguras. O desemprego é uma enorme preocupação para as jovens adolescentes e as circunstâncias desesperantes obriga-as a sobreviver conforme podem: 21% das jovens sexualmente activas entre os 15–19 anos de idade admitiram que têm relações sexuais em troca de dinheiro ou ofertas. Essa vulnerabilidade acrescida reflecte-se nas taxas da infecção pelo VIH. Em resposta a essas circunstâncias, o Population Council e …

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Marriage And Childbirth As Factors In School Exit: An Analysis Of Dhs Data From Sub-Saharan Africa, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Barbara Mensch Jan 2006

Marriage And Childbirth As Factors In School Exit: An Analysis Of Dhs Data From Sub-Saharan Africa, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Barbara Mensch

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper explores the potential importance of marriage and childbirth as determinants of school-leaving in sub-Saharan Africa and identifies some of the common underlying factors that contribute to premature school-leaving and early marriage and childbearing. Results suggests that the reproductive health community should see early marriage as a central area of concern for adolescent reproductive health. Policies that inform parents about the value of starting their children in school on time are likely to have beneficial effects both for grade attainment and for adolescent reproductive health regardless of school quality.

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Fiscal Year 2005-2006 Annual Report, Tenncare (Program) Jan 2006

Fiscal Year 2005-2006 Annual Report, Tenncare (Program)

Annual Reports

The pages of this report detail the design and operation of the TennCare program, including eligibility and enrollment information, overviews of the managed care network, budget figures and a summary of the reform initiatives that created the program Tennessee operates today. The report also highlights several notable accomplishments over the past year.

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Placing Court Records Online: Balancing Judicial Accountability With Public Trust And Confidence: An Analysis Of State Court Electronic Access Policies And A Proposal For South Dakota Court Records, Lynn E. Sudbeck Jan 2006

Placing Court Records Online: Balancing Judicial Accountability With Public Trust And Confidence: An Analysis Of State Court Electronic Access Policies And A Proposal For South Dakota Court Records, Lynn E. Sudbeck

South Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Safety And Security, Jeremy J. Waldron Jan 2006

Safety And Security, Jeremy J. Waldron

Nebraska Law Review

When people talk, as they often do, about a trade-off between security and liberty—when they say (as many people said after September 11, 2001) that we need to adjust the balance between security and civil liberties—what do they mean by security? Talk of a liberty-security balance has become so common that many view it as just an ambient feature of our political environment: "[I]t has become a part of the drinking water in this country that there has been a tradeoff of liberty for security, . . . that we have had to encroach upon civil liberty and trade some …

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Welfare, Cash Grants, And Marginal Rates, Daniel N. Shaviro Jan 2006

Welfare, Cash Grants, And Marginal Rates, Daniel N. Shaviro

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Appellate Practice And Procedure, Ladawn H. Conway, Holly M. Church Jan 2006

Appellate Practice And Procedure, Ladawn H. Conway, Holly M. Church

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Insurance Law, J. Price Collins, Ashley E. Frizzell Jan 2006

Insurance Law, J. Price Collins, Ashley E. Frizzell

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Deceptive Trade Practices - Consumer Protection Act, A. Michael Ferrill, Leslie Sara Hyman, Sara Davis Jan 2006

Deceptive Trade Practices - Consumer Protection Act, A. Michael Ferrill, Leslie Sara Hyman, Sara Davis

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

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National Security, John Harrington, Carrie Newton Lyons, Walter Gary Sharp Sr., Barry Kellman Jan 2006

National Security, John Harrington, Carrie Newton Lyons, Walter Gary Sharp Sr., Barry Kellman

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

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International Environmental Law, Wil Burns, Kyle W. Danish, Joseph W. Dellapenna, David R. Downes Jan 2006

International Environmental Law, Wil Burns, Kyle W. Danish, Joseph W. Dellapenna, David R. Downes

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

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International Health Law, Jonathan Todres, Pamela L. Marcogliese, Laurel R. Hyle Jan 2006

International Health Law, Jonathan Todres, Pamela L. Marcogliese, Laurel R. Hyle

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

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An Escape From Reason: Genocide And The International Commission Of Inquiry On Darfur, Nsongurua J. Udombana Jan 2006

An Escape From Reason: Genocide And The International Commission Of Inquiry On Darfur, Nsongurua J. Udombana

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

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Application Of The Precautionary Principle To The Moon, Paul B. Larsen Jan 2006

Application Of The Precautionary Principle To The Moon, Paul B. Larsen

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

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There Is No Complete, Implied, Or Field Federal Preemption Of State Law Personal Injury/Wrongful Death Negligence Or Product Liability Claims In General Aviation Cases, John D. Mcclune Jan 2006

There Is No Complete, Implied, Or Field Federal Preemption Of State Law Personal Injury/Wrongful Death Negligence Or Product Liability Claims In General Aviation Cases, John D. Mcclune

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

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Never Let Me Clone? Countering An Ethical Argument Against The Reproductive Cloning Of Humans, Yvette Pearson Jan 2006

Never Let Me Clone? Countering An Ethical Argument Against The Reproductive Cloning Of Humans, Yvette Pearson

Philosophy Faculty Publications

In the March 2006 issue of EMBO reports, Christof Tannert, a bioethicist at the Max Delbrück Research Centre in Berlin, Germany, presented a moral argument against human reproductive cloning on the basis of Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative (Tannert, 2006). In this article, I address some problems with Tannert’s views and show that our concerns about this prospective procedure should prompt us to scrutinize carefully the conventional procreative practices and attitudes. Indeed, if we set aside objections that are grounded in genetic determinism, many of the offensive features of human cloning are identical to problems with procreation by more conventional means, …

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Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma In A Patient With Graves' Disease, Mehmet Özdoğan, Ahmet Gürer, Beki̇r Çakir, Si̇bel Orhun, İsmai̇l Gömceli̇, Selma Göğkuş, Raci̇ Aydin Jan 2006

Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma In A Patient With Graves' Disease, Mehmet Özdoğan, Ahmet Gürer, Beki̇r Çakir, Si̇bel Orhun, İsmai̇l Gömceli̇, Selma Göğkuş, Raci̇ Aydin

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

ZDOĞAN^1, Ahmet GÜRER^1, Bekir ÇAKIR^2, Sibel ORHUN^3, İsmail GÖMCELİ^1, Selma GÖĞKUŞ^1, Raci AYDIN^1 ^1Department of General Surgery, Atatürk Educational and Research Hospital, Ankara - Turkey ^2Department of Endocrinology, Atatürk Educational and Research Hospital, Ankara - Turkey ^3Department of Pathology, Atatürk Educational and Research Hospital, Ankara - Turkey

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Cover And Contents Jan 2006

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

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The Effect Of Erythropoietin In Acute Pancreatitis: An Experimental Study, Ari̇fe Polat Düzgün, Nuretti̇n Kahramansoy, Mahi̇ Balci Özgedi̇k, M. Mahi̇r Özmen, Selda Seçki̇n, Faruk Coşkun Jan 2006

The Effect Of Erythropoietin In Acute Pancreatitis: An Experimental Study, Ari̇fe Polat Düzgün, Nuretti̇n Kahramansoy, Mahi̇ Balci Özgedi̇k, M. Mahi̇r Özmen, Selda Seçki̇n, Faruk Coşkun

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Although the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis is not clearly known, the most frequently mentioned factors are proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO), which is stimulated by bacterial endotoxins. The relationship of erythropoietin (EPO), which is an erythroid line growth hormone, with proinflammatory cytokines and NO is also not clear. EPO has a well-known general tissue protective effect, yet its role in an inflammatory presentation like that of acute pancreatitis has not been investigated and documented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of EPO in acute pancreatitis. Materials and Methods: 60 Wistar Albino rats were …

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A Selective Ideational Apraxic Agraphia For Consonants, Serpi̇l Demi̇rci̇ Jan 2006

A Selective Ideational Apraxic Agraphia For Consonants, Serpi̇l Demi̇rci̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: The proposed graphemic area in the dominant hemisphere contains letter representations that are responsible for guiding the skilled movements required for writing and for recognition of the physical features of letters. Dysfunction in this system may cause apraxic agraphia. In this study, writing performance of a right-handed, left hemisphere damaged, 12-year old apraxic agraphic patient with a native language of shallow ortography is analysed. Methods: Writing performance was evaluated with several different word lists, each holding same amount of letters, novel words (non-word), words, functors, and high-imagery and low-imagery words. Non-words were derived from words by changing a single …

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Exposure Of Rats To Whole Body Gamma Rays Induces Early Alterations In Biliary Secretion, Omar Mohamed Abdel-Salam, Ihsan Hadajat, Ayman Ragab Baiuomy, Siham El-Shinawy, Mahmoud S. Arbid Jan 2006

Exposure Of Rats To Whole Body Gamma Rays Induces Early Alterations In Biliary Secretion, Omar Mohamed Abdel-Salam, Ihsan Hadajat, Ayman Ragab Baiuomy, Siham El-Shinawy, Mahmoud S. Arbid

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: To study the effects of whole body gamma irradiation on bile flow and bile composition in rats. Methods: Three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated with a single 8 gray (Gy) fraction for 15-20 min and examined for bile secretion at different time intervals (18, 48, 72 h) after irradiation. For collection of biliary secretions, rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal (i.p.) urethane (1.25 g/kg) and equipped with biliary cannulas inserted into the bile duct through the sphincter of Oddi. Bile was collected for 4 h following bile duct cannulation. Bile flow (bile-pancreatic juice) and biliary excretion of total …

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In Vitro Effects Of Prostaglandin F_{2a} And Metamizol On The Motility Of Diluted Bull Semen, İzzet Karahan, Gaffari̇ Türk, Seyfetti̇n Gür Jan 2006

In Vitro Effects Of Prostaglandin F_{2a} And Metamizol On The Motility Of Diluted Bull Semen, İzzet Karahan, Gaffari̇ Türk, Seyfetti̇n Gür

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of the present study was to investigate in vitro effects of prostaglandin F_2 alpha (PGF_{2a}) and metamizol on the motility of diluted bull semen during short-term storage at 4 ºC. In this study, 3 healthy adult Brown-Swiss bulls, each 3 years old, were used. Semen samples were collected with an artificial vagina. Samples were taken from each bull twice a week over the course of 3 weeks (6 samples per bull). One millilitre of semen was removed from each sample for the determination of semen volume, mass activity, initial motility, sperm concentration, and abnormal sperm rate. The remainder …

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Serological Detection Of Listeriosis At A Farm, M. Kazim Börkü, Kerem Ural, Serkal Gazyağci, Yunusemre Özkanlar, Cahi̇t Babür, Selçuk Kiliç Jan 2006

Serological Detection Of Listeriosis At A Farm, M. Kazim Börkü, Kerem Ural, Serkal Gazyağci, Yunusemre Özkanlar, Cahi̇t Babür, Selçuk Kiliç

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Sera of 50 goats, 3 horses, 1 dog, and 6 herdsmen were analyzed for the presence of antibodies against Listeria monocytogenes by the Osebold agglutination assay on a commercial farm in Akyurt, Ankara. Some of the goats exhibited clinical signs such as apathy, unilateral facial paralysis, incoordination, and abortion. Of the goat samples, 23 (46%) were seropositive and 10 (20%) were at the level of the suspected titer and 17 (34%) were below the cut-off titer in this assay. All horses, the dog and 5 herdsmen were seropositive. The analysis of cerebro-spinal fluid, taken from an agonic goat whose antibody …

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