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Effects Of Ebg Reflection Phase Profiles On The Input Impedance And Bandwidth Of Ultrathin Directional Dipoles, M. Faisal Abedin, Mohammod Ali

Faculty Publications

A comprehensive study of the effects of the reflection phase profiles on dipole antennas is presented with the ultimate objective of designing ultrathin printed dipoles (as thin as one hundredth of the wavelength). Dipole driving-point impedance and bandwidth are studied as function of various electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) reflection phase profiles. It is demonstrated that although many different reflection phase profiles can be generated for a certain antenna height, it is the profile that satisfies a specific range of reflection phase angles that is required to achieve good antenna performance. Such optimum EBG phase profiles are generated for a number of …

Asynchronous Ds-Ss Cdma Random Spreading Code Correlation Statistics In The Presence Of Timing Error, David W. Matolak

Faculty Publications

We quantify the effect of timing tracking errors upon 2nd order correlation statistics of random binary spreading codes and, in so doing, fill a gap in the literature. Using a Gaussian model for timing tracking error, new expressions for autocorrelation statistics are derived. For crosscorrelations, we show that a zero mean Gaussian timing error has no effect upon 2nd order crosscorrelation statistics.

Endangered Species--Examining South Africa's National Rape Crisis And Its Legislative Attempt To Protect Its Most Vulnerable Citizens, Ashley J. Moore

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

With the demise of apartheid, South Africans eagerly anticipated the freedom from bondage that liberation brings. More than ten years later, however, remnants of the inhumane system still remain throughout South Africa, with the epidemic rape crisis that currently grips the African nation providing dramatic evidence of the continued hold of apartheid. Scores of South Africa's women and young children must contend with the pervasive sexual violence that permeates the country. These would-be victims live in constant fear of physical attack, while advocates await the South African government's response to this national crisis. Unfortunately, legislation that would dramatically change South …

Going To War With The Allies You Have: Allies, Counterinsurgency, And The War On Terrorism, Daniel Byman Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Washington must recognize that its allies, including those in the security forces, are often the source of counterinsurgency problems as well as the heart of any solution. The author argues that the ally's structural problems and distinct interests have daunting implications for successful U.S. counterinsurgency efforts. The nature of regimes and of societies feeds an insurgency, but the United States is often hostage to its narrow goals with regard to counterinsurgency and thus becomes complicit in the host-nation's self-defeating behavior. Unfortunately, U.S. influence often is limited as the allies recognize that America's vital interests with regard to fighting al-Qa'ida-linked groups …

Fourth-Generation War And Other Myths, Antulio J. Echevarria Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Fourth Generation War (4GW) emerged in the late 1980s, but has become popular due to recent twists in the war in Iraq, and terrorist attacks worldwide. In brief, the theory holds that warfare has evolved through four generations: 1) the use of massed manpower, 2) firepower, 3) maneuver, and now 4) an evolved form of insurgency that employs all available networks—political, economic, social, military—to convince an opponent's decision makers that their strategic goals are either unachievable or too costly. Further, the theory contends that this last form characterizes the terrorists' way of fighting today. Despite reinventing itself several times, the …

Coup D'Oeil: Strategic Intuition In Army Planning, William Duggan Dr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Dr. William Duggan shows how to reconcile analytical and intuitive methods of decisionmaking, by drawing on recent scientific research that brings the two together. He applies this new research to the Army's core methods of analytical decisionmaking as found in FM 5-0, Army Planning and Orders Production. The result is "strategic intuition," which bears remarkable resemblance to von Clausewitz's idea of coup d'oeil in his classic work, On War. Dr. Duggan's study provides a theoretical overview of strategic intuition and practical suggestions for amending FM 5-0 to take it into account.

Getting Ready For A Nuclear-Ready Iran, Henry D. Sokolski Mr., Patrick Clawson Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

As Iran edges closer to acquiring a nuclear bomb and its missiles extend an ever darker diplomatic shadow over the Middle East and Europe, Iran is likely to pose three threats. First, Iran could dramatically up the price of oil by interfering with the free passage of vessels in and through the Persian Gulf as it did during the l980s or by threatening to use terrorist proxies to target other states' oil facilities. Second, it could diminish American influence in the Gulf and Middle East by increasing the pace and scope of terrorist activities against Iraq, Saudi Arabia, other Gulf …

Elasticity Of Planar Fiber Networks, Xiangfa Wu, Yuris A. Dzenis

Department of Engineering Mechanics: Faculty Publications

A micromechanics model is proposed for the elasticity of planar fiber networks (FNs). The FN is created by random deposition of linearly elastic straight rods within a region. The rods are bonded rigidly at contacts. Under external in-plane loading, the FN deformation consists of fiber bending, elongation, and contraction. An effective constitutive relation for fiber network is developed by averaging the strain energy dissipated by all possible fiber deformations in all directions. Numerical calculations are performed to analyze the effects of fiber aspect ratio and fiber concentration on the effective stiffness of the planar random FN. Finite element analysis (FEA) …

Picture This, Gary Bentrup, Gary Wells

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Despite the use of planting plans and engineering drawings. Many landowners find it difficult to conceptualize what a future conservation practice or system will actually look like on their landscape. This lack of understanding can create challenging barriers in the planning process and is exacerbated by the long-term commitment that many conservation systems require from landowners. Landowners often lament if they could only see a picture of the proposed action on their property, then they could make a decision. Fortunately, natural resource professionals have a tool called visual simulations to help address this dilemma.

The Pp24 Phosphoprotein Of Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus Contributes To Viral Genome Packaging, Christopher R. Bohl, Shanna M. Brown, Robert A. Weldon Jr.

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Background: The Gag protein of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, a betaretrovirus, contains a phosphoprotein that is cleaved into the Np24 protein and the phosphoprotein pp16/18 during virus maturation. Previous studies by Yasuda and Hunter (J. Virology. 1998. 72:4095–4103) have demonstrated that pp16/18 contains a viral late domain required for budding and that the Np24 protein plays a role during the virus life cycle since deletion of this N-terminal domain blocked virus replication. The function of the Np24 domain, however, is not known.

Results: Here we identify a region of basic residues (KKPKR) within the Np24 domain that is highly conserved …

Interspecies Transmission Of Chronic Wasting Disease Prions To Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri Sciureus), Richard F. Marsh, Anthony E. Kincaid, Richard A. Bessen, Jason C. Bartz

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is an emerging prion disease of deer and elk. The risk of CWD transmission to humans following exposure to CWD-infected tissues is unknown. To assess the susceptibility of nonhuman primates to CWD, two squirrel monkeys were inoculated with brain tissue from a CWD-infected mule deer. The CWD-inoculated squirrel monkeys developed a progressive neurodegenerative disease and were euthanized at 31 and 34 months postinfection. Brain tissue from the CWD-infected squirrel monkeys contained the abnormal isoform of the prion protein, PrP-res, and displayed spongiform degeneration. This is the first reported transmission of CWD to primates.

The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Locus That Encodes The Latency-Associated Transcript Enhances The Frequency Of Encephalitis In Male Balb/C Mice, Clinton J. Jones, Melissa Inman, Weiping Peng, Gail A. Henderson, Alan R. Doster, Guey-Chuen Perng, Anisa Kaenjak Angeletti

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the leading cause of virus-induced encephalitis; however, the viral genes that regulate encephalitis have not been well characterized. In this study, we tested whether the LAT (latency-associated transcript) locus regulates the frequency of encephalitis in male or female mice. Male BALB/c mice are more susceptible to HSV-1-induced encephalitis than age-matched female BALB/c mice. Deletion of LAT coding sequences reduced the frequency of encephalitis. A recombinant virus containing the first 1.5 kb of the LAT coding sequence induces levels of encephalitis in male BALB/c mice similar to those induced by wild-type HSV-1.

Cattle Grazing And Tracked Vehicle Training On Central And Southwest U.S. Army Lands, John A. Guretzky, Jeffrey Fehmi, Alan Anderson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Sustainability of training lands continues to be a primary concern for natural resource managers on Army installations. Tracked vehicle training, the main disturbance of grasslands, does not occur in isolation from other land uses including cattle grazing. Yet, no documented studies exist examining the interactive effects of these activities on soils and vegetation. The objective of this research was to begin filling this knowledge gap. This report reviews the lit-erature documenting the impacts of tracked vehicle training and cattle grazing on soils and grassland plant communities and discusses potential interactive effects. Responses to tracked vehicle training generally included increased soil …

Engineering Substrate-Mediated Gene Delivery With Self-Assembled Monolayers, Angela K. Pannier, Lonnie D Shea

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

Gene transfer has many potential applications in basic and applied sciences, including functional genomics, gene therapy, and tissue engineering. Substrate- mediated delivery, also termed solid phase delivery, describes the immobilization of DNA, complexed with nonviral vectors, to a biomaterial or substrate that supports cell adhesion. A critical component to this process is designing the appropriate interactions between the DNA complexes and substrate. The objective of this study was to investigate gene transfer as a function of i) complex formation and deposition conditions and ii) non-specific and specific binding interactions between the complexes and substrate. The volume and time of complex …

Aids And Associated Malignancies, Charles Wood, William Harrington

Papers in Virology

AIDS associated malignancies (ARL) is a major complication associated with AIDS patients upon immunosuppression. Chronically immunocompromised patients have a markedly increased risk of developing lymphoproliferative disease. In the era of potent antiretrovirals therapy (ARV), the malignant complications due to HIV-1 infection have decreased in developed nations where ARV is administered, but still poses a major problem in developing countries where HIV-l incidence is high and ARV is still not yet widely available. Even in ARV treated individuals there is a concern that the prolonged survival of many HIV-l carriers is likely to eventually result in an increased number of malignancies …

A Method For Testing The Host Specificity Of Ectoparasites: Give Them The Opportunity To Choose, Carlos El Esbérard, Fernanda Martins-Hatano, Emerson B. Bittencourt, David Ep Bossi, Angélica Fontes, Marcela Lareschi, Vanderlaine Menezes, Helena G. Bergallo, Donald Gettinger

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Host-choice experiments were carried out with rodent and bat ectoparasites on Ilha Grande, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We constructed experimental chambers that enclosed three different rodent or bat host species, and then introduced a selected set of ectoparasitic arthropods. When given the opportunity to choose among host species, the ectoparasites showed a strong tendency to select their primary hosts, and reject novel host species. These kinds of simple experiments can be valuable tools for assessing the ability of ectoparasites to locate and discern differences between host species, and make choices about which hosts to infest, and which hosts …

Large-Scale Molecular-Dynamics Simulation Of Nanoscale Hydrophobic Interaction And Nanobubble Formation, Takahiro Koishi, Kenji Yasuoka, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, S. Yoo, Xiao Cheng Zeng

Xiao Cheng Zeng Publications

We performed large-scale molecular-dynamics simulation of nanoscale hydrophobic interaction manifested by the formation of nanobubble between nanometer-sized hydrophobic clusters at constrained equilibrium. Particular attention is placed on the tendency of formation and stability of nanobubbles in between model nanoassemblies which are composed of hydrophobic clusters (or patches) embedded in a hydrophilic substrate. On the basis of physical behavior of nanobubble formation, we observed a change from short-range molecular hydrophobic interaction to midrange nanoscopic interaction when the length scale of hydrophobe approaches to about 1 nm. We investigated the behavior of nanobubble formation with several different patterns of nonpolar-site distribution on …

Tragedies Call For Time To Put Life In Balance, Carla Kimbrough

College of Journalism and Mass Communications: Faculty Publications

Today your life could change dramatically.
• Your spouse or significant other decides life without you is better than life with you.
• Your child, your parent or perhaps even you discover a terminal illness has invaded your body.
• You lose your job where you've worked a minimum of 50 hours per week for the last five, 10. 15 or 20 years.
• You lose everything that is precious to you: your home, your possessions, your mementos. All you have left are your life and the clothes on your back.
Chances are any of the above scenarios would rock …

Apoptosis And Diseases. Regulation And Clinical Relevance, Faris Q. Alenzi

Saudi Medical Journal

It is increasingly clear that apoptosis plays a central role in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. For instance, an increase in apoptosis leads to cell loss accompanied by neurodegenerative diseases, whereas we know that genetically determined defects of apoptosis result in deregulated cell proliferation, typical of cancer. Hence, apoptosis may be relevant as therapeutic targets for many human diseases. This article reviews briefly the regulation and the clinical relevance of apoptotic mechanisms in several different human diseases.

Reappraisal Of The Management Of Cholelithiasis In Diabetics, Salman Y. Guraya

Saudi Medical Journal

Recently, dramatic advances in research have elucidated the prognosis of gallstone disease and have permitted a more selective choice of persons for treatment based on symptom status and projected prognosis. Ultrasound- detected-incidental gallstones are infrequently clinically significant, but this finding has prompted the surgeons to have a liberal attitude towards the operative indications for cholelithiasis particularly after the advent of laparoscopy. At the same time, the management of gallstones in the diabetics still remains controversial. Early retrospective studies reported an alarmingly high incidence of gallstones in diabetics as compared with the general population and in view of profound morbidity and …

N-Terminal-Probrain Natriuretic Peptide And Echocardiography In Patients With Systolic Heart Failure, Bssam M. Al-Meslmani, Sahar K. Fahoum, Marwan G. Shamia

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To compare plasma N-terminal-probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels with echocardiographic data in patients with systolic heart failure. METHODS: The study included 101 patients with systolic heart failure admitted to Al-Assad and Al-Moussa Hospitals, Damascus, Syria over a 10-month period from February 2004 to January 2005. The findings of the physical examination, electrocardiogram and blood pressure measurement were recorded along with the patient9s history, risk factors, and drug treatment. We divided the patients into 4 groups according to the New York Heart Association classifications; class I = 19, class II = 22, class III = 28, class IV = 32 …

Alteration Of Cystatin C In Cerebrospinal Fluid Of Patients With Sciatica Revealed By A Proteomical Approach, Xudong Liu, Bingfang Zeng, Jianguang Xu

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying sciatica induced by lumbar intervertebral disk herniation and to ascertain the protein that presents with the most observable changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with sciatica. METHODS: We conducted the study in the Key Laboratory of Shanghai 6th People9s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, Peoples Republic of China, during the period June 2004 to March 2005. In 2 separate experiments, we carried out the study involving the CSF of sciatica patients (the case group) and the CSF of otherwise, healthy volunteers (the control group). We utilized a proteomical analysis to …

Effect Of Ovariectomy And Of Estrogen Treatment On The Adrenal Gland And Body Weight In Rats, Berna G. Saruhan, Nurullah Ozdemir

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of estrogen on adrenal gland histology, and to ascertain whether or not estrogen regulates body and adrenal gland wet weight gain in the ovariectomized rat model. Two experiments investigated the effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on the body and adrenal gland weight. METHODS: We used 36 female Wistar Albino rats in this study. The study took placed in the Department of Medical Science Application and Research Center of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey, in 2002. Group 1 (control group) received no ovariectomy; all animals in the other groups were bilaterally ovariectomized and kept for 60 …

Cell Division And Cellular Morphology Of The Chick Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells In Culture. A Time-Lapse Analysis, Ibrahim Tuglu, Enis Cezayirli, Kamil Vural, Kivanc Gungor, Tuncay Varol, Necdet Bekir

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the patterns of cell division, movement and shape during early stages of development of the chick embryo retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and to evaluate the morphology of dissociated embryonic cells with regard to their proliferation capacity. METHODS: We conducted this study at the Department of Histology and Embryology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey, between 2002 and 2003. We isolated the cells from chick embryos. We analyzed the images of the embryonic cells originated from neuroepithelia using a computer-based time-lapse acquisition system attached to a differential interference contrast microscope. RESULTS: Retinal pigmented epithelial cells, despite being dissociated, …

Construction Of Intrauterine Growth Curves In A High Altitude Area Of Saudi Arabia, Mohammed A. Al-Shehri, Mostafa A. Abolfotouh, Luke O. Nwoye, Waleed Eid

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to construct intrauterine percentile growth curves for body weight, length and head circumference for local use in a high altitude area of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of all Saudi births from Abha General Hospital over a 6-year period from 1999 to 2004. We included a total of 6,035 Saudi births in the present study after eliminating babies that were stillbirths, twins or those with major congenital anomalies. The gestational age of the infants ranged from 26-42 weeks. The anthropometric measurements included birth weight, crown-heel length and head circumference. …

Lung Function In Type 1 Saudi Diabetic Patients, Sultan A. Meo, Abdul M. Al-Drees, Sayed F.A. Shah, Muhammad Arif, Khalid Al-Rubean

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on lung function and its gravity in relation to the duration of disease. METHODS: We carried out this study in the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Diabetic Center, King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during the period 2003-2004. We randomly selected a group of 27 apparently healthy volunteer Saudi male type 1 diabetic patients with age ranging from 19-70 years. We matched the diabetic patients with another group of 27 control healthy male subjects in terms of age, height, weight and socioeconomic status. Both …

Significance Of Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibodies In Type 2 Diabetic Patients, Abdulsalam Noorwali

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: Diabetic glomerulosclerosis is a common cause of proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), however, primary glomerulonephritis can superimpose on it. The aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies in type 2 DM. METHODS: We choose 60 well known Saudi patients with type 2 DM diagnosed according to American Diabetes Association criteria attending the medical outpatient clinic at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital in Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between July 2004 and December 2004, after written consent and divided them into 3 groups according to the degree of albuminuria, either …

The Use Of Mitomycin-C For Respiratory Papillomas. Clinical, Histologic And Biochemical Correlation, Ashraf H. Hamza, Manal M. Nasr, Akram A. Deghady

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical effects of mitomycin-C (MMC) on human papilloma virus (HPV)-infected tissues of the airway. METHODS: We included 10 patients with previous histologic diagnosis of recurrent respiratory papillomas (RRP) in this prospective study, conducted at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alexandria, Egypt, between January 2000 and December 2002. Under general anesthesia, each patient underwent laser excision of all visible papillomas, followed by topical application of 1 cc of 0.5 mg/ml MMC. The procedure was repeated weekly until no visible papillomas could be microscopically detected. We histopathologically studied the obtained specimens and tested for …

Reconstruction Techniques In Renal Injury, Ali F. Akay, Hayrettin Sahin, Yusuf Nergiz, Ugur Aflay, Mehmet K. Bircan

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: Kidney repair reconstruction techniques are controversial. The conventional technique is suturing, but this is usually with further loss of viable tissue as it promotes scaring. In this animal model, we investigated the parenchymal effect of different sutures and methods. METHODS: We carried out this study in the year 2000 in the Animal Laboratory of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey. We used 40 New Zealand white rabbits in this study, randomized into 5 groups. We separated the left kidney from Gerota9s fascia, and performed standard lacerations with incisions 5 mm deep and 10 mm in length. We performed no reconstruction procedure …

Etiology Of Childhood Diarrhea In Zliten, Libya, Mustafa B. Ali, Khalifa S. Ghenghesh, Ridha B. Aissa, Ali Abuhelfaia, Mohamed Dufani

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiological agents of diarrhea in children from a small semi-urban city in Libya and the association of age, gender, seasonal variation, breast-feeding, source of water for drinking, or antibiotic use with the isolation of enteropathogens and whether such agents are community or hospital acquired. METHODS: Using standard microbiological techniques we examined stool samples from 169 children (70 females) aged a few days to 12 years with acute diarrhea for viral, bacterial and parasitological agents. We used the disc diffusion method to determine the susceptibility of bacterial pathogens to antimicrobial agents. We carried out the study between …