Digital Commons Network^™

Elevated Positive Mood: A Mixed Blessing For Abstinence, Neal Doran, Bonnie Spring, Belinda Borrelli, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Brian Hitsman, Raymond Niaura, Donald Hedecker

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The present study, a secondary analysis of published data (B. Hitsman et al., 1999), assessed (a) the influence of initial positive mood (PM) on smoking cessation and (b) whether smokers low in PM benefited from fluoxetine versus placebo for cessation. Euthymic adult smokers (N = 103) received 10 weeks of cessation treatment. Analyses showed a Time x PM interaction, indicating that higher baseline PM predicted decreased abstinence during treatment but increased abstinence afterward, mediated by time to dropout. Dichotomous initial PM interacted with drug, suggesting a benefit of fluoxetine for low-PM smokers. Results indicate that lower pretreatment PM may …

Peritoneal Perfusion With Oxygenated Perfluorocarbon Augments Systemic Oxygenation., Shamus R Carr, Joshua P Cantor, Atul S Rao, Thiru V Lakshman, Joshua E Collins, Joseph S Friedberg

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Despite maximal ventilatory support, many patients die from hypoxia in the setting of potentially reversible pulmonary failure. There remains a pressing need for additional pulmonary supportive care measures, especially techniques that do not require systemic anticoagulation. The objective of our experiments was to determine whether systemic oxygenation could be increased in a large animal, with induced hypoxia, by perfusing the abdominal cavity with oxygenated perfluorocarbons.

METHODS: Fifteen pigs with a mean (+/- SD) weight of 45 +/- 5 kg were intubated and rendered hypoxic by ventilating them with a blend of nitrogen and oxygen to achieve subatmospheric concentrations of …

Making A Difference, Making Connections: Perspectives Of College Faculty And Practitioners Leading A Service Experience Abroad, Wanda Berg

Theses and Dissertations

The Asociacion Nuestros Ahijados or the GOD'S CHILD Project, is a service organization founded in 1991 by a North Dakota native to help Guatemalan children who were poor or abandoned. The Project focuses on health, education and human rights for children in Guatemala. The University of Mary is a small Catholic Benedictine college in North Dakota. Currently, educators from the University of Mary travel with groups of students to provide services in Guatemala, in collaboration with the GOD'S CHILD Project. The purpose of this qualitative study was to learn about aspects of culture, spirituality, and leadership as it relates to …

A New Reduced Order Model For Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Suryanarayana Raju Pakalapati

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Fuel cells are one of the promising eco-friendly and efficient electricity generators for future energy infrastructure. Rigorous research has been underway for over a decade to develop fuel cell technology as a viable alternative to the conventional energy sources. Numerical modeling has played a prominent role in such research endeavors. Detailed multi-dimensional models reveal important information regarding the performance of a fuel cell but they are computationally intensive. Relatively simple zero- and one-dimensional models on the other hand average out the details that could be critical. The topic of this dissertation is a new strategy for modeling fuel cells which …

Understanding Political Ecologies Of Land Use Change Using Household Surveys In Mankweng, South Africa, Joshua Edward Rutkowski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Mankweng, Limpopo, South Africa has experienced a large population growth since its inception in the late 1950s. The impacts of land use changes in the area are far reaching and have a wide range of influences. This paper documents the historical and political pressures affecting Mankweng as the township progresses into the 21st Century. Household surveys were conducted in 2005 and 2006 in order to understand the geographic relationships of the area. This study found household surveys to be beneficial in understanding land use change.

The Impact Of A One-Half Day Environmental Education Program On Elementary Students, David C. Pagel

Masters Theses

The hypothesis of this research is that elementary students benefit from the Kalamazoo Nature Center's (KNC) one-half day inquiry program, based upon data collected using a Likert scale instrument. The earth science inquiry program at KNC is intended to enhance student attitude about the natural environment. There are two primary components to the research. First, data were collected through a pre-/post-survey from elementary students who participated in the Kalamazoo Nature Center's one half-day environmental education program. The survey was based on the Test of Science Related Attitudes (Fraser, 1981). Second, data were analyzed to assess student attitudes and beliefs before …

Nanotechnology And The United States National Plan For Research And Development In Support Of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Lisa Campbell

Canadian Journal of Law and Technology

In an effort to predict and avert threats to national security, governments in general, and that of the United States in particular, have devoted considerable resources to developing technological systems that gather information about individuals. In the past five years, the U.S. government has collected information about the movement of individuals across and within its national borders from various sources, including border security stations, law enforcement officials, and immigration authorities. Until recently, it seemed impossible for the U.S. government to draw useful analyses from all of the data it is collecting. The sheer volume and complexity of the information made …

Egg Predation And Egg Predator Diversity In Forest And Open Habitat Of The Monteverde Region, August 2006, Julia Benson

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

As habitats continue to be destroyed and fragmentation decreases the number of large predators, intermediate predators are expected to thrive. To further investigate whether the intermediate predator hypothesis applies to open areas in addition to edges, the difference in the amount of egg predation and the egg predator diversity in the forest and open habitat of the Monteverde region was tested. Each night three clusters of eggs with three quail eggs and three fake plasticine eggs were placed in each habitat. Results showed a significant difference between the total number of real eggs removed from the two habitats, (Chi-squared test, …

Avian Feeding Guild Diversity In Sun-Grown And Shade-Grown Coffee Farms In San Luis Valley, Monteverde, Costa Rica, 2006, Anna Richey, Toria Waldron

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Three coffee farms were studied to determine avian feeding guild diversity differences between sun-grown and shade-grown plots in San Luis Valley, Monteverde, Costa Rica. Sun-grown and shade-grown plots were observed on three coffee farms, species were identified by sight, and separated into feeding guilds. Using the Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index, we found a significantly greater overall avian diversity in sun-grown plots (Modified t-test, t= -4.00, df = 267.36). We also found no significant difference in feeding guild diversity between sun-grown and shade-grown plots, but found a significant difference within insectivorous and omnivorous feeding guilds supporting greater diversity in the sun-grown plots …

Arsenic Exposure Is Associated With Decreased Dna Repair In Vitro And In Individuals Exposed To Drinking Water Arsenic, Angeline S. Andrew, Jefferey L. Burgess, Maria M. Meza, Eugene Demidenko, Mary G. Waugh, Joshua W. Hamilton, Margaret R. Karagas

Dartmouth Scholarship

The mechanism(s) by which arsenic exposure contributes to human cancer risk is unknown; however, several indirect cocarcinogenesis mechanisms have been proposed. Many studies support the role of As in altering one or more DNA repair processes. In the present study we used individual-level exposure data and biologic samples to investigate the effects of As exposure on nucleotide excision repair in two study populations, focusing on the excision repair cross-complement 1 (ERCC1) component. We measured drinking water, urinary, or toenail As levels and obtained cryopreserved lymphocytes of a subset of individuals enrolled in epidemiologic studies in New Hampshire (USA) and Sonora …

Media Representation And Portrayal Of African-American Athletes, Justin Zackal

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The racial composition of athletes competing at major colleges and in professional sports in America is disproportioned to the general population and journalists that cover their sports. With African-Americans accounting for such a large contingent of athletes, how their race is perceived by society is often predicated on the coverage they receive. The purpose of this study is to look at the importance of media coverage of African-American athletes, and to show if White media scrutinize African-American athletes more than they do White athletes. The misrepresentation of African-American athletes in the press box could mean an unequal playing field in …

Reconciling The Booker Conflict: A Substantive Sixth Amendment In A Real Offense Sentencing System, Bertrall L. Ross Ii

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The article examines the tension between the Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial and real offense sentencing, arguing that this conflict is not inevitable and can be reconciled. It advocates for a system where the jury plays a substantive role in checking judicial discretion during sentencing, ensuring constitutional protections while allowing judges to individualize sentences based on real offense factors. The proposed framework moves beyond the separation of functions model, integrating the jury into sentencing decisions to balance retributive punishment with constitutional safeguards.

Motor Vehicle Collisions With Large Animals, Masoud O. Bashir, Fikri M. Abu-Zidan

Saudi Medical Journal

Motor vehicle collisions MVC with large animals are a worldwide problem. In this review, we aim to analyze the mechanisms and patterns of human injuries caused by MVC with large animals and various ways to prevent them. Reported studies on large animals that can cause such accidents include the moose, camels, deer, and kangaroos. The moose causes a typical rear-and downward deformity of the roof of the car. The camel falls on the roof of the car causing cervical and head injury to the occupants. Injuries caused by kangaroos and deer are usually mild. Injuries may be caused by direct …

The Effects Of Dopexamine In Bupivacaine And Ropivacaine Induced Cardiotoxicity In Isolated Rat Heart, Ayten Bilir, Birgul Yelken, Ziya Kaygisiz, Yilmaz Senturk

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To compare the inotropic and chronotropic effects of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in an isolated, spontaneously beating rat heart, and to determine the reversal effects of dopexamine on these effects. METHODS: The study was conducted at the Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey in November 2001. Fifty animals were randomly assigned to 5 groups. Hearts were perfused with a modified Krebs Henseleit solution. In group I (n=10) hearts were exposed to bupivacaine 5 x 10-6 M and in group II (n=10) hearts were exposed to ropivacaine 5 x 10-6 M for 15 minutes. Group III (n=10) was …

Diagnostic Value Of Bilirubin Concentrations Compared With Novel And Traditional Biomarkers In Atherosclerosis With Coronary Artery Disease, Necat Yilmaz, Hulya K. Cicek, Ahmet Celik, Vedat Davutoglu

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Genetic Considerations For The Conservation And Management Of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Bouvieri) In Yellowstone National Park, David J. Janetski

Theses and Dissertations

A key component to conservation is an accurate understanding of genetic subdivision within a species. Despite their ecological and economic importance, relatively little is understood about the genetic structuring of Yellowstone cutthroat trout in Yellowstone National Park. Here, we use traditional (Fst, Rst, Nm, and AMOVA) and modern (Bayesian assignment tests, coalescent theory, and nested clade analysis) analytical approaches to describe the population genetic subdivision of cutthroat trout spawning populations in Yellowstone Lake and to identify genetically distinct population segments throughout Yellowstone National Park. Evidence for restricted gene flow between spawning populations within Yellowstone Lake was detected using nested clade …

Susceptibility Of Greater Sage-Grouse To Experimental Infection With West Nile Virus, Larry Clark, Jeffrey Hall, Robert Mclean, Michael Dunbar, Kaci Klenk, Richard Bowen, Cynthia A. Smeraski

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Populations of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have declined 45– 80% in North America since 1950. Although much of this decline has been attributed to habitat loss, recent field studies have indicated that West Nile virus (WNV) has had a significant negative impact on local populations of grouse. We confirm the susceptibility of greater sage-grouse to WNV infection in laboratory experimental studies. Grouse were challenged by subcutaneous injection of WNV (103.2 plaque-forming units [PFUs]). All grouse died within 6 days of infection. The Kaplan-Meier estimate for 50% survival was 4.5 days. Mean peak viremia for nonvaccinated birds was 106.4 PFUs/ml (6100.2 …

A Simulation Model For Determining Cost-Effectiveness Of Fences For Reducing Deer Damage, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Michael J. Lavelle, Scott E. Hygnstrom

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The installation of fences to protect agricultural products, natural resources, or other areas from deer (Odocoileus spp.) can be expensive and potential benefits of fencing are difficult to quantify. A rational method is needed to help evaluate whether fencing can be cost-effective and which fence designs will be optimal for particular applications. We describe an interactive, dynamic simulation model that conducts economic analyses and predicts economic benefit associated with fences for crops relative to area and perimeter of protected plot, value of crop, percentage of crop damaged by deer annually prior to fencing, efficacy of fence, and costs of fence …

Vegetative Treatment Systems For Open Lot Runoff: Review Of Literature, Richard K. Koelsch, Jeffrey Lorimer, Kyle Mankin

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

Runoff from open lot livestock systems (beef and dairy) defined as Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO) must be controlled by systems designed and managed to prevent the release of manure-contaminated runoff for storms equal to or less than a 25-year, 24-hour design storm. This performance standard has been attained for open lot systems with some combination of clean water diversion, settling basins, runoff collection ponds and irrigation systems (baseline system).

An alternative approach is to rely on overland flow and infiltration into cropland with perennial forage or grasses for treatment of open lot runoff. Such vegetative systems have been researched …

Development Of An Ultra Rapid And Simple Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique For Detection Of Salmonella Typhi, Karami Ali, Ahmadi Zeynab, Safiri Zahra, Khalilpour Akbar, Morrovati Saeid

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To make a rapid and definite diagnosis of Salmonella enteritis, using an ultra rapid multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method for major Salmonella serotypes, such as Salmonella typhi, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Havana. METHODS: We performed this study at the Research Center of Molecular Biology, Institute of Military Medicine, Bagyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Iran from June 2004 to July 2005. The PCR primers for tyv (rfbE), prt (rfbS) and invA genes were designed and used for the rapid identification of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A with multiplex PCR. By using simple DNA extraction method in …

Seroprevalence Of Fasciolosis And The Difference Of Fasciolosis Between Rural Area And City Center In Isparta, Turkey, Selcuk Kaya, Mustafa Demirci, Reha Demirel, Buket C. Aridogan, Mustafa Ozturk, Metin Korkmaz

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the seroprevalence of fasciolosis and the possible causes of differences between rural and city center. METHODS: We undertook a multi-stage sampling analysis of data from Isparta, Turkey, between March and June 2004. Four hundred and fifteen individuals participants from Isparta center and 171 from Asagi Gokdere village were included in the study. Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) specific antibodies were analyzed using excretory-secretory (ES)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS: Fasciola hepatica antibodies were detected as positive in 10 (2.4%) of 415 people whose sera were collected from the city center and 16 (9.3%) of 171 people from Asagi …

Comparison Of Analgesic Activity Of The Addition To Neostigmine And Fentanyl To Bupivacaine In Postoperative Epidural Analgesia, Selcen Tekin, Ismet Topcu, Neriman Z. Ekici, Husnu Caglar, Tuna Erincler

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic and side effects of bupivacaine in combinations with neostigmine and fentanyl using patient-controlled-epidural analgesia (PCEA) methods in the postoperative period after abdominal hysterectomy. METHODS: Seventy-five adult American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II patients, aged 18-65 years were included in the study. The study took place in Celal Bayar University Hospital, Turkey between 2003-2004 years. After preoperative epidural catheterization, the patients were operated under general anesthesia. After surgery, the patients were randomly allocated in a double-blinded manner to receive PCEA and divided into 3 groups: Group B: 0.125% bupivacaine, Group N: 0.125% bupivacaine plus neostigmine …

Comparison Of Spo2, Hearth Rate And Body Temperature Values In Abdominal Compartment Syndrome In A Rat Model With Intraabdominal Sepsis And Intraabdominal Hypertension, Canan Balci, Gokhan Akbulut, Hamit S. Karabekir, Feyza Karagoz, Hulya Sungurtekin

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Different Bolus Doses Of Remifentanil On Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion During Day-Case Surgery, Seval Izdes, Ezgi Erkilic, Mehmet Simsek, Tulin Gumus, Tulin Gumus, Orhan Kanbak

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Can Incision Barrier Decrease The Risk Of Surgical Site Infection After Appendectomy?, Mustafa T. Ozer, Taner Yigit, Ali I. Uzar, Mehmet Eryilmaz, Orhan Kozak, Sadettin Cetiner, Ismail Arslan, Turgut Tufan

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Erythropoietin On Fracture Healing In Rats, Murat Bozlar, Aydiner Kalaci, Bahadir Aslan, Lutfu Baktiroglu, Ahmet N. Yanat, Arzu Tasci

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Moderate Alcohol Consumption On Serum Marker Enzymes Of Rabbits, M. Sabih Aktas, Ismail Celik

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

A Study On Children And Adolescents With Disabilities In Kahramanmaras, Turkey, Lale Donbak, Mustafa Celik, Mustafa Celik, Ilter Demirhan

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Brucella Seropositivity In South And Southeast Turkey, Gurol Emekdas, Gonul Aslan, Seda Tezcan, Pinar Ciragil, Mehmet R. Bayraktar, Yusuf Onlen, Esin Aktas, Vusiat Bosnak, Arzu Kanik

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Validity And Reliability Of A Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire Measuring N-3 Fatty Acid Intakes In Cardiac Patients In The Midwest: A Validation Pilot Study, Paula K. Ritter-Gooder, Nancy M. Lewis, Kimberly B. Heidal, Kent M. Eskridge

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this pilot study was to test the validity and reliability of a quantitative n-3 fatty acid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for later use with larger groups of individuals. A convenience sample of heart patients provided dietary data via three 24-hour food recalls and FFQs. Participants were women (n = 17) and men (n = 11), 43 to 77 years of age. The association of mean daily intake of n-3 fatty acids obtained using food recalls and the FFQ was assessed by Pearson correlation. The reliability of the FFQ was assessed using coefficient α. Correlation of n-3 fatty …