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2004

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An Eye Tracking Technique Towards Form Reasoning In Design Practices., Kuo-Jung Hsieh, Eleanor Jayne Browne Nov 2004

An Eye Tracking Technique Towards Form Reasoning In Design Practices., Kuo-Jung Hsieh, Eleanor Jayne Browne

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Question - how do individuals perceive visual forms in the indication of daily life interactions? The recording of eye movements during task operation can indicate levels of cognitive behaviours that have been considerably difficult to detect in the past. Fixation and saccades data which display ‘intention shift’ and ‘motor system drive’ illustrate how individuals interact with visual stimuli. Two experiments were coordinated to examine the possibility of visual form reasoning investigation in design applications. The broad results indicated that successful communication and decision-making were very likely comprised of three major elements – ‘stimulus presentation’, ‘context’ and ‘personal preference’. However, even …

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Designing In A Multicultural World., Konstantinos Syrmos, John Boult, Ray Holland Nov 2004

Designing In A Multicultural World., Konstantinos Syrmos, John Boult, Ray Holland

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The purpose of this study is to investigate a new paradigm in consumer behaviour, which is a conceptual framework to study how consumers behave through theoretical categories originating within different cultures. As individuals we belong to different cultures, but all of us belong to a cultural group called consumer culture, where design and branding play a major part when it comes to decision making. Today’s consumers are brand weary. They are surrounded by brands; they use brands and in many occasions identify themselves with the brand.

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Designerly Research: Towards Design's Own Research Paradigm., Fatina Saikaly Nov 2004

Designerly Research: Towards Design's Own Research Paradigm., Fatina Saikaly

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design research draws on different research paradigms from both the sciences and the humanities. Two empirical works about design research at the doctoral level demonstrated the emergence of a research paradigm distinct from research in the sciences and the humanities. The first empirical work was a comparative study of ten Ph.D. programmes in design. The selected cases were from different geographical-cultural contexts. The study of each case was divided into three parts: the study of the programme, the study of a selected Ph.D. thesis and an interview with the coordinator of the programme or with a Ph.D. supervisor. The second …

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Using Music To Influence Creative And Critical Thinking., Kevin Hilton, Cathy Lockhart, A G Rodell, B Rodell Nov 2004

Using Music To Influence Creative And Critical Thinking., Kevin Hilton, Cathy Lockhart, A G Rodell, B Rodell

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper investigates the hypothesis that listening to music may influence responsiveness to creative or critical thinking tasks. It has been acknowledged that a driver’s attitude can change as a result of choice of music played during a journey, but is such an influence observable with cognitive tasks of a creative or critical nature? Certain types of music have been claimed to aid cognitive ability and skill development, though a number of follow-up research programmes have called the reliability of some of these tests into question. The term ‘Mozart Effect’ has been used in reference to a growing claim that …

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The Panoramic Narrative And The Production Of Historical Consciousness: This Is Australia., Denise Whitehouse Nov 2004

The Panoramic Narrative And The Production Of Historical Consciousness: This Is Australia., Denise Whitehouse

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper takes a cross-disciplinary approach drawing on developments in Australian historical and cultural studies to investigate the role of design in the production of national cultures and more specifically the construction of colonising histories. It argues that in modern settler nations such as Australia, graphic design has had a significant role in the shaping of the public imagination of nationhood. This paper investigates the historical involvement of the graphic designer in constructing the visual vocabulary and communication strategies of the modern panoramic narrative and its origins in 1930s when business and government turned to modern design to bring aesthetic …

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Morphing As A Tool For Exploring Affective Product Shapes., Lin-Lin Chen, Chun-Chi Yeh, Brandon Wong, Kun-An Hsiao Nov 2004

Morphing As A Tool For Exploring Affective Product Shapes., Lin-Lin Chen, Chun-Chi Yeh, Brandon Wong, Kun-An Hsiao

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Fierce competition in an increasingly fragmented market forces new products to be developed in rapid cycles for very specific groups of target customers. Automobiles, which used to spend five to seven years in development, are now developed in three to five years. For the highly competitive consumer electronics market, the situation is much worse: a mobile phone is often given merely three months for design and development. In many product categories, the market is flooded with numerous products that are almost indistinguishable in terms of functionality, quality, and usability. To stand out among such abundance of alternatives, a product must …

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Designing Transmutational Worlds In Game Space., Troy Innocent Nov 2004

Designing Transmutational Worlds In Game Space., Troy Innocent

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Digital games are often situated within interactive 3D spaces that create the feeling of being in ‘another world’. The limitations of realtime simulation make it necessary for compromises to made in the representation of game worlds – it is not possible to recreate every detail of ‘reality’ within these worlds. So, they are abstractions of reality that rely on the player’s mind to fill in the gaps. This paper looks at principles of world design for digital games in terms of the most significant elements needed to ‘create a world’ in the players mind. The player becomes the subject addressed …

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The Big Brand: Designing A National Identity System. A New Australian Flag And Supporting Ensigns., Russell Kennedy Nov 2004

The Big Brand: Designing A National Identity System. A New Australian Flag And Supporting Ensigns., Russell Kennedy

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper tests the Advance Australia National Flag in the context of an extended visual identity program. The colonial flag system used by the Britain to brand its empire has provided an insight into the possible implementation of any new Australian flag design. The flag of the colonising country assumes a position of dominance in the canton or first quarter. The individual symbol or badge of the colony is then positioned in the field (prominent back ground colour) of the flag. If it is important for Australia to retain its state flags then any new Australian flag design should consider …

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Bathing The Dog: Research-Based Practice At The Experimental Nexus Of Art And Design., Darragh O'Brien, Jo Dane Nov 2004

Bathing The Dog: Research-Based Practice At The Experimental Nexus Of Art And Design., Darragh O'Brien, Jo Dane

DRS Biennial Conference Series

There is much academic debate on the idea of design practice as research; Dickey (2002), for example, refers to research as “a fact-based activity” and design practice as “a series of subjective commitments”. Langer (1942) suggests that although objects may express ideas, those ideas are not presented as a legitimate form of language, thus cannot be compared with the discursive properties of the written word. For over fifty years, such comments have polarized academic opinion, suggesting that research and design practice are somehow mutually exclusive. The intention of this paper is to examine design research as a liminal pursuit where …

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Designing Text For The Screen: Setting Out The Criteria For The Legibility Of Type Designed To Be Read From The Computer Screen., Stuart Gluth Nov 2004

Designing Text For The Screen: Setting Out The Criteria For The Legibility Of Type Designed To Be Read From The Computer Screen., Stuart Gluth

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The legibility of text on the computer screen appears to be one of the most important problems that designers have currently, or any communicators perhaps. It may be that the paperless office has not come about largely because of the difficulty of reading text on the screen. More forests of paper than ever seem to be being consumed just so that people can read the vastly increased amount of information that their computers give them access to. Nor are high tech solutions such as greater screen resolution or non-screen presentations a solution for the majority of users because of cost …

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A P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface: Testing An Alternative Method Of Communication, Eric W. Sellers Nov 2004

A P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface: Testing An Alternative Method Of Communication, Eric W. Sellers

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The current study evaluates the effectiveness of a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system that operates by detecting a P300 elicited by one of four randomly presented stimuli (i.e., YES, NO, PASS, END). Two groups of participants were tested. The first group included three ALS patients that varied in degree of disability, but all retained the ability to communicate; the second group included three Non-ALS controls. Each participant participated in ten experimental sessions during a period of approximately 6 weeks. Sessions were conducted either at the participant's home or in the lab. During each run the participant's task was to attend to …

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The Advocate (Vol. 2, Issue 6) Nov 2004

The Advocate (Vol. 2, Issue 6)

Student Newspaper (Amicus, Advocate...)

No abstract provided.

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What Kind Of Vehicle Should Be?, Yunwoo Jeong, Soon Jong Lee, Ho Ik Jang, Sang Koo, Seung Chul Boo, Wonsik Ham, Jin Sung Kim Nov 2004

What Kind Of Vehicle Should Be?, Yunwoo Jeong, Soon Jong Lee, Ho Ik Jang, Sang Koo, Seung Chul Boo, Wonsik Ham, Jin Sung Kim

DRS Biennial Conference Series

According to the social, economic, technological, and cultural aspects of change leading from the past to the present and to the future, a number of products, life styles, and practices are created, nullified, or combined to generate different forms of values. Likewise in the automotive industry, there have been a variety of genres that have gone through the process of creation, fixation, disappearance, or transformation for a short period of more than 100 years. As the recent changes in human needs are globalization and complicated, the automotive genre is rapidly diversified and combined in terms of style, function, performance, and …

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A Matrix Of Material Representation., Hengfeng Zuo, Mark Jones, Tony Hope Nov 2004

A Matrix Of Material Representation., Hengfeng Zuo, Mark Jones, Tony Hope

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The sensory properties of materials such as colour, texture, sound, smell, etc and people’s perceptual responses to them are very important information for designers to consider when selecting or combining materials for a manufactured product. Based on theoretical, experimental and computer programming methods, this research has established a framework of a database referred to as ‘Matrix of Material Representation’. The Matrix is a visual narrative model that systematically contains the holistic information about the factors involved in the human perception of materials and illustrates the interrelationship between these factors. Currently, the detailed information about material texture perception has been integrated …

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A Study On The Mode Of User Interface For The Elderly., Wang-Chin Tsai Nov 2004

A Study On The Mode Of User Interface For The Elderly., Wang-Chin Tsai

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mode of user interface of consumer electronic appliances for the elderly. For this purpose, a digital clock was chosen with five different interface modes in this experiment. Forty elderly subjects (above 65 yrs) and forty middle-elderly subjects (45-64 yrs) participated in this study. Each subject had to operate three different tasks such as time setting, alarm time setting, and date setting. We investigated how problems encountered when performing these tasks, and collected data such as operation time, total number of input, and subjective estimation. The findings of this study indicated that …

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Macroscopic Feature Driven Shape Generation Method For Curve Design Support., Yoshiki Ujiie, Yoshiyuki Matsuoka Nov 2004

Macroscopic Feature Driven Shape Generation Method For Curve Design Support., Yoshiki Ujiie, Yoshiyuki Matsuoka

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In styling design, the construction of method for representation of macroscopic feature and the construction of method for control of macroscopic feature are important. This paper describes the method for representation of macroscopic feature "complexity" in curved profile, and the shape generation method for control of complexity. Firstly, method for representation of macroscopic feature "complexity" was proposed. "Complexity" affects evaluation of the important factor on design, such as "beauty" and "similarity." In the present study, the method for representation of complexity was applied to the diverse curved profiles. As a result, it was found that curvature integration represents the complexity …

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Exploring Emotional Responses On Empathic Objects., Ming-Huang Lin, Yu-Hung Chien Nov 2004

Exploring Emotional Responses On Empathic Objects., Ming-Huang Lin, Yu-Hung Chien

DRS Biennial Conference Series

According to Franco Fornari’s theory of ‘affective codes’, and the concept of ‘transitional objects’ from the studies of British psycholoanalyst Donald Woods Winnicott, Alberto Alessi, the key figure in his organisation, has developed and established the language of empathic objects in the Alessi workshop and through subsequent production. These objects reveal great passion and display the strong Alessi identity. Alessi’s discovery illustrates a fascinating and exciting psychological approach to design. Based on his hypotheses, this research aims to probe people’s emotional responses when facing these objects.

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Principles Of Design Of Map Style Sign Displaying Detour., Yoshie Kiritani, Nariaki Sato, Kazuo Sugiyama, Kazuhiro Uchida, Masash Naito Nov 2004

Principles Of Design Of Map Style Sign Displaying Detour., Yoshie Kiritani, Nariaki Sato, Kazuo Sugiyama, Kazuhiro Uchida, Masash Naito

DRS Biennial Conference Series

For design index of the map style sign to provide variable road information, experiments were conducted to measure comprehensibility of the sign, and so on. The design point was that the detour was animated and driver’s cognition was considered. As a result, the desirable presentation style of the detour was gradation animation, and, in this connection, the jam-up area should not be animated. The recommended size of letters, route marks, and pictograms was smaller than the current legal size in Japan. The readily available guideline of design of the map style sign was presented.

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Circa (Computer Interactive Reminiscence And Conversation Aid): The Collaborative Research Process In Context Challenge., Gary Gowans, Jim Campbell Nov 2004

Circa (Computer Interactive Reminiscence And Conversation Aid): The Collaborative Research Process In Context Challenge., Gary Gowans, Jim Campbell

DRS Biennial Conference Series

There are estimated to be more than eighteen million Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) sufferers worldwide. Other dementia related clinical condi tions would significantly expand this estimation, and with human populations progressively becoming older, the incidence of age-related cognitive impairment is set to grow proportionately. Quality of reminiscence therapy can vary enormously depending upon many variables e.g. availability of resources, location, type of care environment etc. Current practice often relies upon physical props, e.g. old photo-albums.

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Investigating The Nature Of Design Thinking., Kees Dorst Nov 2004

Investigating The Nature Of Design Thinking., Kees Dorst

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Many of the problems we face in today’s society are extremely complicated; they tend to spans many different disciplines, to be ill-structured, and their solution requires a creative, solution focussed approach. In other words, many problems we face today are bearing an ever closer resemblance to design problems. This realisation has led to an extensive study into the possibilities of developing a ‘design methodology of the social sciences’, where fields such as ‘lawmaking’ and ‘the making of a curriculum ’, have been described in design-like terms, and supported by design methods [Heffen et al. 1999, Visscher-Voerman, 1999]). The solution of …

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Creating User Centred Designers., Andrée Woodcock Nov 2004

Creating User Centred Designers., Andrée Woodcock

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The failure of practicing designers and engineers to encompass ergonomics issues in their practice has long been a source of frustration for both ergonomists and customers - ergonomists, because they know their discipline could inform and benefit the end product, and customers suffer the consequences of poor design. Although the relationship between ergonomics and design has been well explored, and has led to the development of various solutions - these have not had the major impact on design that was desired. This paper looks at a new approach, through education, that might lead to the creation of more user centred …

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Kinds Of Anthropomorphic Form., Carl Disalvo, Jodi Forlizzi, Francine Gemperle Nov 2004

Kinds Of Anthropomorphic Form., Carl Disalvo, Jodi Forlizzi, Francine Gemperle

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper is a report on ongoing basic design research into anthropomorphic forms in design. With this research, we are building a core of design knowledge to inform both design studies and design practice. Our intention is to present an understanding of anthropomorphic forms that can be used for the interpretation and critique of existing forms and provide guidance in the use of anthropomorphic forms in new products. Towards these ends we are interested in three fundamental questions; what are the kinds of anthropomorphic forms, how are anthropomorphic forms created, and how are anthropomorphic forms used. In this paper we …

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A Study Of Consumer Perception In Innovative Product., Rungtai Lin, Chia-Ling Chang, Yen-Yu Kang Nov 2004

A Study Of Consumer Perception In Innovative Product., Rungtai Lin, Chia-Ling Chang, Yen-Yu Kang

DRS Biennial Conference Series

With increasing global competition, innovative products are not merely desirable for a company; rather, they are mandatory. In today’s intensely competitive business climate, innovation becomes central in product development. To be successful, innovative products must have a clear, significant, point of difference that is related to a need in the market place. Furthermore, changes in consumer perception regarding innovation are also important in product design. The main purpose of this work is to study factors affecting designers’ and users’ perception in innovation; these factors are discussed in order to eliminate differences between designers’ and users’ perception of innovative products. Subjects …

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Comparing Human-Centered Design Methods From Different Disciplines: Contextual Design And Principles., Mark Notess, Eli Blevis Nov 2004

Comparing Human-Centered Design Methods From Different Disciplines: Contextual Design And Principles., Mark Notess, Eli Blevis

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The human-computer interaction (HCI) community has developed primarily among those trained in computer science and psychology. Design methodologies within HCI tend to address the needs and interests of those who have been trained in cognitive science, human factors, or software engineering. This paper illuminates the similarities, distinctions and opportunities existing between one of the better known HCI methodologies, Contextual Design, and an encapsulation of the oral tradition of studio-based design methods that we call PRInCiPleS. PRInCiPleS forms part of the curriculum in HCI design at the Indiana University School of Informatics. We present a case study wherein both methods were …

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Design How-To-Know: Towards A Domain-Specific Ontology., Frances Joseph Nov 2004

Design How-To-Know: Towards A Domain-Specific Ontology., Frances Joseph

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The title of this paper implies a repositioning of the notion of ‘design know how’ as tacit knowledge developed through practical experience into a questioning of the identity and being of design. This is not to valorise one form of knowing (through practice) over another (through cognition), but to imply a certain fuzziness about the definition, purpose and meaning of design. While this paper addresses issues of design, ontology and computation in relation to certain philosophical and theoretical positions, it is important to emphasise that my engagement comes from a practical involvement and concern with ‘design problems’ arising from the …

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Translating And Extending Gestalt Grouping Principles To Include Time To Establish A Research Framework In Which To Study Motion., Jinsook Kim, Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl Nov 2004

Translating And Extending Gestalt Grouping Principles To Include Time To Establish A Research Framework In Which To Study Motion., Jinsook Kim, Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper introduces the grouping principles of Gestalt in motion. The motion attributes of speed, direction and duration are embedded in two events: transformation, meaning the act of changing in appearance, and transposition, meaning the act of moving position in space. In extending Gestalt principles from 2D, the following investigations will be visually demonstrated. 1 What is “closeness” in time that can explain proximity in motion? 2 What is “likeness” in time that can explain similarity in motion? 3 What is “absence but presence” in time that can explain closure in motion? 4 What is “correspondence” in time that can …

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Intuitive Interaction With Complex Artefacts., Alethea Blackler, Vesna Popovic, Douglas Mahar Nov 2004

Intuitive Interaction With Complex Artefacts., Alethea Blackler, Vesna Popovic, Douglas Mahar

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper addresses the application of intuitive interaction to interface design. Intuition is based on experiential knowledge and people can only use intuitive processing if they have previous experience to draw on. Previous research has revealed that prior knowledge of features of a digital camera and a universal remote control allowed participants to use those features intuitively. An experiment was conducted to test various interfaces applied to the universal remote control. The interfaces were designed according to principles developed previously. Users were video recorded doing set tasks with one of the four remote control interfaces. The video data were later …

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A Cross-Cultural Study On Colour Emotion And Colour Harmony., Li-Chen Ou, Ming Ronnier Luo, Guihua Cui, Angela Wright, Andrée Woodcock, Monica Billger, Beata Stahre, Rafael Huertas, Alain Tremeau, Eric Dinet, Klaus Richter Nov 2004

A Cross-Cultural Study On Colour Emotion And Colour Harmony., Li-Chen Ou, Ming Ronnier Luo, Guihua Cui, Angela Wright, Andrée Woodcock, Monica Billger, Beata Stahre, Rafael Huertas, Alain Tremeau, Eric Dinet, Klaus Richter

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This study investigates: (a) the relationship between colour combinations and adjective combinations and (b) to verify the colour harmony theory developed by Angela Wright (called the Wright theory in this study). Two experiments were carried out with subjects from the following six countries: Britain, China, France, Germany, Spain, and Sweden. In Experiment 1, 100 adjectives and 32 colours were used as stimuli presented on a calibrated Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitor. All the colour stimuli were selected evenly from four colour groups, CG 1 to CG 4, which were defined according to the Wright theory, and so were the adjectives, …

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Design And Morals In The Globalized Context., Robert Nelson Nov 2004

Design And Morals In The Globalized Context., Robert Nelson

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper sets out to: • describe globalization in the context of product design, visual communication and multimedia; • describe the elements of design that matter in a moral sense and those that do not; • assess the vulnerability of design to pressure to become a promotional organ of global vanity; • explain the reluctance of authors to adopt a critical stance with regard to the vanity of many products; • identify the problems besetting design discourse, which cause it to be largely mute in the evaluation of design in the context of cultural life; and, • investigate the methodological …

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Design For Uncertainty., Dirk Pons Nov 2004

Design For Uncertainty., Dirk Pons

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The development of engineering systems, whether those systems be products, plant or services, is a complex activity. The systems themselves are becoming more rather than less complex. Partly this arises from the need to optimise multiple system attributes including function, cost, resource usage, and style, among others. Also, most significant engineering projects involve diverse activities (including design, risk assessment, decision making, construction, and ongoing operation), and these invariably require teams of people with different skills. In turn that diversity requires effective management and leadership. Furthermore, the addition of electronic functionality and active control systems adds functionality but also introduces complex …

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