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Western Michigan University Undergraduate Catalog 2005-2006, Western Michigan University

Western Michigan University Course Catalogs (1904-present)

• General Information
• Academic Units and Programs of Study
• Student Rights and University Services
• Glossary of Terms
• University Officers
• Faculty
• Index
• Academic Courses

2005 University Employee Service Recognition Program, Western Michigan University

25 Year Club

• 25 Year Club
• New Inductees
• Members
• Retirees
• Forty-Five Years of Service
• Forty Years of Service
• Thirty-Five Years of Service
• Thirty Years of Service
• Twenty Years of Service
• Fifteen Years of Service
• Ten Years of Service

Annual Report Of The Officers Of The Town Of Orange, New Hampshire 2004., Orange Town Representatives

Orange, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

Unm Pathology Pathfinder Winter 2005, Unm Department Of Pathology

Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Agendas, Minutes, And Attachments, 2005, Woodland Cemetery Stewardship Committee

Woodland Cemetery Stewardship Committee Records

No abstract provided.

The Nature Of Clemson: A Field Guide To The Natural History Of Clemson University, Lisa K. Wagner, Umit Yilmaz, Victor B. Shelburne, Jerry A. Waldvogel, Mary Taylor Haque

Regional & Local

The Piedmont of South Carolina today is a patchwork of forests, farms, pastures, and developed urban and suburban landscapes. Clemson University’s habitats and natural history reflect similar diversity and history of landscape use, being home to native plants as well as ornamentals, a variety of animals and insects, with layers of history and change reflected in the landscape. The campus has a significant green framework, an interconnected system of landscape plantings, gardens, creeks, remnant natural areas, and shoreline. These green spaces enrich the lives of our students, faculty, staff, and visitors, offering a green antidote to the increasing pace of …

Faculty Senate Minutes, 2005 Meetings, Clemson University

Faculty Senate Minutes

No abstract provided.

President's Report Card To Board Of Trustees, 2005-07, Clemson University

President's Reports to the Board of Trustees

No abstract provided.

Focus On Au: Institutional Response To The D.C. Lead Water Controversy, Molly Frank-Meltzer

PEEL Alumni Scholarship

Tap water is affected by lead residues still found in the water pipe system in D.C. Although the D.C. Water and Sewer Authority (“WASA”) declared recently that 2,800 lead service pipes will be replaced over the next year where old pipelines still remain, this does not necessarily mean all other residences and universities in the Washington area are free from contaminated water. American University (“AU” or the “University”) ran tests in March 2004 when elevated lead levels in the Washington area made headline news. Soon thereafter, the University issued a statement that the campus was not served by the water …

From Paternalism To The Servant Organization: Expanding The Organizational Leadership Assessment (Ola) Model, Jim Laub

International Journal of Servant-Leadership

Servant-leadership is becoming an increasingly accepted term in the leadership and organizational literature. When the likes of Peter Senge (1997), Stephen Covey ( 1994 ), Margaret Wheatley ( 1994 ), and Ronald Heifetz ( 1994) give credence to and promote the term, we notice that the idea of servant-leadership is gaining a profound and wide audience. Leaders, writers and researchers who have espoused this idea of leadership have done so for many reasons. Some do so because they believe that it is the right way to view leadership. Those with this view are drawn to servant-leadership because of its moral …

Predictive Spatial Dynamics And Strategic Planning For Raccoon Rabies Emergence In Ohio, James E. Childs, David L. Smith, Colin A. Russell, Leslie A. Real

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Rabies is an important public health concern in North America because of recent epidemics of a rabies virus variant associated with raccoons. The costs associated with surveillance, diagnostic testing, and post-exposure treatment of humans exposed to rabies have fostered coordinated efforts to control rabies spread by distributing an oral rabies vaccine to wild raccoons. Authorities have tried to contain westward expansion of the epidemic front of raccoonassociated rabies via a vaccine corridor established in counties of eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Although sporadic cases of rabies have been identified in Ohio since oral rabies vaccine distribution in 1998, …

Experimental Transmission Of Chronic Wasting Disease Agent From Mule Deer To Cattle By The Intracerebral Route, Amir N. Hamir, Robert A. Kunkle, Randall C. Cutlip, Janice M. Miller, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Elizabeth S. Williams, Michael W. Miller, Mick J. Stack, Melanie J. Chaplin, Jügen A. Richt

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

This communication reports final observations on experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from mule deer to cattle by the intracerebral route. Thirteen calves were inoculated intracerebrally with brain suspension from mule deer naturally affected with CWD. Three other calves were kept as uninoculated controls. The experiment was terminated 6 years after inoculation. During that time, abnormal prion protein (PrP^res) was demonstrated in the central nervous system (CNS) of 5 cattle by both immunohistochemistry and Western blot. However, microscopic lesions suggestive of spongiform encephalopathy (SE) in the brains of these PrP^res-positive animals were subtle in 3 …

Children's Mercy Annual Report 2004, Children's Mercy Hospital

Children's Mercy Annual Reports

Annual report for The Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Potential Of Multivariate Quantitative Methods For Delineation And Visualization Of Ecoregions, William Hargrove, Forrest Hoffman

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Multivariate clustering based on fine spatial resolution maps of elevation, temperature, precipitation, soil characteristics, and solar inputs has been used at several specified levels of division to produce a spectrum of quantitative ecoregion maps for the conterminous United States. The coarse ecoregion divisions accurately capture intuitively-understood regional environmental differences, whereas the finer divisions highlight local condition gradients, ecotones, and clines. Such statistically generated ecoregions can be produced based on user-selected continuous variables, allowing customized regions to be delineated for any specific problem. By creating an objective ecoregion classification, the ecoregion concept is removed from the limitations of human subjectivity, making …

Noncovalent And Nonspecific Molecular Interactions Of Polymers With Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes, Durairaj Baskaran, Jimmy W. Mays, Matthew S. Bratcher

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Polymer composites containing variable amounts of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been prepared using solution dispersion and melt-shear mixing. Various polymer composites with 1 wt % MWNTs have been found to dissolve homogeneously in organic solvents. The amount of polymer coated or wrapped MWNTs dissolved in the solution was quantified using UV-vis absorbance at 500 nm and the concentration ratio of [MWNTs]_solution/[MWNTs]_composite was close to 1. A nonspecific polymer adsorption through multiple-weak molecular interactions of CH groups with MWNTs in the composites has been identified through FTIR spectroscopy. The composites of polybutadiene with different wt % of …

Relationship Of Stream Flow Regime In The Western Lake Superior Basin To Watershed Type Characteristics, N. E. Detenbeck, V. J. Brady, D. L. Taylor, V. M. Snarski, S. L. Batterman

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

To test a conceptual model of non-linear response of hydrologic regimes to watershed characteristics, we selected 48 secondand third-order study sites on the North and South Shores of western Lake Superior, MN(USA) using a random-stratified design based on hydrogeomorphic region, fraction mature forest, and fraction watershed storage (lakeCwetland area/watershed area). We calculated several commonly used hydrologic indices from discharge and velocity estimates, including daily flow indices, overall flood indices, low flow variables, and ratios or ranges of flow percentiles reflecting the nature of cumulative frequency distributions. Four principal components (PCs) explained 85.9 and 88.6% of the variation of flow metrics …

Regional Scale Evidence For Improvements In Surface Water Chemistry 1990-2001, B. L. Skjelkvåle, J. L. Stoddard, D. S. Jeffries, K. Tørseth, T. Høgåsen, J. Bowman, J. Mannio, D. T. Monteith, R. Mosello, M. Rogora, D. Rzychon, J. Vesely, J. Wieting, A. Wilander, A. Worsztynowicz

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

The main aim of the international UNECE monitoring program ICP Waters under the Convention of Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) is to assess, on a regional basis, the degree and geographical extent of the impact of atmospheric pollution, in particular acidification, on surface waters. Regional trends are calculated for 12 geographical regions in Europe and North America, comprising 189 surface waters sites. From 1990-2001 sulphate concentrations decreased in all but one of the investigated regions. Nitrate increased in only one region, and decreased in three North American regions. Improvements in alkalinity and pH are widely observed. Results from the ICP …

U.S. Epa’S Iris Assessment Of 2-Butoxyethanol: The Relationship Of Noncancer To Cancer Effects, J. S. Gift

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

U.S. EPA’s integrated risk information system (IRIS) assessment of 2-butoxyethanol (EGBE) indicates that the human carcinogenic potential of EGBE cannot be determined at this time, but that “suggestive evidence” for cancer exists from laboratory animal studies (hemangiosarcoma of the liver in male mice and forestomach squamous cell papilloma or carcinoma in female mice [National Toxicology Program (NTP), 2000a. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 2-butoxyethanol (CAS no. 111- 76-2) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies). National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series No. 484. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC]). Since the last …

Implantation Of Subcutaneous Radio Transmitters In The Harbor Seal (Phoca Vitulina), Michelle Lander, Martin Haulena, Frances Gulland, James Harvey

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Radio telemetry has become a standard tool for studying the behavior, physiology, life history traits, and population dynamics of marine mammals. Radio transmitters typically are attached to the hind flippers of pinnipeds or glued to the fur using marine epoxy or other cyanocrylare adhesives (Fedak et al. 1983, Bengtson 1993, Jeffries et al. 1993). Longterm data acquisition is difficult, however, because radio-flipper transmitters commonly tear from the webbing of the flipper and instruments that are glued to the fur are shed during the seasonal molt.

Relating Results Of Chronic Toxicity Responses To Population-Level Effects: Modeling Effects On Wild Chinook Salmon Populations, Julann A. Spromberg, James P. Meador

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Standard toxicity tests assess the physiological responses of individual organisms to exposure to toxic substances under controlled conditions. Time and space restrictions often prohibit the assessment of population-level responses to a toxic substance. Compounds affecting various toxicity endpoints, such as growth, fecundity, behavior, or immune function, alter different demographic traits and produce different impacts on the population. Chronic effects of immune suppression, reproductive impairment, and growth reduction were examined using life history models for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Modeled immune suppression acted through reductions in age-specific survival, with first- and secondyear survival producing the greatest changes in the …

Th E Conservation Reserve Program And Duck Product Ion In The U.S. Prairie Pothole Region, Ronald Reynolds

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Th e Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America has historically been considered the most important area of the continent for many species of waterfowl, particularly upland nesting ducks (Bellrose 1976). However, during the time since settlement of this area by Europeans, productivity by species such as mallard, gadwall, blue-winged teal, northern shoveler, and northern pintail has apparently declined. Beauchamp and others (1996) reported a system-wide decline in nest success of upland nesting duck species in the PPR between 1935 and 1992. Nest success has been identified as the single most important factor influencing population change of mallards breeding in …

Preliminary Investigations For Causes Of The Disappearance Of Diporeia Spp. From Lake Ontario, Ronald Dermott, Mohiuddin Munawar, Robert Bonnell, Silvina Carou, Heather Niblock, Thomas F. Nalepa, Gretchen Messick

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

The amphipod Diporeia spp. comprised 60-80% of the benthos in offshore Lake Ontario and was an important food for fish. In eastern Lake Ontario, Diporeia spp. began disappearing in 1993 just after the arrival of dreissenid mussels. We compared survival of Diporeia spp. and Hyalella azteca in sediments from areas where Diporeia spp. populations had vanished with survival in sediments still inhabited. Survival was also examined in the presence of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) pseudofeces, filtered water from mussel cultures, and added bacteria. The Microtox® test indicated that sediment pore water was not toxic. Sediments from sites with …

Recovery And Decline Of Lake Whitefish In U.S. Waters Of Eastern Lake Ontario, 1980-2001, Randall W. Owens, Robert O'Gorman, Thomas H. Eckert, Brian F. Lantry, Dawn E. Dittman

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

The lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) was an important member of the native fish community and a valued commercial species in Lake Ontario. Lake whitefish were common in U.S. waters of the lake until 1965 and very abundant in Canadian waters through the early 1970s, although their numbers declined shortly thereafter. During 1975-1985, lake whitefish stocks remained depressed throughout the lake as a result of the combined effects of degraded water quality, overfishing, and predation. Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) probably preyed on whitefish fry, and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) preyed on adults. During 1985-1987, lake …

An Internet-Based Survey Of Factors Influencing Medical Student Selection Of A General Surgery Career, Amalia Cochran, Spencer Melby, Leigh A. Neumayer

United States Department of Veterans Affairs: Publications

Background: This study descriptively analyzes characteristics of general surgery residency and practice and their influence on student interest in surgical careers.

Methods: Fourth-year medical students were invited to complete an Internet-based survey. A 5-point Likert scale described characteristics of general surgery residency and practice influencing medical student specialty selection. The same characteristics of nonsurgical careers were evaluated for students entering other specialties.

Results: A convenience sample of 408 students from 16 medical schools completed the survey. All respondents viewed lifestyles of surgical residents and attending surgeons as negative influences on specialty selection. Workload during surgical residency negatively …

Comparison Of Individual And Pooled Sampling Methods For Detecting Bacterial Pathogens Of Fish, Sonia Mumford, Chris Patterson, Joy Evered, Ray Brunson, Jay Levine, Jim Winton

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Examination of finfish populations for viral and bacterial pathogens is an important component of fish disease control programs worldwide. Two methods are commonly used for collecting tissue samples for bacteriological culture, the currently accepted standards for detection of bacterial fish pathogens. The method specified in the Office International des Epizooties Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals permits combining renal and splenic tissues from as many as 5 fish into pooled samples. The American Fisheries Society (AFS) Blue Book/US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Inspection Manual specifies the use of a bacteriological loop for collecting samples from the kidney of …

Environmental Contaminants And Biomarker Responses In Fish From The Rio Grande And Its U.S. Tributaries: Spatial And Temporal Trends, Christopher J. Schmitt, Jo Ellen Hinck, Vicki S. Blazer, Nancy D. Denslow, Gail M. Dethloff, Timothy M. Bartish, James J. Coyle, Donald E. Tillitt

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We collected, examined, and analyzed 368 fish of seven species from 10 sites on rivers of the Rio Grande Basin (RGB) during late 1997 and early 1998 to document temporal and geographic trends in the concentrations of accumulative contaminants and to assess contaminant effects on the fish. Sites were located on the mainstem of the Rio Grande and on the Arroyo Colorado and Pecos River in Texas (TX), New Mexico (NM), and Colorado. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were the targeted species. Fish were examined in the field for internal and external …

Transitions: What’S Love Got To Do With It?, Kathleen T. Brinko

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

This essay addresses strategies for managing the transition of new faculty into the academy in order to avoid disenchantment and leaving the academy before tenure.

Coordinated Contingency Planning In The Face Of Uncertainty In The National Aviation System, Philip J. Smith, Amy Spencer, Charlie Billings

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

One of the major challenges for strategic planning in aviation concerns uncertainty about weather and traffic constraints, as traffic managers often have to disseminate reroute advisories 2 hours before an expected constraint impacts an airport, and dispatchers file flight plans 60-75 minutes before a flight’s departure. When the predictions used to for these plans are wrong, significant inefficiencies (unused airspace and runway capacity from a traffic manager’s perspective and delayed flights from a dispatcher’s perspective) often result. To make operations more adaptive, new procedures have been developed. These procedures involve using predefined Coded Departure Routes, and are now being extended …

A Simulation Evaluation Of A Human-Centered Approach To Flight Deck Procedures And Automation For En Route Free Maneuvering, Walter W. Johnson, Vernol Battiste, Stacie Granada, Nancy Johnson, Arik Quang Dao, Dominic Wong, Anthony Tang

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

A joint simulation was conducted by NASA Ames and Langley Research Centers. This paper presents flight deck performance and subjective data collected at the NASA Ames Research Center. During the simulation of en route free maneuvering, the presence and mixture of managed and autonomous aircraft was manipulated, as was the number of autonomous aircraft.. These manipulations allowed for an examination of the viability of both conducting mixed AFR-IFR operations, and of substantially increasing en route traffic through insertion of AFR aircraft. The Ames airside performance and pilot comment data support the safety and feasibility of the concept, with double en …

Flight Test Evaluation Of Situation Awareness Benefits Of Integrated Synthetic Vision System Technology For Commercial Aircraft, Lawrence J. Prinzel Iii, Lynda J. Kramer, Jarvis J. Arthur Iii, Randall E. Bailey, J. Raymond Comstock

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2005

Research was conducted onboard a Gulfstream G-V aircraft to evaluate integrated Synthetic Vision System concepts during flight tests over a 6-week period at the Wallops Flight Facility and Reno/Tahoe International Airport. The NASA Synthetic Vision System incorporates database integrity monitoring, runway incursion prevention alerting, surface maps, enhanced vision sensors, and advanced pathway guidance and synthetic terrain presentation. The paper details the goals and objectives of the flight test with a focus on the situation awareness benefits of integrating synthetic vision system enabling technologies for commercial aircraft.