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Some Behaviour Traits Observed On The Kıvırcık And Crossbred Lambs Raised In Intensive Conditions, Fevzi̇ Karaağaç, Mustafa Özcan, Türker Savaş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the behaviour responses of the crossbred lambs [F_2 (German Black-Headed Mutton x Merino) x F_1 (Chios x Kıvırcık)] were compared with the Kıvırcık lambs in intensive conditions and the effects of genotype, sex and observation period on the behaviours displayed were investigated. The data were collected from 10 (5 male + 5 female) Kıvırcık and 10 (5 male + 5 female) crossbred lambs, which were weaned at the age of 2-2.5 months. The effect of genotype was found significant on the behaviours of feed consumption (P < 0.01), activities towards the bedding material (P < 0.05), rumination (P < 0.01), lying (P < 0.01), oral stereotypic behaviours (OSB) (P < 0.01) and behaviours towards animal (BTA) (P < 0.01). Behaviours towards other animals and oral stereotypic behaviours in the crossbred lambs were 50% and 27% more than the Kıvırcık lambs, respectively. Significant differences in terms of the activities towards the bedding material (P < 0.05), rumination (P < 0.01) and lying (P < 0.01) behaviours were determined between the male and female lambs. It was seen that the male lambs were more active in the breeding area. The effects of observation period were found significant on feeding (P < 0.01), drinking (P < 0.01), rumination (P < 0.01), lying (P < 0.01), standing (P < 0.01), oral stereotypic behaviours (P < 0.01) and behaviours towards animals (P < 0.05). Although the crossbred lambs were more superior for fattening program in terms of live weight gains, they showed more abnormal behaviours (OSB and BTA), which are the signs of stress, in the limited breeding area, depend on the lessening of the area by the rise in their live weights.

Effects Of Various Dietary Fat Sources On Performance And Body Fatty Acid Composition Of Broiler Chickens, M. Ali̇ Azman, İ. Hali̇l Çerçi̇, Nurgül Bi̇rben

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary fat sources including soybean oil (SO), poultry grease (BG) or beef tallow (BT) used as fat source on growth performance and fatty acids composition of abdominal fat, thigh skin, breast and thigh muscle of broiler chickens. Three hundred 21-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to 3 groups and were fed corn–soy based grower diets containing 6% of the respective dietary fat source between 21 and 41 days. Final body weight was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by dietary fat sources. Daily weight gain and daily feed intake was …

The Effects Of Melatonin Hormone On Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme Activity In Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Erythrocytes In Vitro And In Vivo, Olcay Hi̇sar, Şükrü Beydemi̇r, İlhami̇ Gülçi̇n, Şükri̇ye Aras Hi̇sar, Telat Yanik, Ömer İrfan Küfrevi̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effects of melatonin hormone on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase enzyme purified by using Sepharose 4B-L tyrosine-sulfanylamide affinity gel chromatography were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Carbonic anhydrase from Oncorhynchus mykiss erythrocytes was purified with a specific activity of ~400 EU/mg protein and ~200-fold in a yield of ~20. Melatonin did not inhibit carbonic anhydrase enzyme in vitro. Carbonic anhydrase activity of the control group was determined as 1597.7 ± 429.0 EU/g hemoglobin in vivo. Carbonic anhydrase activities were measured at 1, 3 and 5 h by following melatonin injection. The corresponding mean activities of melatonin …

Isolation Of Clostridium Perfringens From Chickens And Detection Of The Alpha Toxin Gene By Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr), Hakan Kalender, Hasan Basri̇ Ertaş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to isolate Clostridium perfringens from chickens and to detect the gene encoding the alpha toxin produced by all types of C. perfringens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Intestinal contents of 160 slaughtered chickens from 8 different farms in Elazığ province were analyzed. C. perfringens was isolated from 8 (5%) of the samples. DNA samples extracted from suspected isolates grown on selective agar were amplified by PCR using a pair of primers derived from the alpha toxin gene. All of 8 suspected isolates were found to be C. perfringens by conventional methods and PCR. Isolates were …

Some Biological Aspects Of Parapenaeus Longirostris (Lucas, 1846) (Crustacea, Decapoda) Inhabiting The Sea Of Marmara, Yusuf Kenan Bayhan, Tarik Ünlüer, Mehmet Akkaya

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, carried out between November 2000 and October 2001, the annual spawning period, first maturity length, length frequency distribution and length/weight relationship of Parapenaeus longirostris that inhabit most commonly the Sea of Marmara were investigated. Analysis of the data obtained from this study revealed that although the mature individuals with fully developed eggs were found almost every month throughout the year, the highest gonadosomatic index values were obtained in September, October, December, April and May. The total length at which 50% of the population reaches maturity is calculated to be 9.7 cm. Among the individuals caught, females at …

Identification And Distribution Of Lactic Acid Bacteria During The Ripening Of Şavak Tulum Cheese, Gülsüm Ateş Öksüztepe, Bahri̇ Patir, Mehmet Çalicioğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was undertaken to determine changes in the flora of lactic acid bacteria during the ripening of Şavak tulum cheese and to identify the major species playing an important role in the ripening process. Tulum cheese was produced from raw sheep milk using traditional methods and ripened in plastic containers at 4 °C for 90 days. Samples were taken on days 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90 and analyzed for isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria. A total of 783 isolates of lactic acid bacteria were identified. The results indicated that, in general, lactic streptococci were predominant within …

Determination Of Alpha Naphthyl Acetate Esterase Activity In The Peripheral Blood Leukocytes In Angora Rabbits, Zi̇ya Özcan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity in the peripheral blood leukocytes in Angora rabbits. The heparinized blood samples obtained from 10 healthy adult Angora rabbits were used. ANAE stainings were applied at different pH values for the determination of ANAE activities. The ANAE positive reactions were observed in the T lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and platelets. The ANAE positive lymphocyte rate was found to be 68.2%.

Morphometric And Electrophoretic Variation In Different Honeybee (Apis Mellifera L.) Populations, İrfan Kandemi̇r, Meral Kence, Aykut Kence

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Honeybee colonies from Turkey, Naxcivan (Azerbaijan) and Austria were studied for morphometric and electrophoretic variation and for comparison among different subspecies. Out of six enzyme systems, four were found to be polymorphic with 14 allozymes. Discriminant function analysis of 10 morphometric variables resulted in a total of four groups. Cluster analysis of electrophoretic data showed a similar type of groupings. Among the four polymorphic loci, Mdh-1 showed the highest and Est-3 the lowest differentiation among populations.

Detection Of Antibodies Produced Against Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale And Bordetella Avium By Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay In Hens And Turkeys In Aydın Province, Turkey, Süheyla Türkyilmaz, Osman Kaya

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Respiratory diseases are very common in poultry. Bordetella avium and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale are among the major microorganisms responsible for these diseases. The study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of O. rhinotracheale and B. avium in Aydın. Two hundred seventy-six chicken and 360 turkey serum samples were collected from poultry with respiratory disease suspicion in poultry enterprises around the city and samples were then examined for the presence of B. avium and O. rhinotracheale by commercial ELISA kits. The results revealed that 66.3% of chicken and 11.1% of turkey serum samples were positive for O. rhinotracheale and 29.1% of turkey …

Private Standards In Public Law: Copyright, Lawmaking And The Case Of Accounting, Lawrence A. Cunningham

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Government increasingly leverages its regulatory function by embodying in law standards that are promulgated and copyrighted by non-governmental organizations. Departures from such standards expose citizens to criminal, civil and administrative sanctions, yet private actors generate, control and limit access to them. Despite governmental ambitions, no one is responsible for evaluating the legitimacy of this approach and no framework exists to facilitate analysis. This Article contributes an analytical framework and, for the federal government, nominates the Director of the Federal Register to implement it.

Analysis is animated using among the oldest and broadest examples of this pervasive but stealthy phenomenon: embodiment …

The Doctrine Of Preemptive Self-Defense, Sean D. Murphy

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

To the extent that the intervention in Iraq in 2003 is regarded as an act of preemptive self-defense, the aftermath of that intervention may presage an era where states resist resorting to large-scale preemptive self-defense. The intervention in Iraq highlighted considerable policy difficulties with the resort to preemptive self-defense: an inability to attract allies; the dangers of faulty intelligence regarding a foreign state's weapons programs and relations with terrorist groups; the political, economic and human costs in pursuing wars of choice; and the resistance of a local populace or radicalized factions to what is viewed as an unwarranted foreign invasion …

The Faith-Based Initiative And The Constitution, Ira C. Lupu, Robert W. Tuttle

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This paper, originally presented as the Annual Lecture at DePaul University's Church/State Center, addresses the many constitutional issues raised by President George W. Bush's Faith-Based and Community Initiative. Part I of the paper provides the political and legal background of the Initiative, up to and including the recent flurry of Executive Branch activity to implement it. Part II of the paper constructs the constitutional prism through which we believe the Initiative, like all constitutional questions relating to religion, should be viewed. In particular, we analyze the law of the Religion Clauses in terms of the constitutional distinctiveness or non-distinctiveness of …

Localization Of Co4107 Marker, Ctr1 And Wilson (Atp7b) Bac Clones On Dog Chromosomes, Yusuf Özkul

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Copper toxicosis (CT) is a common autosomal recessive disorder in dogs. Recently, the CT locus was closely linked to microsatellite marker C04107. Currently, the gene underlying CT is unknown. In contrast to that of many other animals, knowledge regarding the canine karyotype is quite sparse. Except for the X and Y, all the chromosomes are acrocentric. Peripheral blood was used in this study and high-resolution G-banding and FISH were performed on dog chromosomes. In order to evaluate the chromosomal locus of the ATP7B gene (Wilson F4 and Wilson B1), CTR1 and the CO4107 marker were isolated from canine BAC clones. …

Effects Of Interleukin 1(Il1)-Induced Matrix Breakdown On Chondrocyte Morphology In Bovine Nasal Cartilage Explants, Di̇dem L. Kozaci, Gülgün Oktay, Anthony P. Hollander

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of matrix loss on regulating chondrocyte phenotype, and the synthesis and activation of collagenolytic enzymes. IL1 was used to enhance matrix breakdown in bovine nasal cartilage explants. Change in matrix composition and its effects on chondrocyte morphology were investigated using histochemical techniques. In bovine nasal explants, chondrocytes responded to IL1 to manifest 2 distinct patterns of cell shape exhibiting either pyknotic or enlarged nuclei. Enzyme activity analysis suggested a positive correlation between collagenolytic activity and the occurrence of proteoglycan loss and cell morphology changes. These data suggest that loss of …

Seasonal Variation In Trawl Codend Selectivity For Annular Sea Bream (Diplodus Annularis L., 1758), Hüseyi̇n Özbi̇lgi̇n, Zafer Tosunoğlu, Adnan Tokaç, Gülnur Meti̇n

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study investigated the selectivity of a 40 mm mesh size polyethylene codend commonly used by Turkish demersal trawlers. Seasonal selectivity data were collected for annular sea bream (Diplodus annularis), which is the most abundant discard species in the catch composition in Gülbahçe Bay. Four sets of data were collected in spring (4-18 April 2002), summer (10-25 July 2002), autumn (26 September-2 October 2002) and winter (22-23 January 2003). The selectivity of the same codend was tested under very similar conditions except for the seasonal variables. The data were obtained using the covered codend technique, and analysed by logistic equation …

Selectivity Of Standard, Narrow And Square Mesh Panel Trawl Codends For Hake (Merluccius Merluccius) And Poor Cod (Trisopterus Minutus Capelanus), Hüseyi̇n Özbi̇lgi̇n, Zafer Tosunoğlu, Celaletti̇n Aydin, Hakan Kaykaç, Adnan Tokaç

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The selectivity of 3 trawl codends, (1) a commercially used standard codend, (2) a narrow codend (100 meshes on its circumference instead of 200) and (3) a square mesh top panel codend, was tested for hake (Merluccius merluccius) and poor cod (Trisopterus minutus capelanus) between 8 and 24 October 2003, in the Aegean Sea. Data were collected using the covered codend technique, and analysed by means of a logistic equation with the maximum likelihood method. The results show that the commercially used standard codend (40 mm mesh size PE codends, 200 meshes on its circumference) retains all the hake that …

Rapid Evaluation Of Bacteriolysis Of Listeria Innocua And L. Welshimeri Strains Isolated From Foods, Fi̇gen Çeti̇nkaya, Recep Çibik

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was performed to determine the bacteriolytic extent of 10 strains of Listeria innocua and 9 strains of L. welshimeri isolated from foods. Bacteriolysis was measured at 650 nm by spectrophotometer. For this purpose, late exponential phase cells were transferred into potassium phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 7.0) and incubated at 37 ºC. While the bacteriolysis range of L. innocua strains was 48% to 76% after 48 h of incubation, L. welshimeri isolates exhibited broader bacteriolytic variabilities, from 10% to 67%. A preliminary analysis of the bacteriolysis of L. innocua and L. welshimeri may be useful in detailed evaluations …

Determination Of The Seroprevalence Of Leptospirosis In Cattle By Mat And Elisa In Hatay, Turkey, Özkan Aslantaş, Vi̇ldan Özdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Five hundred and twelve serum samples collected from randomly selected cattle of different age and sex from the towns and central villages of Hatay during April-July 2003 were tested for antibodies against 3 different Leptospira interrogans serovars (grippotyphosa, hardjo and icterohaemorrhagie) using a microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Forty-five (8.8%) and 72 (14%) of the 512 serum samples tested were detected to be positive with MAT and ELISA, respectively. Of the 45 MAT positive serum samples, 26 (57.7%) were positive against serovar grippotyphosa, 9 (20%) were positive against serovar hardjo, 1 (0.2%) was positive against serovar …

Isolation Of Listeria Monocytogenes From Fish Intestines And Rapd Analysis, Hasan Basri̇ Ertaş, Engi̇n Şeker

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

One hundred and fifty fish caught from Keban Dam Lake were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay using a random primer was performed to detect genetic variations among L. monocytogenes isolates. The selective enrichment procedure followed by selective isolation was used for listeria isolation from fish intestines. Ten (6.6%) L. monocytogenes were isolated and identified from fish intestines. Two different band profiles were obtained by the RAPD analysis of the isolates. The results indicated that the isolates might have originated from different sources, and fish contaminated with L. monocytogenes may cause serious …

Scintigraphic Assessment Of Hepatobiliary Functions In Healthy Adult Dogs, Murat Sarierler, Bülent Ulutaş, Yakup Yürekli̇, Göksel Bayramli, Serpi̇l Erdoğan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Our objective was to investigate hepatobiliary functions in healthy dogs using ^{99m}Tc-mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS): 200 µCi/kg ^{99m}Tc-mebrofenin was injected intravenously into 12 healthy adult dogs. One-hour dynamic images and 2, 4 and 24 h static images were obtained. HBS was evaluated for 7 variables. Cardiac washout occurred within 3 min in all dogs. A photophenic area in the region of the gall bladder was seen in 3.03 ± 0.21 min. However, bile ducts were not identified as separate structures in any dogs. Mean Tmax of the liver was 7.95 ± 3.22 min. Initial gall bladder radioactivity was seen 13 …

Prevalence Of Cryptosporidium Spp. And Giardia Spp. In Cows And Calves In Sivas, Serpi̇l Değerli̇, Ali̇ Çeli̇ksöz, Kadi̇r Kalkan, Semra Özçeli̇k

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in healthy asymptomatic cows and calves was investigated on 30 farms in Şarkışla in Sivas. The population on these farms consisted of 457 animals: 47 calves 15-45 days old, 48 calves 45-90 days old, 38 calves 90 days-6 months old, 254 calves 6 months-1 year old, 60 cattle 1-3 years old, and 10 cattle 9-15 years old. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were identified by zinc sulphate flotation technique and modified acid fast stain methods in cattle ranging from 15 days old to adults. Cryptosporidium spp. positive animals were found at all (100%) farms. …

Immune Responses In Mice Immunized Intranasally With Sendai Virus, Gazim Bizanov, Irena Jonauskiene

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Mice were immunized 3 times intranasally (i.n.) at intervals of 2 weeks with a formalin-inactivated Sendai virus (SV) whole virus with and without whole formalin-inactivated Bordetella pertussis (Bp) as adjuvant. The antibody response to SV was measured using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test in serum, and the IgA and IgG antibodies were evaluated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in saliva and serum. It was demonstrated that repeating immunizations with SV plus Bp could induce HI serum antibodies, IgA and serum IgG antibodies. However, in mice immunized subcutaneously with SV alone, high serum IgG antibodies and HI titers were induced only. …

The Effects Of Dietary Lead Exposure And Ascorbic Acid On Performance, Lipid Peroxidation Status And Biochemical Parameters Of Broilers, Zeynep Erdoğan, Suat Erdoğan, Taylan Aksu, Erol Baytok

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Lead is one of the ubiquitous environmental pollutants that induce a broad range of physiological and biochemical dysfunctions in animals. This study evaluated the effects of dietary lead exposure and ascorbic acid on performance, serum biochemical parameters, plasma malondialdehyde and lead accumulation in broiler chickens. For this purpose, lead acetate at 200 mg/kg and ascorbic acid at 100 mg/kg were added to the diet alone or in combination for 42 days. A total of 120 broiler chicks were divided into 4 treatment groups: control, ascorbic acid, lead, and lead + ascorbic acid. By the end of the study, lead caused …

The Effects Of Energy Restricted Diet On The Activities Of Plasma Cu-Zn Sod, Gsh-Px, Cat And Tbars Concentrations In Late Pregnant Ewes, Kemal Öztabak, Sabi̇ha Ci̇velek, Aysel Özpinar, Gülden Burçak, Feraye Esen

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of low energy diets on the enzymatic antioxidant activities of ewes in late pregnancy. Thirty Chios ewes were used. Twenty pregnant ewes were divided into 2 groups of 10 ewes each (groups II and III), with 10 non-pregnant ewes being separated into a third group (group I). The ewes in groups I, II and III were fed rations containing 9.14 MJ ME/kg of dry matter (DM)-10.23% crude protein (CP), 10.20 MJ ME/kg of DM-15.04% CP, and 8.82 MJ ME/kg of DM-14.47% CP, respectively. Plasma copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), glutathione …

Determination Of Entrance Seasons Of Elvers (Anguilla Anguilla L.,1766) In Gözlen Creek And Assessment Of Different Catching Methods, Fahretti̇n Küçük, Erkan Gümüş, İskender Gülle

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out in Gözlen Creek, located on the Fethiye-Muğla boundary Turkey, between March to July, 1998, and January to July, 1999. Elvers were collected using trap-nets, drift nets, hand scoop nets and electrofishing equipment. Examination indicated that the highest yield was obtained using hand scoop nets (P < 0.05) and electrofishing equipment. Elvers entered Gözlen Creek between February and July. A total of 214 specimens entering the creek were examined and 3 different groups were established according to their morphological characteristics: average weight (W) group I; 0.166 ± 0.007 g, group II; 0.392 ± 0.02 g, group III; 0.800 ± 0.06 g and average total length (L) group I; 56.16 ± 0.06 mm; group II; 64.39 ± 0.11 mm and group III; 82.02 ± 0.18 mm. The length-weight relation of elvers was calculated using regression analysis and was determined as follows: group I; W = 0.0020*L^{2.5327}, group II; W = 0.0015*L^{2.9516}, and group III; W = 0.0023*L^{2.7090}. The condition factor (C) was determined as 0.209 ± 0.009 for group I; 0.154 ± 0.004 for group II and 0.251 ± 0.009 for group III.

Interactions Among Melatonin Hormone, Catecholamines And Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme In Trout, Olcay Hi̇sar, Şükri̇ye Aras Hi̇sar, Telat Yanik

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Impacts Of Beef Prices And Vat On Chicken Meat Consumption: A Partial Equilibrium Approach, Hali̇l Fi̇dan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study examines the impact of beef prices and taxes on chicken meat consumption in Turkey. The model presents a partial equilibrium approach for beef prices and chicken meat consumption in Turkey that can be used for simulation and forecasting. The structure of the model follows the vertical chain of the chicken meat sector, allowing equations for the supply, demand and net trade of chicken meat. The price, income, cross-price and tax elasticities of chicken meat were estimated to determine the impacts of beef prices and VAT. According to the analysis, for slaughtered chicken, the price elasticity was 0.37, the …

Effects Of Mad Honey On Blood Glucose And Lipid Levels In Rats With Streptozocin-Induced Diabetes, Nuray Öztaşan, Konca Altinkaynak, Fati̇h Akçay, Fatma Göçer, Şenol Dane

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study investigated whether mad honey affects blood glucose and lipid levels in experimental animals. It was found that mad honey caused significant decreases in blood glucose and lipid levels in animals with streptozocin-induced diabetes mellitus (n = 10) and controls (n = 10). These decreases may be due to grayanotoxins in the mad honey causing the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas to secrete insulin by stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system or M_{2}-muscarinic receptors.

Influence Of Different Light Sources, Illumination Intensities And Storage Times On The Vitamin C Content In Pasteurized Milk, Songül Çakmakçi, Tamer Turgut

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effect of various light sources and illumination intensities on the destruction of vitamin C was determined during the storage of pasteurized milk. For this purpose, raw cow's milk was pasteurized at 72 ^oC for 15 s, and then stored in 2 different refrigerators (4 ± 1^oC) illuminated by fluorescent and tungsten light (normal light) sources with intensities of 1100, 2400 and 5800 lux. As a control group, a pasteurized milk sample was stored at the same temperature under dark conditions. The amount of vitamin C in the milk samples was recorded after 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 …