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2005

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Comparison Of Phytoplankton And Autotrophic Picoplankton Populations Over A 24-Hour Period From A Pond's Surface And Subsurface Waters, Harold G. Marshall, Lubomira Burchardt, Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak Jan 2005

Comparison Of Phytoplankton And Autotrophic Picoplankton Populations Over A 24-Hour Period From A Pond's Surface And Subsurface Waters, Harold G. Marshall, Lubomira Burchardt, Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Phytoplankton abundance and composition relationships within the surface layer changed over short time periods (4-6 hours) in comparison with more constant associations at 2 cm below the surface. Both strata had a diverse algal flora (>50 taxa), but no distinct neuston assemblage characterized the surface layer algal composition over the 24-hour study. The similarity between the two strata indicated the floral composition of the surface layer came from the water column algae below the surface. Chlorophytes, diatoms, cyanobacteria, and cryptophytes represented the most abundant algal categories for both strata with a total mean phytoplankton abundance of 3,566 cells ml …

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Effects Of Human Disturbances On The Behavior Of Wintering Ducks, Melissa L. Pease, Robert K. Rose, Mark J. Butler Jan 2005

Effects Of Human Disturbances On The Behavior Of Wintering Ducks, Melissa L. Pease, Robert K. Rose, Mark J. Butler

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Human activity causes wintering waterfowl to expend energy to avoid humans at a time in their annual cycle when energy conservation is important to survival, migration, and breeding reserves. Understanding the effects of recreational activities on waterfowl is important to managing natural resource areas where migratory birds depend on wetland habitat for resting and feeding. We investigated responses of 7 species of dabbling ducks to 5 different experimental human activities, (a pedestrian, a bicyclist, a truck traveling at 2 different speeds, and an electric passenger tram). Responses of ducks depended on type of disturbance, species, and distance from disturbances. Most …

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A Review Of Phytoplankton Composition Within Chesapeake Bay And Its Tidal Estuaries, Harold G. Marshall, Lubomira Burchardt, Richard Lacouture Jan 2005

A Review Of Phytoplankton Composition Within Chesapeake Bay And Its Tidal Estuaries, Harold G. Marshall, Lubomira Burchardt, Richard Lacouture

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Based on a continuous 20-year data base ofmonthly sampling in Chesapeake Bay and tidal regions of its major tributaries, 1454 phytoplankton taxa have been identified in these waters. They represent a diverse assemblage of species with a dominant diatom flora throughout the year, in addition to large seasonal representation by chlorophytes, cyanobacteria, cryptophytes and dinoflagellates. Included among this flora were 34 potential harmful or toxin producing species. The phytoplankton compositions associated with the seasonal successional patterns are discussed, in addition to characterizing the dominant floral relationships, with comparison to early composition records within the Bay. Several of the present day …

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Feeding Ecology Of Juvenile Spiny Lobster, Panulirus Interruptus, On The Pacific Coast Of Baja California Sur, Mexico, Verónica Castañeda‐Fernández‐De‐Lara, Elisa Serviere‐Zaragoza, Sergio Hernández‐Vázquez, Mark J. Butler Iv Jan 2005

Feeding Ecology Of Juvenile Spiny Lobster, Panulirus Interruptus, On The Pacific Coast Of Baja California Sur, Mexico, Verónica Castañeda‐Fernández‐De‐Lara, Elisa Serviere‐Zaragoza, Sergio Hernández‐Vázquez, Mark J. Butler Iv

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Many aspects of the early life history of the red lobster Panulirus interruptus are little known, including the relationship between habitat structure, food resource availability, and nutrition of juveniles. We investigated the spatial and temporal differences in food intake, diet composition, and nutritional condition of juveniles at two sites along the Pacific coast of the Baja California Peninsula (Mexico) with contrasting oceanographic and biological conditions. One site (Arvin) is located inside a protected bay, Bahia Tortugas, where the waters are cooler and temperate seagrasses and macroalgae are the dominant benthic flora. The second site (Queen) in Bahia Sebastian Vizcaino was …

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Modular Control Laboratory System With Integrated Simulation, Animation, Emulation, And Experimental Components, J. Liu, Robert G. Landers Jan 2005

Modular Control Laboratory System With Integrated Simulation, Animation, Emulation, And Experimental Components, J. Liu, Robert G. Landers

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A typical sequence for the design of a controller, given the desired objectives, is the following: system modeling, design and mathematical analysis, simulation studies, emulation, and experimental implementation. Most control courses thoroughly cover design and mathematical analysis and utilize a simulation or experimental project at the end of the course. However, animation and emulation are seldom utilized and projects rarely cover the entire controller design sequence. This paper presents a control laboratory system developed at the University of Missouri at Rolla that integrates simulation, animation, emulation, and experimental components. The laboratory system may be applied to a wide variety of …

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Population Dynamics Of Oryzomys Palustris And Microtus Pennsylvanicus In Virginia Tidal Marshes, Christopher P. Bloch, Robert K. Rose Jan 2005

Population Dynamics Of Oryzomys Palustris And Microtus Pennsylvanicus In Virginia Tidal Marshes, Christopher P. Bloch, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Oryzomys palustris (marsh rice rat) and Microtus pennsylvanicus (meadow vole) cohabit coastal marshes in the mid-Atlantic US. Both were live-trapped for 23 months at two tidal marsh sites in Virginia to assess their demography near the margins of their distributions. In the presence of dense vegetation, population dynamics of the two species were seasonal and positively correlated, with densities declining through the winter. At the more sparsely vegetated site, densities of both species were lower, and densities of M. pennsylvanicus were negatively correlated with those of O. palustris. Patterns of reproduction differed between the species. O. palustris was reproductively …

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Hydrographic And Biological Changes In The Taiwan Strait During The 1997-1998 El Niño Winter, S. Shang, C. Zhang, H. Hong, Q. Liu, G. T. F. Wong, C. Hu, B. Huang Jan 2005

Hydrographic And Biological Changes In The Taiwan Strait During The 1997-1998 El Niño Winter, S. Shang, C. Zhang, H. Hong, Q. Liu, G. T. F. Wong, C. Hu, B. Huang

OES Faculty Publications

During the 1997–1998 El Niño event, the average sea surface temperature (SST) in the Taiwan Strait (TWS) in the winter was ~1.4°C higher than that of the winter climatological mean. The areal ratio of the warm water (≥2°C above the regional mean) to the cold water (≥2°C below the regional mean) in the TWS increased by 25% while the area of the eutrophic water (chlorophyll a >1 mg m-3) was halved. Field observations also indicate that the mixed layer in the TWS became more nutrient-poor during this winter. These observations are consistent with a diminished advection of the …

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Do Viruses Affect Fecundity And Survival Of The Copepod Acartia Tonsa Dana?, Lisa A. Drake, Fred C. Dobbs Jan 2005

Do Viruses Affect Fecundity And Survival Of The Copepod Acartia Tonsa Dana?, Lisa A. Drake, Fred C. Dobbs

OES Faculty Publications

Naturally occurring viruses are extremely abundant in aquatic systems, and they infect bacteria, cyanobacteria, prokaryotic and eukaryotic phytoplankton, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, fish and mammals. Viral infections of single-celled organisms have been studied intensively in the past decade, but little is known about the effects of viruses on aquatic metazoans, other than for some economically important species. Because zooplankton assemblages are often dominated in number and biomass by copepods, we used them as model organisms to study the effects of naturally occurring viruses on higher trophic levels. We attempted to induce viral infection in laboratory-reared cultures of the estuarine copepod Acartia tonsa …

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Variability Of Sea Ice Cover In The Chukchi Sea (Western Arctic Ocean) During The Holocene, Anne De Vernal, Claude Hillaire-Marcel, Dennis A. Darby Jan 2005

Variability Of Sea Ice Cover In The Chukchi Sea (Western Arctic Ocean) During The Holocene, Anne De Vernal, Claude Hillaire-Marcel, Dennis A. Darby

OES Faculty Publications

Dinocysts from cores collected in the Chukchi Sea from the shelf edge to the lower slope were used to reconstruct changes in sea surface conditions and sea ice cover using modern analogue techniques. Holocene sequences have been recovered in a down-slope core (B15: 2135 m, 75°44'N, sedimentation rate of ~1cm kyr-1) and in a shelf core (P1: 201 m, 73°41'N, sedimentation rate of ~22 cm kyr-1). The shelf record spanning about 8000 years suggests high-frequency centennial oscillations of sea surface conditions and a significant reduction of the sea ice at circa 6000 and 2500 calendar (cal) …

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Burial Of Terrestrial Organic Matter In Marine Sediments: A Re-Assessment, David J. Burdige Jan 2005

Burial Of Terrestrial Organic Matter In Marine Sediments: A Re-Assessment, David J. Burdige

OES Faculty Publications

Calculations based on recent observations indicate that approximately one third of the organic matter presently being buried in marine sediments may be of terrestrial origin, with the majority of this terrestrial organic matter (TOM) burial occurring in muddy, deltaic sediments. These calculations further suggest that the remineralization of terrestrial organic matter in the oceans is also much less efficient than that of marine organic matter. These two underappreciated observations have important implications in terms of our understanding of the controls on the global carbon cycle. From a paleoceanographic perspective, the results presented here also suggest that changes in TOM burial …

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Iron In The Sargasso Sea (Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study Region) During Summer: Eolian Imprint, Spatiotemporal Variability, And Ecological Implications, Peter N. Sedwick, T. M. Church, A. R. Bowie, C. M. Marsay, S. J. Ussher, K. M. Achilles, P. J. Lethaby, R. J. Johnson, M. M. Sarin, D. J. Mcgillicuddy Jan 2005

Iron In The Sargasso Sea (Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study Region) During Summer: Eolian Imprint, Spatiotemporal Variability, And Ecological Implications, Peter N. Sedwick, T. M. Church, A. R. Bowie, C. M. Marsay, S. J. Ussher, K. M. Achilles, P. J. Lethaby, R. J. Johnson, M. M. Sarin, D. J. Mcgillicuddy

OES Faculty Publications

We report iron measurements for water column and aerosol samples collected in the Sargasso Sea during July-August 2003 (summer 2003) and April-May 2004 (spring 2004). Our data reveal a large seasonal change in the dissolved iron (dFe) concentration of surface waters in the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study region, from ∼1-2nM in summer 2003, when aerosol iron concentrations were high (mean 10 nmol/m-3), to ∼0.1-0.2nM in spring 2004, when aerosol iron concentrations were low (mean 0.64 nmol/m-3). During summer 2003, we observed an increase of ∼0.6nM in surface water dFe concentrations over 13 days, presumably due to …

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Chemistry Of Surface Waters: Distinguishing Fine-Scale Differences In Sea Grass Habitats Of Chesapeake Bay, Emmanis Dorval, Cynthia M. Jones Jan 2005

Chemistry Of Surface Waters: Distinguishing Fine-Scale Differences In Sea Grass Habitats Of Chesapeake Bay, Emmanis Dorval, Cynthia M. Jones

OES Faculty Publications

We tested the hypothesis that the physical and chemical processes acting in sea grass habitats of the lower Chesapeake Bay are spatially structured and that dissolved elemental chemistry of sea grass-habitat surface waters have their own unique identity. We sampled surface waters from July to September 2001 in five sea grass habitats of the lower bay: Potomac, Rappahannock, York, Island (Tangier-Bloodsworth), and Eastern Shore. Dissolved Mg, Mn, Sr, and Ba concentrations were measured by sector field inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. As expected, Mg, Sr, and Ba exhibited conservative behavior, but Mn exhibited nonconservative behavior along the salinity gradient. Spatial differences …

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Market Reaction To Business Method Patents: An Empirical Analysis, Charles Holoubek, Timothy M. Shaughnessy Jan 2005

Market Reaction To Business Method Patents: An Empirical Analysis, Charles Holoubek, Timothy M. Shaughnessy

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

Patents on methods of conducting business have received abundant press since the recent decisions in State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group, Inc. and AT&T Corp. v. Excel Communications, Inc. Indeed, the number of patent applications categorized as Business Method Patents ("BMPs") increased from 165 in 1995 to over 7,800 in 2000, more than a 47-fold jump in just five years. In light of State Street's wide-reaching ramifications, both the court's legal reasoning for and the policy implications of allowing the United States Patent and Trade Office ("USPTO") to extend patent rights to business methods …

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Site-Specific Art Parks On Moral Ground: Distilling Old Whine In New Battles Over The Visual Artists Rights Act, Carrie Jones Jan 2005

Site-Specific Art Parks On Moral Ground: Distilling Old Whine In New Battles Over The Visual Artists Rights Act, Carrie Jones

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

Having passed by unanimous vote at the Second Continental Congress, the new Constitution duly declared that "Congress shall have the power [t]o promote the Progress of Science and the useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors rt]he exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries." Pursuant to that power, Congress enacted the Nation's first copyright law in 1790, intending to promote the artistic progress through a grant of exclusive monopoly for a limited time to the authors of new works. Since then, the United States has successfully urged invention and creation through the full commitment to a comprehensive …

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The Chinese Approach To Electronic Transactions Legislation, Zhang Chu, Lingfei Lei Jan 2005

The Chinese Approach To Electronic Transactions Legislation, Zhang Chu, Lingfei Lei

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

Ecclesiastes reminds us that there is nothing new under the sun, and this may be equally true when it comes to electronic transactions. In the electronic world, agreements are still embodied in contracts, contracts are still entered into when two parties reach an enforceable agreement on terms, and objective evidence still determines whether an agreement has been reached. Fraud and piracy are no less illegal because they happen online. In other words, laws governing the physical world are also relevant in the virtual world. Nevertheless, despite all the similarities, there may still be some differences in form, and there are …

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The Diagnostic Accuracy Of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Versus Core Needle Biopsy For Palpable Breast Lump(S)., Nagi A. Homesh, Mohamed A. Issa, Hamod A. El-Sofiani Jan 2005

The Diagnostic Accuracy Of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Versus Core Needle Biopsy For Palpable Breast Lump(S)., Nagi A. Homesh, Mohamed A. Issa, Hamod A. El-Sofiani

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVES: Breast lump is one of the most common surgical problems in females. Surgical biopsy of palpable breast lump was considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of breast lump(s). Emphasis has been placed on improving method for establishing a definitive diagnosis of breast mass prior to surgery. Our aim was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and core needle biopsy (CNB) in patients with palpable breast masses. METHODS: Prospective randomized controlled clinical trial included 296 Female patients with breast lumps, presented to Al-Thawra Teaching Hospital, Sanaa, Yemen between May 1998 -- May 2002. All …

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Castleman Disease Presenting As Obstructive Jaundice., Saleh M. Al-Salamah, Iftikhar A. Khan, Kamran Khalid, Wafaa A. Al-Shakweer Jan 2005

Castleman Disease Presenting As Obstructive Jaundice., Saleh M. Al-Salamah, Iftikhar A. Khan, Kamran Khalid, Wafaa A. Al-Shakweer

Saudi Medical Journal

A 48-year-old Saudi male was admitted with features of obstructive jaundice. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed stricture in distal common bile duct CBD. Computed tomography scan revealed lymphadenopathy along CBD and in porta hepatis. Cholangiocarcinoma, lymphoma or metastatic deposits were suspected but no definite preoperative diagnosis could be established. Laparotomy disclosed lymph node enlargement in porta hepatis and along the CBD and lesser curvature of the stomach. Triple bypass procedure was performed to relieve the obstruction. Pathological examination of the lymph nodes showed Castleman disease of hyaline vascular type.

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A Randomized Comparison Of Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine And Combination Of Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine With Chloroquine In The Treatment Of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria In Eastern Sudan., Muntasir T. Salah, Mamoun M. Mohammed, Yousif E. Himeidan, Elfatih M. Malik, Mustafa I. Elbashir, Ishag Adam Jan 2005

A Randomized Comparison Of Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine And Combination Of Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine With Chloroquine In The Treatment Of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria In Eastern Sudan., Muntasir T. Salah, Mamoun M. Mohammed, Yousif E. Himeidan, Elfatih M. Malik, Mustafa I. Elbashir, Ishag Adam

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

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Book Review Jan 2005

Book Review

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

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Afterword Culture By Law: Backlash As Jurisprudence, Francisco Valdes Jan 2005

Afterword Culture By Law: Backlash As Jurisprudence, Francisco Valdes

Articles

No abstract provided.

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Afterword "We Are Now Of The View"*: Backlash Activism, Cultural Cleansing, And The Kulturkampf To Resurrect The Old Deal, Francisco Valdes Jan 2005

Afterword "We Are Now Of The View"*: Backlash Activism, Cultural Cleansing, And The Kulturkampf To Resurrect The Old Deal, Francisco Valdes

Articles

No abstract provided.

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Dealing With Illiteracy, Helen Ann Myers Jan 2005

Dealing With Illiteracy, Helen Ann Myers

All Capstone Projects

This research project is to investigate illiteracy and join the battle to help alleviate this widespread disease, and its related problems. Illiteracy has been a very hotly debated issue in the United States for years. The number of illiterate adults is extremely high and the related challenges on this population are overwhelming. Because of this controversy, there is much debate over the best method of educating our young children to be good readers as well as how to address those who have difficulty reading.

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On Legal Pragmatism: Where Does "The Path Of The Law" Lead Us?, Susan Haack Jan 2005

On Legal Pragmatism: Where Does "The Path Of The Law" Lead Us?, Susan Haack

Articles

No abstract provided.

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The Constitution Glimpsed From Tule Lake, Patrick O. Gudridge Jan 2005

The Constitution Glimpsed From Tule Lake, Patrick O. Gudridge

Articles

No abstract provided.

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George's Story: Voice And Transformation Through The Teaching And Practice Of Therapeutic Jurisprudence In A Law School Child Advocacy Clinic, Bernard P. Perlmutter Jan 2005

George's Story: Voice And Transformation Through The Teaching And Practice Of Therapeutic Jurisprudence In A Law School Child Advocacy Clinic, Bernard P. Perlmutter

Articles

No abstract provided.

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Representing Children In Families, Bruce A. Green, Annette R. Appell Jan 2005

Representing Children In Families, Bruce A. Green, Annette R. Appell

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Changes In Beliefs Identify Unblinding In Randomized Controlled Trials: A Method To Meet Consort Guidelines, Judy R. Rees, Timothy J. Wade, Deborah A. Levy, John M. Colford, Joan F. Hilton Jan 2005

Changes In Beliefs Identify Unblinding In Randomized Controlled Trials: A Method To Meet Consort Guidelines, Judy R. Rees, Timothy J. Wade, Deborah A. Levy, John M. Colford, Joan F. Hilton

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Double-blinded trials are often considered the gold standard for research, but significant bias may result from unblinding of participants and investigators. Although the CONSORT guidelines discuss the importance of reporting "evidence that blinding was successful", it is unclear what constitutes appropriate evidence. Among studies reporting methods to evaluate blinding effectiveness, many have compared groups with respect to the proportions correctly identifying their intervention at the end of the trial. Instead, we reasoned that participants' beliefs, and not their correctness, are more directly associated with potential bias, especially in relation to self-reported health outcomes. During the Water Evaluation Trial performed in …

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Essay: The Romance Of Nuremberg And The Tease Of Moral Justice The Nuremberg Trials: A Reappraisal And Their Legacy, Thane Rosenbaum Jan 2005

Essay: The Romance Of Nuremberg And The Tease Of Moral Justice The Nuremberg Trials: A Reappraisal And Their Legacy, Thane Rosenbaum

Faculty Scholarship

Moral justice is an illusion, a pipe dream of the pious, a fantasy of the just, nothing more than a mere myth for the rest of us. It is a mirage of civilized society, something we can envision but seldom receive, a lure that is painfully alluring but ultimately ungraspable.

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Loss, Heidi Li Feldman Jan 2005

Loss, Heidi Li Feldman

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Within Republican political circles, numerous state legislatures, and even the U.S. Congress, advocating caps on "noneconomic" damages in tort suits is in vogue, as part of the ongoing politics of "tort reform." Yet, the distinction between "economic" and "noneconomic" damages is nonsensical. It does not originate in the discipline of economics, but seems instead to be purely a rhetorical invention of those who wish to limit damages by any means politically possible. But law reform based on sheer rhetoric should be shunned; unprincipled rhetoric is no substitute for justificatory reasons, and to make laws without reasons exemplifies arbitrariness and injustice. …

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Community Self Help, Neal K. Katyal Jan 2005

Community Self Help, Neal K. Katyal

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This paper advocates controlling crime through a greater emphasis on precautions taken not by individuals, but by communities. The dominant battles in the literature today posit two central competing models of crime control. In one, the standard policing model, the government is responsible for the variety of acts that are necessary to deter and prosecute criminal acts. In the other, private self-help, public law enforcement is largely supplanted by providing incentives to individuals to self-protect against crime. There are any number of nuances and complications in each of these competing stories, but the literature buys into this binary matrix.

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