Digital Commons Network^™

Solute-Specific Pore Water Irrigation: Implications For Chemical Cycling In Early Diagenesis, Christof Meile, Peter Berg, Philippe Van Cappellen, Kagan Tuncay

Journal of Marine Research

In one-dimensional (1D) early diagenetic models, bioirrigation is typically represented by a nonlocal mass transfer or bioirrigation coefficient, α. Usually, all pore water species are assigned the same α. Here, we show that this assumption can lead to significant errors in estimates of bioirrigation intensities. Using a simplified early diagenetic reaction network, we compute the 3D concentration fields of major pore water species around a vertical burrow, as well as the solute fluxes across the burrow wall. From these results, corresponding 1D vertical α profiles are derived. The α profiles show pronounced differences from one solute to another. Dissolved O …

Effect Of Air-Sea Heat Exchange On Seasonal Transport Variation Of The Kuroshio, Toshihiro Sakamoto

Journal of Marine Research

Observations up to the present indicate that the climatological volume transports of the Kuroshio have an annual range of at most 10 Sv and a maximum in summer, both of which are inconsistent with the nontopographic Sverdrup relation. We show that these observed properties may be reproduced using a two-layer planetary geostrophic model with variable bottom topography if we take into account sea-surface heat flux, as well as large interface displacements associated with layer outcropping. The thermal forcing is represented by seasonally changing the reduced gravity so that the available potential energy of the model ocean is decreased in winter …

Recent Interannual Upper Ocean Variability In The Deep Southeastern Bering Sea, Amy E. Wirts, Gregory C. Johnson

Journal of Marine Research

Recent seasonal and interannual variability of the upper ocean in the southeast Aleutian Basin of the Bering Sea is related to air sea fluxes, ocean advection, and mixing. Between the winter of 2001/2002 and that of 2002/2003 a warming and freshening of the upper ocean was observed in data from a regional array of profiling Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) floats. The mild winter of 2002/2003 resulted in an unusually warm, fresh, light, and shallow winter mixed layer and a weakly ventilated temperature minimum layer. These unusual winter conditions contributed to a substantial reduction in the subsurface temperature inversion characteristic of the southeast …

Determination Of Dynamic Heights In The Bay Of Bengal From Xbt Profiles And Climatological Salinities, M. M. Ali, V. V. Gopalakrishna, Nilesh Araligidad, G. Venkata Reddy, G. Salgoanker

Journal of Marine Research

Dynamic height (DH) computations are necessary for the estimation of geostrophic currents, heat transport studies, identification of eddies and to validate the altimeter sea surface height (SSH) observations. To compute DHs we need the temperature and salinity profiles to a reasonable deeper level. But, temperature profiles alone, such as from XBT (expendable bathy thermograph), are more numerous than combined temperature and salinity measurements from CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth). To use these voluminous temperature measurements from XBT observations in the computation of DHs, temperature/salinity relations were developed in many oceanic regions. Since such an exercise cannot be carried out in …

Life In The Lee: Local Distributions And Orientations Of Honeycomb Worms Along The California Coast, Stacey A. Simmons, Richard K. Zimmer, Cheryl Ann Zimmer

Journal of Marine Research

In the rocky intertidal, invertebrates living in dense, intraspecific groups may be particularly important community members because they provide structural habitat for other species. Despite the prevalence of conspecific aggregates, there is scant knowledge of the proximate and ultimate causes of their distributions. Phragmatopoma californica is a gregarious, suspension-feeding tubeworm that forms extensive reefs ("honeycombs") along the California coast. Local distributions and sizes of worm aggregations, tube orientations and worm mass were quantified to identify patterns and generate hypotheses regarding potential structuring processes. Field surveys were conducted at five intertidal boulder fields in northern and southern California, spanning much of …

Thermohaline Circulation Induced By Bottom Friction In Sloping-Boundary Basins, Johan Nilsson, Gösta Walin, Göran Broström

Journal of Marine Research

We show that a velocity field in geostrophic and hydrostatic balance on the f-plane can be diagnosed from an arbitrarily prescribed distribution of buoyancy in a basin with closed depth contours. We emphasize the steady-state circulation associated with a large-scale horizontal buoyancy gradient, attained in the absence of wind forcing. For inviscid motion, the diagnosed field contains a free barotropic along-isobath flow which can be chosen arbitrarily, e.g. in such a way that the buoyant "southern" pool of surface water essentially recirculates. Including bottom friction, we show that steady motion requires that the net Ekman transport across closed depth …

Spatial Linkages Between Decapod Planktonic And Benthic Adult Stages In A Newfoundland Fjordic System, Pedro A. Quijón, Paul V. R. Snelgrove

Journal of Marine Research

The relative importance of predatory decapod crustaceans in sedimentary communities depends on the spatial variability in their abundance and composition. At the scale of a fjord, such spatial patterns could be related to sill-mediated larval supply. This study examines larval and adult distributions of abundant predatory decapods at six representative sites in a sub-arctic Newfoundland fjord during three consecutive summers. Adult snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) and toad crab (Hyas coarctatus, H. araneus) characterized outer areas of the fjord, whereas pandalid shrimp (Pandalus montagui) dominated inner areas, and rock crab (Cancer irroratus) showed …

On The Subduction Of Upwelled Waters In The California Current, Steven J. Bograd, Arnold W. Mantyla

Journal of Marine Research

We use 20 years of hydrographic data from the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) program off southern California to search for water mass signatures of subducted upwelled waters. A search for secondary oxygen maxima in more than 6000 water column profiles identified 629 cases of deep oxygen inversions. The additional criteria of a minimum magnitude of the deep oxygen inversion and an accompanying reduction in dissolved nutrients identified 106 (∼17%) of these as subduction signatures. The physical and chemical characteristics of these water masses suggest that they had been photosynthetically modified in the euphotic zone, and perhaps ventilated at …

Subantarctic Mode Water And Antarctic Intermediate Water In The South Indian Ocean Based On Profiling Float Data 2000 –2004, Annie P. S. Wong

Journal of Marine Research

Autonomous CTD profiling float data from Argo between 2000 and 2004 have been used to study the properties of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) in relation to local winter mixed layer properties and frontal regimes in the South Indian Ocean. By calculating noise variance at the tightest part of the -S curve, the accuracy of salinity in the selected Argo data set has been estimated to be better than 0.01 psu. The basin-wide and seasonally unbiased sampling of the float array shows that South Indian Ocean SAMW is more continuous in geographical and density space …

Bering Strait Transports From Satellite Altimetry, J. Y. Cherniawsky, W. R. Crawford, O. P. Nikitin, E. C. Carmack

Journal of Marine Research

TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry data are used to compute sea level slopes across the Bering Strait and associated geostrophic transport anomalies through the strait during ice-free periods from 1992 to 2002. The satellite turning latitude near 66N is just north of the strait, allowing us to use data from seven nearly zonal altimeter tracks close to the strait and to provide estimates of mean slopes, geostrophic currents and water transports approximately every 1.5 days. The altimeter-derived transport anomalies far exceed the mean value and are in good agreement with those derived from in situ observations. Comparison to wind data from a nearby …

Diffusion Of Organic And Inorganic Solutes Through Macrofaunal Mucus Secretions And Tube Linings In Marine Sediments, Angelos K. Hannides, Shannon M. Dunn, Robert C. Aller

Journal of Marine Research

Transport models in sediments commonly assume that diffusion occurs through water saturated pore space and that diffusive properties are largely homogeneous and isotropic. The bioturbated zone of marine sediments is characterized by sediment pores filled with mucus gel and criss-crossed by organic membranes that line macrofaunal tubes and burrows. Diffusion experiments utilizing pedal mucus from the naticid snails, Neverita (=Polinices) duplicata and Euspira (=Lunatia) heros, and organic tube linings from the polychaetes Onuphis jenneri, Diopatra cupria, and Chaetopterus variopedatus, demonstrated that the diffusion of both organic and inorganic solutes is inhibited by …

Change Of Sea Level Trend In The Mediterranean And Black Seas, I. Vigo, D. Garcia, B. F. Chao

Journal of Marine Research

Sea level anomaly (SLA) data in the Mediterranean and Black seas obtained by ocean radar altimetry missions (TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason, ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT) are studied in conjunction with corresponding sea-surface temperature (SST) data. The studied time span is 11 years long, 1993-2003. Besides confirming previously published results, we report a significant, but enigmatic, abrupt change in the SLA trend that took place in mid-1999 which has been corroborated by independent tide gauge data. Results obtained from an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis show that the change in 1999 is not uniform in the Mediterranean Sea, which can thus be divided into …

Energetics Of Wind-Driven Barotropic Variability In The Southern Ocean, Wilbert Weijer, Sarah T. Gille

Journal of Marine Research

This study addresses the energetics of the Southern Ocean, in response to high-frequency wind forcing. A constant-density, multi-layer model is forced with a band of stochastically varying wind stress. The focus is on the interplay between the surface layer and the interior circulation.In line with previous examinations, it is concluded that the interior ocean is not directly energized by the wind work, but rather through the work done by the pressure field. The spatial and temporal characteristics of these terms differ substantially. Although the wind work may be negative in extensive regions of the World Ocean, the pressure work energizes …

Origin And Fate Of A Bloom Of Skeletonema Costatum During A Winter Upwelling/Downwelling Sequence In The Ría De Vigo (Nw Spain), X. A. Álvarez-Salgado, M. Nieto-Cid, S. Piedracoba, B. G. Crespo, J. Gago, S. Brea, I. G. Teixeira, F. G. Figueiras, J. L. Garrido, G. Rosón, C. G. Castro, M. Gilcoto

Journal of Marine Research

The onset, development and decay of a winter bloom of the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum was monitored during a 10 d period in the coastal upwelling system of the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain). The succession of upwelling, relaxation and downwelling-favorable coastal winds with a frequency of 10–20 d is a common feature of the NW Iberian shelf. The onset of the bloom occurred during an upwelling-favorable ½ wk period under winter thermal inversion conditions. The subsequent ½ wk coastal wind relaxation period allowed development of the bloom (gross primary production reached 8g C m⁻² d⁻¹) utilizing …

Interfacial Solitary Wave Run-Up In The St. Lawrence Estuary, Daniel Bourgault, Daniel E. Kelley, Peter S. Galbraith

Journal of Marine Research

Density variations show evidence of interfacial solitary waves (ISW) running up the sloping boundary of an island in the St. Lawrence Estuary, confirming inferences based remote sensing. Further detail is suggested by simulations created with a two-dimensional nonhydrostatic numerical model. The simulations confirm theoretical predictions of the location of wave breaking, something that is difficult to observe in the field. Two other results of the simulations match laboratory findings: the creation of turbulent boluses that propagate upslope of the breaking zone, and the creation of an intermediate layer that transports mixed water away from the mixing site. Although our sampling …

The Sdsu Collegian August 2004- May 2005 Index, Lisa Lindell

Hilton M. Briggs Library Faculty Publications

lbis index provides subject access to the South Dakota State University Collegian. Included are all articles written by the newspaper staff as well as wire-service news stories. Excluded are brief announcements and notices. lbis index covers August 2004 through April 2005. Although this is a computer-assisted index, subject headings are not automatically assigned from key words in headlines. Whenever the headline words do not accurately reflect the content of the article, appropriate subject headings are assigned. Names of the editor, columnists, and staff writers on the opinion page are included in subject headings. Excluded are names of those writing letters …

Forecasting Forage Yield On Clayey Ecological Sites In Western South Dakota Using Weather Data, Alexander J. Smart, Barry H. Dunn, Lan Xu, Patricia S. Johnson, Roger N. Gates

South Dakota Beef Report, 2005

The ability to forecast annual forage yield from weather data would be useful for making appropriate adjustments to stocking rates in order to achieve or maintain desired plant communities. Our objective was to determine the relationship between weather variables and annual forage yield from three distinct plant communities on clayey ecological sites in western South Dakota. Forage yield and weather data were collected from 1945 through 1960 at the Cottonwood Range and Livestock Research Station, in western South Dakota. Pastures stocked at 0.25, 0.40, and 0.60 AUM/acre from 1942 to 1960 developed into western wheatgrass-dominated, western wheatgrass-shortgrass co-dominated, and shortgrass …

Koiné 2005, Connecticut College

Connecticut College Yearbooks

This is a digitized version of Koiné, the student yearbook of Connecticut College. It has been divided into sections for ease of access.

To download a copy of the entire book, use the "full-text" link - these files are large and may take some time.

Who's Afraid Of The Precautionary Principle?, Robert V. Percival

Faculty Scholarship

The precautionary principle – the notion that lack of scientific certainty should not foreclose precautionary regulation – has become enormously popular in recent years, as reflected by its endorsement in many important international declarations and agreements. Despite its growing influence, the precautionary principle recently has come under fire by critics who argue that it is incoherent, potentially paralyzing, and that it will lead regulators to make bad choices. They maintain that society faces greater peril from overly costly regulations than from exposure to sources of environmental risks whose effect on human health and the environment is not fully understood at …

Lawrence Summers At The Nber Conference: The Real Deal, Taunya Lovell Banks

Faculty Scholarship

This mini commentary is written in response to a public speech made by Lawrence Summers, then President of Harvard University in 2005 in which he asserted that the under-representation of women in science and engineering may be due in part to biological differences in abilities between women and men. This commentary argues that Summers' remarks constitute a brief against affirmative action for women stated so broadly that it easily encompasses objections to affirmative action for blacks and other non-white Americans. It concludes that our inability or unwillingness to make connections between gender bias and racial privilege helps to maintain a …

Regulation By Software, James Grimmelmann

Faculty Scholarship

Software is neither law nor architecture. It is its own modality of regulation. This Note builds on Larry Lessig’s famous formulation that “code is law” to argue that Lessig was wrong to equate computer software with physical architecture. Although software resembles both law and architecture in its power to constrain behavior, it has features that distinguish it from both. The Note identifies four relevant attributes of software: It is ruleish, potentially nontransparent, impossible to ignore, and vulnerable to sudden failure. By assessing the impact of these characteristics in a given context, one can decide whether software is a good or …

Dordt College 2005-2006 Catalog, Dordt College. Registrar's Office

Academic Catalogs

Academic Catalog for 2005-2006

Weatherford: Undergraduate Catalog 2005-2006, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

Undergraduate Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Boise State University 2005-2006: Undergraduate Catalog, Boise State University

University Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Graduate Catalog Boise State University: 2005-2006, Boise State University

University Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Pathogenicity Of Paecilomyces Spp. To The Glasshouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes Vaporariorum, With Some Observations On The Fungal Infection Process, Ayhan Gökçe, M. Kubi̇lay Er

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out to determine the infection rates of 9 Paecilomyces fumosoroseus isolates and 1 Paecilomyces lilacinus isolate on the glasshouse whitefly (GWF), Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Furthermore, the infection progress of P. fumosoroseus was observed on the insect using light and scanning electron microscopes. Bioassays were carried out on second instar nymphs by the application of a spore suspension of each isolate. The mortality data were recorded 3 and 6 days after the application. The effect of Paecilomyces isolates increased as the incubation time was extended. Seven isolates caused significant mortality to the GWF nymphs. The most virulent isolates, …

2005 Women Making History Booklet, Women's History Center

Women Making History

No abstract provided.

Introduction: A New Historicism? Sound, Music And Ruined Pianos., Cat Hope, Jonathan Marshall

Sound Scripts

One of the highlights of every New Music festival which we attend is the banter that goes on between artists and audiences about what we have experienced together. The Inaugural Totally Huge New Music Festival Conference was a way to formalize these discussions for the 7th Totally Huge New Music Festival of 2005, and it was a privilege to have been able to attend a conference about New Music in the midst of it actually happening. The Conference was opened by the Executive Dean of the Faculty of Communications and Creative Industries, Edith Cowan University, Professor Robyn Quin, and it …

Division Of Research And Economic Development Annual Report For Fy2005, Uri Division Of Research And Economic Development

Reports (Research and Economic Development)

Annual report for the Division of Research and Economic Development of the University of Rhode Island for the year 2004-2005.

Includes statistics of project proposals, expenditures, URI Foundation Awards, previous annual report summaries and awards received by individual academic and administrative departments.

Tick Saliva Is A Potent Inhibitor Of Endothelial Cell Proliferation And Angiogenesis, Ivo M.B. Francischetti, Thomas N. Mather, José M.C. Ribeiro

Plant Sciences and Entomology Faculty Publications

We report for the first time that saliva of the hard tick and Lyme disease vector,Ixodes scapularis,is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Saliva (≤ 1:500 dilutions) or salivary gland (0.1–0.5 pairs/assay) dose-dependently inhibits microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC) proliferation. Inhibition was also detected with the saliva of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus but not with the salivary gland of Anopheles gambiae, An. stephensi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Phlebotomus papatasi, Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Cimex lectularius. Inhibition of MVEC proliferation by I. scapularis saliva was accompanied by a change in cell shape (shrinkage of the cytoplasm with loss of cell-cell interactions) and apoptosis …