Digital Commons Network^™

Determination Of Dissolved Iron Speciation In The North East Atlantic Ocean By Flow Injection Chemiluminescence, Simon Ussher

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The knowledge of iron biogeochemistry is constrained by paucity in the understanding of its uptake, transport and the partitioning of the element between different phases, redox states and coordination sites. The work presented in this thesis describes the optimisation and evaluation of a Flow Injection Chemiluminescence (FICL) method for the shipboard determination of dissolved Fe(II) species (< 0.2 µm) in seawater. This includes results from two ship-board trials and a study of the effects of model ligands on iron redox speciation measurements in natural waters. The method was also used to determine the distribution of dissolved iron species (< 0.2 µm) in two contrasting study areas in the North East Atlantic Ocean and for a study of aerosol iron dissolution in seawater. The FI-CL method was evaluated and was found to be robust and sensitive, to have low limits o f detection (5-12 pM) and short analysis times 3 min) suitable for the high resolution spatial and temporal sampling required for shipboard analysis of Fe(II). A study of the effects of model ligands on Fe(II) determination revealed no conclusive evidence for significant interference from organic molecules on the method but Fe(III) in the presence of certain organic molecules had the potential to cause positive and negative interference in aqueous samples. Field survey results obtained for a transect between the Bay of Biscay to the coast of the Netherlands, showed enrichment of dissolved iron (0.7 - 2 nM) on the European continental shelf in March 2002. Near the shelf break, the iron enriched shelf waters were separated from low iron open ocean surface waters (0.15 - 0.4 nM) by a well-defined mixing gradient. Elevated dissolved Fe(II) concentrations (> 100 pM) were observed at the shelf break and during a solar radiation maximum in the coastal waters of the southern North Sea. These features were attributed to the dissolution of Fe(II) from anoxic sediments and photoreduction of iron from dissolved and suspended …

Environmentally Friendly Technology: The Behaviour Of Natural And Synthetic Binder Systems Within Paper Coatings, Giuliano Laudone

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Coating shrinkage upon drying is a phenomenon well known to the paper coating industry, where it often causes changes in the final structure of the coating layer leading to poor results in terms of gloss, light scattering, surface strength, coverage, uniformity and printability. Such shrinkage has in previous studies been wrongly associated with shrinkage of the polymeric binders used in the coating formulation, by making erroneous comparison with solvent-based paint systems. Natural binders, as starch or proteins, which come from renewable resources and are therefore environmentally friendly, suffer more from this shrinkage phenomenon than synthetic binders. The aim of this …

Modelling The Water Quality Of The Patos Lagoon, Brazil, Deborah Ann Tyrrell

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

A two-dimensional depth integrated finite element modelling suite comprising the flow model TELEN4AC-2D and the water quality model WQFLOW-2D has been calibrated to simulate the physics and chemistry of the Patos Lagoon and Estuary system in southern Brazil for the investigation of nutrients, primary production and faecal bacteria. The model has been evaluated for use as a predictive tool to aid the decision making process for the rehabilitation and management of the shallow embayment of Saco da Mangueira adjacent to the city of Rio Grande in the lower Patos Estuary. This bay is one of several shallow areas bordering the …

Nursing Research In The National Health Service: Activity, Strategies And Organisational Models, Valerie Anne Woodward

School of Nursing and Midwifery Theses

In this study, nursing research activity and support for this within the English National Health Service (NHS) were examined. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase involved. working with one acute NHS trust to identify nursing research activity in the trust and to develop its nursing research strategy. The second involved working with five NHS trusts to explore nursing research activity and analyse support for nursing research within these organisations. The professional, educational and policy-related issues that set the context for the study were examined. The literature review for Phase 1 highlighted the fact that there …

The Dynamics Of A Tidal Intrusion Front In A Natural Estuary: Effects On Multibeam Sonar Accuracy, Richard Holman Collingwood Thain

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

This research has utilised high-resolution measurements of density and velocity to investigate the formation of a transient tidal intrusion front in a narrow, macrotidal estuary, and model the impact of such a frontal system on the accuracy of multibeam sonar surveys. The front was found to form during spring tides, when the barotropic inflow was sufficient to arrest the buoyant outflow from the estuary. This has been shown to be driven by changes in channel width and depth, creating a hydraulic control point. These changes in topography are demonstrated to interact with the flow m a similar manner to theoretical …

Development Of A Non-Invasive Electrophysiological System For Measuring The Auditory Capability Of Marine Animals, Jonathan Murray Lovell

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The following work describes the development and application of a neurological system to definitively profile the auditory responses of aquatic animals, presented as audiograms showing hearing threshold verses sound frequency. The accuracy of such information is essential for the optimisation of bio-technical devices such as the Acoustic Fish Deterrent (AFD) barrier deployed in the Illinois River to prevent the migration of non-indigenous Asian carp into Lake Michigan, and in the impact assessment of anthropogenic underwater sounds on the hearing of cetaceans and other marine animals. The ensuing Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) electrophysiological recording technique developed at the University of Plymouth …

Analysis Of Pharmaceuticals And Biomolecules Using Hplc Coupled To Icp-Ms And Esi-Ms, Andrew James Cartwright

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The work described within this thesis explores the use of HPLC coupled with ICPMS and ESI-MS in order to develop novel methods which overcome specific analytical challenges in the pharmaceutical industry. A membrane desolvation interface has been evaluated for coupling high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Desolvation of the sample prior to reaching the plasma was shown to facilitate a versatile coupling of the two instrumental techniques, enabling chromatographic eluents containing up to 100 % organic to be used. This interface also allowed gradient elution to be used with ICP-MS. Tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphonium propylamine bromide (TMPP) …

Techniques For Studying The Biogeochemistry Of Nutrients In The Tamar Catchment, Utra Mankasingh

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Chapter One describes nitrogen and phosphorus species in the aquatic environment, their role in eutrophication, current legislation relevant to nutrient water quality and catchment management and the role of predictive modelling of nutrient export with respect to the management of river catchments. It also summarises analytical techniques for the determination of nitrogen and phosphorus species in natural waters and the use of generic ecotoxicological assays to link nutrient water quality and organism health. Data integrity is essential to biogeochemical studies that inform scientific research and environmental management. Reliable, accurate data permit valid conclusions to be drawn. The quality assurance and …

Use Of Depth Perception For The Improved Understanding Of Hydrographic Data, Runar Ostnes

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

This thesis has reviewed how increased depth perception can be used to increase the understanding of hydrographic data First visual cues and various visual displays and techniques were investigated. From this investigation 3D stereoscopic techniques prove to be superior in improving the depth perception and understanding of spatially related data and a further investigation on current 3D stereoscopic visualisation techniques was carried out. After reviewing how hydrographic data is currently visualised it was decided that the chromo stereoscopic visualisation technique is preferred to be used for further research on selected hydrographic data models. A novel chromo stereoscopic application was developed …

Foundations In Wisconsin: A Directory [24th Ed. 2005], Mary C. Frenn, Rebecca Cesarz, Megan Muthupandiyan, Vance Thomas, Lisa Zongolowicz

Foundations in Wisconsin: A Directory

The 2005 release of Foundations in Wisconsin marks the 24th edition of the print directory and the 5th year of the online version (www.wifoundations.org). The directory is designed as a research tool for grantseekers interested in locating information on private, corporate, and community foundations registered in Wisconsin. Each entry in this new edition has been updated or reviewed to provide the most current information available. Most of the data was extracted from IRS 990-PF tax returns filed by the foundations. However, additional information was obtained from surveys, annual reports, and foundation Web sites.

The 2005 edition documents the significant economic …

Maltese Fisheries And The Sustainability Of Resources Around The Maltese Islands, Matthew Camilleri

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Despite the socio-cultural importance of Maltese fisheries, a very limited number of studies and reports on the industry have been published, and scientific studies on the interaction between the Maltese fishing fleet and the fisheries resources exploited have never been carried out. Data collection schemes to monitor Maltese fisheries were also found to be extremely limited, however, this study has analysed the information arising from recently initiated data collection programmes, coordinated by the author, related to the fleet, its activities and the resources exploited; these programmes were namely a fishing fleet census, catch and effort sampling schemes and trawl surveys. …

The Tectonic Evolution Of The Hatay Ophiolite Of Southeast Turkey, Jennifer Inwood

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

A combination of palaeomagnetic and structural analyses have been used to constrain rotations in the Hatay (Kizildag) ophiolite of southeast Turkey in the eastern Mediterranean region and to produce a tectonic model for its evolution. The ophiolite comprises part of a prominent chain of southern Neotethyan ophiolites that stretches from the Troodos ophiolite of Cyprus eastwards to the Semail ophiolite of Oman. The Hatay ophiolite and the related Baer-Bassit ophiolite of Syria comprise the most westerly ophiolites emplaced onto the Arabian platform in the Maastrichtian. The palaeomagnetic analyses demonstrate that a large coherent anticlockwise rotation was experienced by the Hatay …

Small Island Developing States, Sustainability And The Caribbean Sea, Asha Singh

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

This study encompasses twenty-seven SIDS and the Caribbean Sea. In order to detennine the pressure on the sea from anthropogenic activities both terrestrial and marine, four major components were investigated. These are (a) how land use activities on the islands are affecting the Sea (b) the effects of coastal and marine based activities on this marine area (c) the influences of natural events on the Caribbean Sea and the SIDS (d) how the region is responding to minimise the pressures on the sea via policies and programmes. In the first component, the DPSIR in combination with GIS was applied to …

Phosphorus Speciation In Soil Leachate Using Field-Flow Fractionation And Flow Injection Analysis, Laura Jane Gimbert

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Colloidal material (0.001 - 1 um) in soil leachate and agricultural drainage waters is an important route for the transport of contaminants such as phosphorus from land to catchments. Excessive phosphorus concentrations can result in eutrophication of natural waters. To be able to characterise the colloidal material, in terms of size distribution, a mild and relatively new separation technique field-flow fractionation (FFF) can be used to fractionate complex colloidal samples. By combining FFF and flow injection analysis (FIA) more detailed physico-chemical information on phosphorus species in soil leachates and agricultural runoff waters can be obtained. Chapter 1 describes the methods …

The Other Sullivan Case, Garrett Epps, Garrett Epps

All Faculty Scholarship

The standard triumphalist narrative of NEW YORK TIMES V. SULLIVAN celebrates the Supreme Court's defense of free speech and press in the case's vindication of powerful journalistic institution. Ignored in this story is the story of the local defendants, civil rights leaders in Alabama who had their solvency threatened by the state courts' vindictive action against them. These defendants challenged the segregated proceedings used in court to affix liability to them—but the Supreme Court ignored their arguments and ignored the racial-equality and individual-rights aspects of the case. From their point of view, SULLIVAN might be so unalloyed a triumph.

Yours For Keeps: Mgm V. Grokster, Max Oppenheimer

All Faculty Scholarship

In MGM v. Grokster, now pending before the U.S. Supreme Court, all parties have made the assumption that most P2P file transfers infringe copyrights. Two theories contradict that assumption: a significant number of individuals who transfer files over P2P networks may have a license to do so, and the Copyright Act itself may exempt the transfer of certain categories of entertainment files over P2P networks from the definition of infringement.

Objecting To Court Ordered Mediation, Jane C. Murphy

All Faculty Scholarship

Maryland judges have wide discretion to refer parties to mediate a variety of civil matters. Title 17 of the Maryland Rules, enacted in 1998, governs mediation of civil cases in the circuit courts. These rules are supplemented by Maryland Rule 9-205, which addresses mediation of child custody and visitation disputes. Although these rules define mediation and address mediator qualifications in some detail, they say very little about either a party's right to object to mediation or the court's authority to compel participation in mediation.

Given that the mediation rules are relatively new and mediation orders would generally be considered interlocutory, …

Results Of A Judicial Survey On The Maryland Department Of Juvenile Services, Gloria Danziger, Barbara A. Babb

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

A Theory Of Access To Justice, Robert Rubinson

All Faculty Scholarship

This Article draws upon three observations: 1) the vast majority of disputes involve low-income litigants; 2) the vast majority of public and private resources of dispute resolution are allocated to disputes involving wealthy individuals and organizations; 3) any principled moral or ethical analysis demonstrates that the stakes are much higher in disputes involving low-income disputants than in disputes involving affluent individuals or organizations. Thus, the legal matters that attract a minute percentage of dispute resolution resources implicate issues of food and shelter, life and death. The Article describes a methodology - called "Resources of Dispute Resolution" or "RDR" - for …

A Computational Model Of Auditory Feature Extraction And Sound Classification, Martin Coath

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

This thesis introduces a computer model that incorporates responses similar to those found in the cochlea, in sub-corticai auditory processing, and in auditory cortex. The principle aim of this work is to show that this can form the basis for a biologically plausible mechanism of auditory stimulus classification. We will show that this classification is robust to stimulus variation and time compression. In addition, the response of the system is shown to support multiple, concurrent, behaviourally relevant classifications of natural stimuli (speech). The model incorporates transient enhancement, an ensemble of spectro - temporal filters, and a simple measure analogous to …

Computational Models Of The Thalamocortical Circuit: Sleep Oscillations And Receptive Fields., Nada Yousif

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

The thalamus is a subcortical structure, which consists of a collection of functionally and morphologically defined nuclei. A subset of these, the sensory nuclei, receive information from the periphery and relay it to the related primary cortical area. Hence the thalamus was traditionaUy assumed to passively relay afferent information. However, the fact that thalamic relay cells receive a large proportion of their sjoiaptic inputs from the cortical cells to which they project, has led to the consensus that there is a more significant thalamic contribution to sensory processing. This thesis investigates the role of the thalamocortical feedback loop using population-level …

Environmental Assessment Of Biogeochemical Cycling Of Dissolved Organic Carbon (Doc) And Nitrogen (Don) In Natural Waters, El-Sayed A. Badr

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Increases in human population and activities have lead to significantly enhanced inputs of carbon and nitrogen fiom both point and difiuse sources to rivers, estuaries, and coastal seas, altering the global carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles. This increased load has had a marked ecological impact globally, with detrimental changes to primary production, conununity stricture and water quality. Understandmg the nature and cycling of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON), significant components of the global carbon and nitrogen cycles, in estuaries will provide better estimates of C and N transport to coastal and ocean waters. This study involves: (1) optimisation …

Appropriate Practice? : A Study Of The Role And Co-Ordination Of Volunteer Appropriate Adults For Young Suspects, Harriet Louise Pierpoint

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

This thesis reports on the first empirical study of the volunteer appropriate adult service for young suspects and the first attempt to determine the extent and nature of volunteer appropriate adult provision nationally. The investigation provides an original insight into the philosophy, role, practice and co-ordination of the appropriate adult. At an empirical level, the investigation fills a gap in the current work on the appropriate adult by considering the use of volunteers in the role, in terms of their practice and co-ordination and the extent and nature of their use. The empirical research is based on a detailed case …

Using Interactive Software As A Conceptual Tool: An Examination Of Cognition In Improvised Musical Performance, Timothy Thomas Sayer

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

Viewing musical improvisation in the light of psychology and cognitive science, this thesis will explicate the rationale behind the development of a software based audiovisual interface for use in improvised solo instrumental performance. The evolution of the performance environment is presented along with the theories and concepts that have shaped its progress. The opening chapter will review the terms of reference used throughout the work and will set a boundary around the area of examination. Chapter two will place musical improvisation within the context of human behaviour and in so doing will draw upon theoretical discourse from the fields of …

Academic Feminism In Britain And The Usa 1980 And 1998: A Comparative Analysis, Rachel Torr

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

Questions concerning the relationship between knowledge and other factors in the social world are among those that have been central to contemporary academic debates both within and outside of academic feminism. Linking into these debates, this study is guided by one central, underlying question; "What relationships exist between the changing perspectives, themes and contexts of academic feminism in Britain and the USA?" Four hypotheses form the framework for the project These hypotheses are informed by recent debates within feminist theory that appear to emphasise the dominance of poststructuralism in 1990s feminism and literature addressing the social shaping of knowledge. By …

Performing A Practice: Narrative • Translation • Live Installation • Urban Intervention, Anya Lewin

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

Abstract: This is a practice based PhD which follows several different lines of inquiryin order to pursue the ideas and territories which the practical worksthemselves lead to rather than imposing a question which the practical workhad to speak to. The practical works ore as much a port of the submissionas the text and each chapter includes a DVD with either the work, or if itwas site specific, the documentation. The text never seeks to explain thework but to expand and contextualise it. Although each chapter of thedocument is specific to a particular inquiry - mistranslation throughsubtitling, representations of the self …

Broken Contract : The Autobiographical Performance Or Producing 'Self' In The Act Of Writing A Life, Joshua Leo Sofaer

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

Taking as its starting point the definition of autobiography proposed by Philippe Lejeune in his essay 'The Autobiographical Contract', this study uses performance-based research to instigate a number of theoretical propositions which aim to test the boundaries of what is understood as autobiography. While the area under investigation is tightly focussed on the margins of autobiographical practices, examples and case studies range across literature (including J. M. Barrie, Marcel Proust and W. G. Sebald), performance practice (including Marina Abramovic, Tim Etchells and Zhu Yu), popular culture (including Blind Date, Michael Jackson and Marilyn Monroe) and philosophy (including Giorgio Agamben, Gilles …

Writings, Readings And Not Writing: Poems, Prose Fiction And Essays, John Hall

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

This submission of published work consists of a number of different modes of writing that interrelate as the concerns of a poet, essayist and teacher. There are twenty-seven separate publications, presented under six categories headings: (A) poems, including prose-poems, written for the page; (B) prose-fiction, represented through a single work; (C) visual poems; (D) enquiries into aspects of a general poetics, including questions about 'situatedness' or 'implicatedness', genres of discourse and their related modalities, poetics and grammar, and a poetics of reading; (E) critical and celebratory readings, mostly of contemporary poets and poems; (F) meditations on institutionalised divisions and modalities …

The Role Of Attachment To Obesity And Psychopathology, Gretchen Moran Marsh

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Obesity and overweight have reached epidemic proportions in the United States (WHO, 1988). Despite the various treatment programs, the problem is getting worse, more people are becoming obese, and it is estimated that 90-95% of those who lose weight will regain it (Legro, 2000). Current treatment programs fail to take into consideration emotional variability within this population. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between attachment, BMI, and psychopathology. Obese participants (N = 101) seeking treatment for weight loss completed 3 questionnaires: 1) Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised, 2) Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-Ill, and 3)Questionnaire on Eating …

Carhampton Magistrate District In Relation To The 1856 County And Borough Police Act : A Case For Non-Statutory Policing, Janet Susan Setterington

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

The 1856 County and Borough Police Act had a pronounced effect on the criminal statistics in Somerset. Assize and Quarter Session committal statistics dropped across the county as a whole and this fall was reflected in six of seven individual magistrate areas studied. The seventh, the Carhampton magistrate district, showed no reduction in recorded crime. The records, in fact, suggest that the area was either subject to little criminal activity, or that people were not reporting offences. The lack of petty session records in Somerset prevented their inclusion in this study. In this thesis a number of criteria are applied …