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Erythrocyte-Associated Transients In Capillary Po2 In The Rat Spinotrapezius Muscle During Hemodilution With Hespan And A Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carrier, Matthew Barker

Theses and Dissertations

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers for use as transfusion fluids have emerged as a leading technology directed at stemming shortages of a safe blood supply and providing a readily available resuscitation fluid in various trauma situations. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of isovolemic hemodilution with Hespan and a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) on erythrocyte-associated transients (EATs) in capillary PO2. The particulate nature of blood flow in capillaries, when observed from a stationary observation point, results in fluctuations of PO2 as alternating red blood cells and plasma gaps move through the detection region. Therefore, through experimental methods which …

Infant Oral Health: A Survey Of General Dentists, Pediatric Dentists, And Pediatricians In Virginia, Rhea Delcastillo Davis

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and experiences related to infant oral health for both dental and medical providers.Methods: A survey of infant oral health care was sent to 300 randomly selected general dentists, 300 randomly selected pediatricians, and all pediatric dentists in Virginia. The survey contained questions regarding the providers' routine infant oral health care regimen. In addition demographic data from the provider was collected. Responses to the questionnaire were tabulated and percent frequency distributions for responses to each item computed. Percents for all items were based on the total number of respondents …

Genetic Variability, Pathogen Susceptibility, Subspecies Identity And Conservation Of The Endangered Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys Sabrinus) In Virginia, James Lincoln Sparks Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

I examined the population genetic structure of three known subspecies of Glaucomys sabrinus from Appalachia, Washington State, and two previously unexamined populations from Mount Rogers National Recreation Area (MRNRA) in Southwestern Virginia. Mean FST (0.107) and an AMOVA (P G. sabrinus subspecies populations in the southern Appalachians are genetically differentiated. Glaucomys sabrinus at MRNRA were less inbred than expected. Gene flow, a consensus tree based on Nei's genetic distance, elevated heterozygosity and morphometric data suggest that the MRNRA G. sabrinus population is an intergrade of the two recognized Appalachian subspecies, G. s. fuscus and G. s. coloratus. I compared inbreeding …

The Relationship Between Breastfeeding And The Development Of Asthma In Early Childhood, River Anne Pugsley

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Asthma can have significant adverse effects on the health and quality of life of children, and the prevalence of this condition continues to rise. Breastfeeding may protect against asthma, but some uncertainty remains. The purpose of this study was to further examine the relationship between breastfeeding and the risk of developing asthma in early childhood. Methods: Data were collected from the State and Local Area Integrated Telephone Survey: National Survey of Children's Health, 2003. The study population consisted of 33,315 children ages 0 to 5 years. Prevalence rates of asthma and breastfeeding ,were calculated, as were crude and Mantel-Haenszel …

Frequency And Sensitivity Pattern Of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Isolates In A Tertiary Care Hospital Laboratory Of Pakistan, Kauser Jabeen, Afia Zafar, Rumina Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To determine frequency, distribution and sensitivity pattern of Extended-Spectrum ß Lactamase (EBSL) producing organism at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.
Methods: All members of enterobacteriacae isolated between April and August 2002 were studied. Isolates were speciated according to standard biochemical tests. Susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer method. ESBL was detected using double disc method using cefotaxime versus cefotaxime plus clavulanate according to NCCLS. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 10. Test of significance were calculated using chi-square test.
Results: During the study period, 1137/2840 (40%) of the isolates tested were found to be ESBL producing. …

Reasonable Pricing - A New Twist For March-In Rights Under The Bayh-Dole Act, John H. Rabitschek, Norman J. Latker

Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Flagella Aid In Efficient Urinary Tract Colonization, Kelly J. Wright, Patrick C. Seed, Scott J. Hultgren

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bloodstream Infection: Importance Of Appropriate Initial Antimicrobial Treatment, Scott T. Micek, Ann E. Lloyd, David J. Ritchie, Richard M. Reichley, Victoria J. Fraser, Marin H. Kollef

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Characteristics Of Patients With Guillain Barre Syndrome At A Tertiary Care Centre In Pakistan, 1995-2003, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Aisha Rahman, Bushra Jamil, Nadir Ali Syed

Department of Medicine

Objective: To study the clinical presentation, hospital course and outcome of patients admitted with Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) to a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: The charts of patients conforming to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code 9.0, for GBS, from September 1995 to January 2003 were reviewed. Clinical data was recorded on a standardized questionnaire, which included patients' age, sex, antecedent events, neurological signs and symptoms and ventilation requirement. The hospital course was analyzed, including nosocomial infections, therapy given and the functional status of patients, using the Rankin scale (0-6). Standard SPSS 11.5 software (Windows) …

Unf Journal Winter 2005, University Of North Florida

UNF Journal

A university periodical for alumni and friends of the University of North Florida.

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis In Hiv-Positive And Hiv-Negative Children In Haiti: A Hospital-Based Investigation, Marie F. Denis

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Globally, one in four persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who are living with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) will die of tuberculosis (TB). The estimated number of HIV-infected children who die of tuberculosis, especially extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), in Haiti, is only loosely based on facts or investigation. This study proposes to describe demographics of children with EPTB in a pediatric TB hospital in Haiti. The objectives are two-fold. The first objective is to describe the population of children discharged from Grace Children’s Hospital with a confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis overall, and broken down by whether or …

Kent County Advantage Initiative: 2004 Survey Results, Community Research Institute-Johnson Center

Research, Reports, and Publications

No abstract provided.

Recombinant Antimicrobials For Feed Based Delivery In Aquaculture, Tarquin Dorrington

Open Access Dissertations

Two antimicrobial peptides of marine origin, tachyplesin from the horseshoe crab (Tachyplesus tridentatus) and pleurocidin from the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), were evaluated for potential use in feed-based delivery in oyster aquaculture. Tachyplesin, a beta sheet structure was more effective against a range of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, as well as against the protozoan oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus. In addition, tachyplesin's structure made it more resistant to the effects of proteases from the oyster and the parasite. The two peptides also had different effects on the host bacteria of the oyster digestive system, with tachyplesin selectively killing more gram-negatives and …

The Un And The Responsibility To Practice Public Health, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

From International Sanitary Conventions To Global Health Security: The New International Health Regulations, David P. Fidler

Articles by Maurer Faculty

In May 2005, the World Health Organization adopted the new International Health Regulations (IHR), which constitute one of the most radical and far-reaching changes to international law on public health since the beginning of international health cooperation in the mid-nineteenth century. This article comprehensively analyses the new IHR by examining the history of international law on infectious disease control, the IHR revision process, the substantive changes contained in the new IHR and concerns regarding the future of the new IHR. The article demonstrates why the new IHR constitute a seminal event in the relationship between international law and public health …

Permissiveness Of Selected Cell Lines To Equine Arteritis Virus: Establishment, Characterization, And Significance Of Persistent Infection In Hela Cells, Jianqiang Zhang

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

A major goal of this research was to evaluate a variety of cell lines for theirpermissiveness to equine arteritis virus (EAV) infection and then identify the mechanismthat restricts EAV infection in certain cell lines. The cell lines BHK-21, RK-13, andC2C12 were found to support productive infection with EAV strain VBS53, whereasHela, Hep-2, and L-M cell lines exhibited limited susceptibility to infection with thisvirus. In the course of the study, it was found that the Hela cell line became moresusceptible to infection with EAV strain VBS53 after extended serial passage. Therespective cell lines were referred to as Hela High (passage 170-221) …

Redox Proteomics Identification Of Oxidatively Modified Proteins And Their Pharmacological Modulation: Insight Into Oxidative Stress In Brain Aging, Age-Related Cognitive Impairment, Hung Fai Poon

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The studies presented in this work were completed with the goal ofgaining greater insight into the roles of protein oxidation in brain aging and age-relatedcognitive impairment. Aging is associated with the impairment of physiological systemssuch as the central nervous system (CNS), homeostatic system, immune system, etc.Functional impairments of the CNS is associated with increased susceptibility to developmany neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's diseases (AD), Parkinson's disease(PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). One of the most noticeable functionalimpairments of the CNS is manifested by cognitive decline. In the past three decades, thefree radical theory of aging has gained relatively strong support …

Do Viruses Affect Fecundity And Survival Of The Copepod Acartia Tonsa Dana?, Lisa A. Drake, Fred C. Dobbs

OES Faculty Publications

Naturally occurring viruses are extremely abundant in aquatic systems, and they infect bacteria, cyanobacteria, prokaryotic and eukaryotic phytoplankton, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, fish and mammals. Viral infections of single-celled organisms have been studied intensively in the past decade, but little is known about the effects of viruses on aquatic metazoans, other than for some economically important species. Because zooplankton assemblages are often dominated in number and biomass by copepods, we used them as model organisms to study the effects of naturally occurring viruses on higher trophic levels. We attempted to induce viral infection in laboratory-reared cultures of the estuarine copepod Acartia tonsa …

Ridding Ships' Ballast Water Of Microorganisms, Fred C. Dobbs, Andrew Rogerson

OES Faculty Publications

( First paragraph) A complex assemblage of microorganisms exists in nearly every aquatic system on earth. In lakes and oceans, every milliliter of water contains about 10² protists (single-celled eukaryotes), 10⁶ bacteria, and 10⁷–10⁹ viruses. Therefore, billions of microorganisms inevitably enter ships’ ballast tanks during normal operations. It has been argued that microorganisms must certainly be frequent invaders of coastal ecosystems, given the high densities of bacteria and viruses in ballast water—10⁸ and 10⁹ organisms per liter, respectively (1)—their potentially high reproductive rates, broad tolerances to physical conditions, and ability to form resting …

Experimental Populations: Do They Really Work And How Would We Know?, Jessica Anna Anthony

Open Access Master's Theses

In response to the severe decline of the last remnant population of wild Atlantic salmon in the United States, the National Marine Fisheries Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed the Gulf of Maine distinct population segment of Atlantic salmon as endangered on November 17, 2000, pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) as amended.

Other rivers within the Gulf of Maine distinct population segment have suitable salmon habitat, but currently do not support wild populations. These river systems could be potential sites for the reintroduction of a population through the utilization of the riverspecific hatchery …

Hcv-Specific Cellular Immune Responses In Subjects Exposed To But Uninfected By Hcv, M Metzner, A Houldsworth, Ag Demaine, E Kaminski, Me Cramp

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Case-Control Study: Past Chemical Exposures And The Measurement Of The Red Blood Cell Acetylcholinesterase Reactivity In Vitro When Challenged At Various Dosages By Chlorpyrifos-Oxon, Naomi J. Bienfang

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to analyze the red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (RBC AChE) reactivity levels among persons with amyothropic lateral sclerosis (PALS) (cases) and their controls when challenged with the oxon form of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos. The ultimate objective was to determine if a correlation exists between the RBC AChE reactivity level and the participants' disease status and/or exposure to toxins through occupations and hobbies.

Cases in this study were individuals diagnosed by a neurologist with sporadic ALS. Controls were individuals who were not genetically related to the PALS and were neuromuscular disease free. Controls were a …

An Analysis Of The Social Support Network Of Gay Men Living With Hiv, Bridget Roberts-Pittman

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the social support networks of gay men living with HIV. This study represents a unique detailing of the specific members of their social support networks. Eighty-five participants completed the Social Support Questionnaire (Wright, 1995) initially and at 6-month intervals for a 2-year period. The participants were divided into 3 groups defined by HIV status: (a) asymptomatic; (b) symptomatic; and (c) AIDS. Seven participants were randomly selected from each group, resulting in the sample of 21 participants with 238 different individuals within the networks. Networks were examined in terms of stability of the members within the specific networks. …

Best Practice, Current Practice, And Parent Satisfaction With Psychological Evaluation Services Through First Steps In Indiana, Sara Elizabeth Davis

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Parent satisfaction with psychological services provided through the First Steps program in the state of Indiana was the primary focus of this study. Differences in parent satisfaction based on ethnicity, maternalEducation level, family income, and disability eligibility category were investigated. Location of service was also evaluated in terms of parents' satisfaction with services provided. Participants were 123 families who had received psychological services through the Indiana First Steps program during the last two years. Participants were surveyed by mail using an instrument designed for this study. Items on the survey addressed demographics along with a range of practices including assessment …

Characterization Of The Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Of The Macaca Fascicularis, Gregory Matuszek

Theses

In an attempt to establish Macaca fascicularis as a viable animal model for disease studies, characterization of the MHC class I genes is necessary. The necessity arises because the MHC class I molecules have a functional role in immune response. Pig-tailed macaques Macaca nemestrina) and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), two species closely related to Macaca fascicularis have been commonly used to model HIV infection and are well characterized in regards to their MHC class I molecules. As an initial step in establishing M. fascicularis as an animal model, we have cloned and characterized both classical and nonclassical MHC class I …

Understanding Palliative Care: An Ethnographic Study Of Three Australian Palliative Care Services, Judith M. Greaves

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Palliative care commenced in Australia in the early 1980s. Although the value of palliative care has become more widely recognised by the public and other health care professionals, there is still a lack of understanding about what palliative care is and the depth and scope of this specialty area of health care. The research that I present in this thesis is based on examination of palliative care practice in a selection of Australian services, undertaken with the aim of enhancing understanding of Palliative Care. The significance of the research arises from the notion that members of the Australian community should …

Evaluation Of Numerical, Analytical, And Experimental Particle Deposition In Simple And Lung Geometries, Pamela M. Snyder

Theses

Particle deposition is utilized to determine exposure limits, design inhaled medications, and study pulmonary disorders that are a result of airborne pathogens. This information can be obtained from analytical equations, experimental studies, empirical relationships, and numerical analysis.

This research utilizes analytical equations, empirical relationships, and experimental data to investigate the accuracy of three Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software packages; Fluent Discrete Phase Model (DPM), Fluent Fine Particle Model (FPM) and CFX. The sedimentation, molecular diffusion and impaction deposition mechanisms are investigated in a straight tube, bifurcating tube, and three generation lung geometry.

Sedimentation is evaluated in the straight tube for …

The Implementation Of Homeland Security Efforts In Response Organizations: Monroe County, New York Case Study, Heather M. Savage

Theses

The events from 9/11 have prompted many changes in American society. Perhaps the biggest change can be seen in the Emergency Response field. The initial response to the events of 9/11 was a huge push at readying responders for future attacks. However, it can now be seen throughout the response community that the initial emphasis on terrorism readiness has turned into complacency and that the goal of fully preparing each responder has not yet been attained. There are many factors preventing the physical and mental preparation of each Emergency Responder and these factors range from lack of funding to lack …

Tragedy & Remedy: Reparations For Disparities In Black Health, Kevin Outterson

Faculty Scholarship

The Tragedy of American health care is the stubborn persistence of disparities in Black health, one hundred and forty years after Emancipation, and more than four decades after the passage of Title VI. Formal legal equality has not translated into actual health equality. This Tragedy is deeper and older than mere legal forms; it has been supported by powerful social institutions, including some governments, charities, market participants, religions, ideologies, and cultures. Black health disparities interact with other vestiges of slavery such as disparities in wealth, education, employment and housing. They have permeated the American health experience. Efforts to eliminate Black …

The Vanishing Public Domain: Antibiotic Resistance, Pharmaceutical Innovation And Global Public Health, Kevin Outterson

Faculty Scholarship

Penicillin and other antibiotics were the original wonder drugs and laid the foundation of the modern pharmaceutical industry. Human health significantly improved with the introduction of antibiotics. By 1967, the US Surgeon General declared victory over infectious diseases in the US. But pride goes before a fall. The evolutionary pressure of antibiotic use selects for resistant strains with the least fitness cost. Effective drugs should be used. But when they are used, no matter how carefully, evolutionary pressure for resistance is created. The problem is not limited to antibiotics. Variants of the human immunodeficiency (AIDS) virus develop resistance to anti-retroviral …