Digital Commons Network^™

Written Language Skills Of Middle And High School Students In An Alternative Program, Zuhar Rende

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the written language skills of middle and high school students who were attending alternative programs in Southern California. The participants of this study were 114 students who were identified and served under Delinquency Prevention Program (DPP) and 83 students who were identified and served under Court Ordered Probation (COP). The Test of Written Language -3 (TOWL-3) (Hammill & Larsen, 1996) was administered to the participants in order to obtain written language measures. In addition, this study investigated whether any relationships exists between written language skills, academic measures and selected demographic characteristics of …

Cultural Hybridity And Visual Practice: Towards A Transformative-Repair Multicultural Pedagogy For Visual Arts Education, Kim Le

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This research project examines how transitional multiculturalism, cultural hybridity and transformative-repair are practiced by a professional artist-researcher and novice artists. Transitional multiculturalism and cultural hybridity are examined through a series of artworks by a Vietnamese-born artist-researcher. This series of artwork, which reflects 35 years of creating art in both Vietnamese and Australia, demonstrate a personal engagement with issues of cultural diversity, upbringing, and related aesthetic studies. The intention of this exhibition is to chart the characteristics of the artist's expression, which is culturally hybridised. This part of the study aims to identify those artistic conventions associated with specific visual traditions …

A Preferred Vision For Leading The Secondary School : A Reflective Essay, Chad David Wolf

Graduate Research Papers

As I reflected on past experiences in my life, I found myself in a position of leadership. Interestingly, one ofmy earliest leadership experiences happened around the age of ten. The neighborhood I grew up in had several families with children. It was natural back then for us to play outside most of our free time. As children, it was not unusual for us to have times when no one could make a decision on what we would do that day. On many occasions, I found myself being selected to make the decision for the group. My childhood years were the …

Nutritive Value Of Pastures In Kars District I. Botanical And Nutrient Composition At Different Stages Of Maturity, İsmai̇l Kaya, Ahmet Öncüer, Yücel Ünal, Sedat Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objectives of this study were to examine the botanical composition and determine the nutritive value of pastures in 9 different locations in Kars district with respect to stages of maturity. Samples were collected bi-weekly from 21 May to 30 July 1999. The Gramineae, Leguminoseae and other plant families constituted 64.2, 22.8 and 13.0% of the plant population, respectively. There was a variation in the nutrient composition of samples collected from different locations (P < 0.05). Average dry matter (DM) content was 28.8% and concentrations of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), ether extract (EE) and ash on a DM basis were 90.8, 15.3, 30.0, 57.6, 43.4, 2.0 and 9.2%, respectively. Stage of maturity altered nutrient composition (P < 0.5). Concentrations of OM, NFE and ash did not change, CP linearly decreased, and CF and NDF quadratically increased with advancing maturity. In conclusion, the Gramineae were the predominant flora of pastures in northeastern Turkey. Moreover, mathematical models developed to characterize changes in the nutrient composition of pastures with advancing maturity may help to improve current feeding strategies.

In Vitro And In Vivo Effects Of Serine And Threonine On Follicle Growth, Differentiation And Atresia, Hüseyi̇n Baki̇ Çi̇ftçi̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This work was designed to test the effect of serine and threonine on follicle growth, differentiation and atresia under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, follicles 90-120 µm in diameter, from 21-day old mice, were dissected mechanically and cultured individually for 7 days. Follicles were subjected to 4 different treatments. Follicles in medium without amino acids and gonadotrophins were assigned as control groups. Follicles in medium with PMSG and without amino acids constituted a positive control whereas the other treatments were test groups. Every 24 h follicle diameters were measured and the …

The Digital Person: Technology And Privacy In The Information Age, Daniel J. Solove

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This is the complete text of Daniel J. Solove's book, THE DIGITAL PERSON: TECHNOLOGY AND PRIVACY IN THE INFORMATION AGE (Full Text) (NYU Press 2004) explores the social, political, and legal implications of the collection and use of personal information in computer databases. In the Information Age, our lives are documented in digital dossiers maintained by hundreds (perhaps thousands) of businesses and government agencies. These dossiers are composed of bits of our personal information, which when assembled together begin to paint a portrait of our personalities. The dossiers are increasingly used to make decisions about our lives - whether we …

Internationally Protected Human Rights: Fact Or Fiction?, Paul J. Magnarella

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Theory and Reality in the International Protection of Human Rights by J. Shand Watson. Ardsley, New York: Transnational Publishers, 1999. 340pp.

and

The Mobilization of Shame: A World View of Human Rights by Robert F. Drinan, S.J. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001. 256pp.

Transparency And Participation In The World Trade Organization, Steve Charnovitz

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This paper discusses the challenge of improving transparency and participation in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Part I explores the development in international trade law of the norm for transparency and participation at the national level. The analysis begins with Immanuel Kant and traces the history of the issue in trade through the League of Nations and then to the postwar trading system culminating in the WTO. Part II describes the WTO's practices regarding openness and public participation, and then criticizes the current limitations. Part III proposes several new steps for the WTO to take to promote transparency and participation. …

An Analysis Of Pascal Lamy's Proposal On Collective Preferences, Steve Charnovitz

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

In September 2004, then-European Commissioner for Trade Pascal Lamy released his study on the political challenge of 'collective preferences' for the world trading system. Lamy defines 'collective preferences' as 'the end result of choices made by human communities that apply to the community as a whole'. The adoption of collective preferences by governments can complicate international trade when a good or service from an exporting country is not acceptable in an importing country. Collective preferences cause a problem for the WTO if the resulting measure violates WTO rules and yet the measure is too popular in the regulating country for …

Unitary Judicial Review, Bradford R. Clark

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Two hundred years have passed since the Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison, yet debate continues over the origins and legitimacy of judicial review. Although modern commentators generally accept judicial review with little or no reservation, some remain skeptical. One of the strongest and most sustained challenges comes from Larry Kramer, who has recently argued that the Founders did not authorize judicial review of the scope of federal powers under the original Constitution. At the same time, Kramer maintains that the Founders expected judicial review both to prevent states from undermining federal supremacy and to enforce individual rights. Such …

Brown And The Contemporary Brazilian Struggle Against Racial Inequality: Some Preliminary Comparative Thoughts, Robert J. Cottrol

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court's celebrated 1954 decision that ended segregation in the United States, did not end a caste based inequality among the races. One of the nations currently struggling with such a legacy of discrimination is Brazil. Brazil's path to overcome structural inequality has some interesting parallels and differences with the American experience.

Writings by Brazilian legal scholars such as Joaquim B. Barbosa Gomes and Hedio Silva Jr. had bolstered the thought that the American civil rights experience has lessons for Brazil. This experience, which was greatly shaped by Brown, contributed to the growth of …

A New Product For The State Corporation Law Market: Audit Committee Certifications, Lawrence A. Cunningham

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Audit committees of corporate boards of directors are central to corporate governance for many corporations. Their effectiveness in supervising financial managers and overseeing the financial reporting process is important to promote reliable financial statements. This centrality suggests that it is likewise important for investors and others to have a basis for justifiable confidence in audit committee effectiveness. At present, there is no such mechanism. This Article explains why, considers a way states can provide it and assesses as low the likelihood that states will do so. In the swirling corporate governance reforms led by SOX, the SEC, SROs and PCAOB, …

A Model Financial Statement Insurance Act, Lawrence A. Cunningham

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Building on companion work investigating the efficacy of financial statement insurance (FSI) as an alternative to traditional auditor liability (ssrn.com/abstract=554863), this Article presents the terms of a national enabling statute to implement this concept. The Model Financial Statement Insurance Act uses the architecture of the U.S. Trust Indenture Act of 1939. It authorizes issuer application for qualification, in connection with annual proxy statement filings, of policies of financial statement insurance. The Model FSI Act deems a series of provisions necessary to achieve securities law objectives to be part of all financial statement insurance policies so proposed, and requires insurers to …

Promoting Social And Economic Justice Through Interdisciplinary Work In Transactional Law, Susan R. Jones

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Drawing upon the author's experience with a law school Small Business Clinic, this article claims that business law transactional practice is inherently interdisciplinary, involving collaboration from various disciplines, including law, business, accounting, finance, engineering, computer science, and the social sciences. The author explores the need for legal assistance for entrepreneurs and other small businesses, especially for women and minority business owners, and discusses the recent rise in small business clinics and community economic development (CED) clinical programs, which the author attributes to a trend away from government entitlements and toward personal responsibility and economic self-sufficiency, the failure of the litigation …

Civic Renewal And The Regulation Of Non-Profits, Miriam Galston

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Civic Renewal and the Regulation of Non-profits analyzes four understandings of civic renewal, elaborated in the wake of Robert Putnam's book Bowling Alone, in light of the federal regulatory scheme imposed upon voluntary associations that qualify as "exempt organizations" under the Internal Revenue Code. These perspectives emphasize the primacy of one or more of the following as indispensable elements of civic health: (1) cooperation and effective collective action, (2) self-governance (3) equality and representative institutions, and (4) the moral character of the community or the public spiritedness of citizens. The study analyzes how the different assumptions and purposes of these …

Toward A Constitutional Regulation Of Minors' Access To Harmful Internet Speech, Dawn C. Nunziato

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

In this article, I scrutinize Congress's recent efforts to regulate access to sexually-themed Internet speech. The first such effort, embodied in the Communications Decency Act, failed to take into account the Supreme Court's carefully-honed obscenity and obscenity-for-minors jurisprudence. The second, embodied in the Child Online Protection Act, attended carefully to Supreme Court precedent, but failed to account for the geographic variability in definitions of obscene speech. Finally, the recently-enacted Children's Internet Protection Act apparently remedies the constitutional deficiencies identified in these two prior legislative efforts, but runs the risk of being implemented in a manner that fails to protect either …

Restraint And Responsibility: Judicial Review Of Campaign Reform, Spencer A. Overton

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

The First Amendment doctrine governing campaign finance law allows judicial outcomes to turn on often unstated political assumptions about the appropriate role of money in campaigns. As illustrated by the conflicting opinions of different U.S. Supreme Court Justices in McConnell v. FEC, current narrow tailoring and substantial overbreadth tests provide inadequate guidance and compel judges to rely on their own political assumptions in balancing the need for regulation against the right of free speech. Judges skeptical of campaign reform err on the side of protecting speech, while judges supportive of reform lean toward tolerating regulations said to prevent corruption. To …

Environmental Regulation, Energy, And Market Entry, Richard J. Pierce Jr

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

As my contribution to a symposium, I was asked to identify and to discuss conflicts between environmental regulation and pursuit of the goals of national energy policy. I identify three contexts in which I see clear conflicts between environmental regulation and energy policy - gasoline production, importation of liquefied natural gas, and transmission of electricity. In each case, I conclude that the conflict is attributable to state and local regulations. In the case of the gasoline market, I conclude that the market is beginning to perform poorly because of a combination of state land use regulations that make it impossible …

The Tyranny Of Time: Vulnerable Children, Bad Mothers, And Statutory Deadlines In Parental Termination Proceedings, Catherine J. Ross

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This paper explores issues raised by the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) and contends that the Act may have unwittingly harmed some children and mothers by creating a categorical imperative that a child's health and safety must be a paramount consideration in child welfare decisions. After discussing the reforms made by the Act, this paper analyzes hard cases, in particular cases involving substance abusing mothers and battered mothers, and concludes that in some instances children's interests in these cases might be better served by a flexible standard where the child asserts a claim to a continued relationship …

Political Questions And Political Remedies, Jonathan R. Siegel

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Defenders of the political question doctrine sometimes observe that the lack of a judicial remedy for a constitutional violation does not deprive injured parties of all remedy, because injured parties can pursue a political or an electoral remedy - they can seek relief at the ballot box or in the political process. This essay criticizes that argument. Political and electoral remedies for constitutional violations are ineffective for important practical and theoretical reasons that grow out of the different structures of the judicial, political, and electoral processes. The judicial process focuses each case on a particular issue; candidates in elections always …

The Occ's Preemption Rules Exceed The Agency's Authority And Present A Serious Threat To The Dual Banking System And Consumer Protection, Arthur E. Wilmarth Jr.

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

In January 2004, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) issued new regulations that are intended to preempt a broad range of state laws from applying to national banks and their operating subsidiaries. The OCC's rules declare that state laws are preempted if they obstruct, impair, or condition a national bank's ability to fully exercise its federally-authorized powers, either directly or through operating subsidiaries. According to the OCC, state laws apply to national banks only to the extent that state laws provide the legal infrastructure that makes it practicable for national banks to do business. The OCC's new …

Both Sidesof The Coin: A Decade Of Parallel Proceedings And Enforcement Of Foreign Judgments In Transnational Litigation, Louise Ellen Teitz

Roger Williams University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Competitive Sourcing Policy: More Sail Than Rudder, Steven L. Schooner

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This essay predicts that the Bush administration's competitive sourcing initiative will fail. Granted, the number of government employees will continue to shrink, while the number of contractor personnel serving the Government will methodically increase. But the Government's unwillingness to appreciate the policy's costs leads to the corresponding failure to identify, obtain, and invest appropriate resources needed to properly effectuate the policy. The Government simply lacks sufficient qualified acquisition, contract management, and quality control personnel to handle the outsourcing burden. Because the Government is ill-positioned to successfully out-source in a manner that generates higher quality services, lower prices, greater efficiency, or, …

Sources Of Federalism: An Empirical Analysis Of The Court's Quest For Original Meaning, Peter J. Smith

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Although a debate continues to rage in the academy and on the Court about the propriety of originalism as a methodology of constitutional interpretation, in federalism cases both the majority and the dissent on the current Court appear to have embraced the approach. Yet their agreement ends there; the Court has consistently divided 5-4 in federalism cases. What explains the disagreement among Justices who appear to agree that the original understanding of the Constitution is also its current meaning? This article presents the results of a study of citation patterns in federalism cases since 1970. The study demonstrates that the …

Transgovernmental Networks Vs. Democracy: The Case Of The European Information Privacy Network, Francesca Bignami

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Under the European Data Protection Directive, responsibility for implementation and enforcement is generally left to the member states. The exception is for transfers to third countries: a complex network of national regulators, the European Commission, and a transnational comitology committee are responsible for blocking or permitting transfers to countries without adequate privacy guarantees. This article reviews the operation of the network and then poses two questions, one causal and the other normative. First, what explains the pattern of delegation (and non-delegation) of powers to the network? Second, does the network allow for adequate participation rights and judicial review and for …

Beyond Retribution And Impunity: Responding To War Crimes Of Sexual Violence, Naomi R. Cahn

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Beyond Retribution and Impunity: Responding to War Crimes of Sexual Violence articulates principles for an approach to gender-based violence during conflict and post-conflict that operates within three different meanings of justice: criminal/civil justice, restorative justice, and what I define as social services justice. The article argues that responses to sexual violence must integrate legal and nonlegal, national, international, and local approaches, and must respond to both short and longer-term needs. It focuses on victims of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during what has been called the First World War in Africa, which occurred from 1996-2003.

Joseph …

Implementation Of Literature Circles, Dawn Lewis

Graduate Research Papers

Literature circles are a current and effective technique requiring a group of students to read the same text and then meet to discuss their thoughts on what they read. The purpose of the project is to explain to teachers the components of literature circles and the benefits they have for students. The project will look specifically at what both the student and teachers roles' should be throughout the implementation. It will also inform teachers of different ways to incorporate literature circles into their own classroom.

Exploring Children’S Rights In The World Of Work, Jean N. Scandlyn

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Children of Other Worlds: Exploitation in the Global Market by Jeremy Seabrook. London: Pluto, 2001. 166pp.

Internet Dwelling, Cyborgs, And The Matrix Of Modernity: An Empirical Inquiry With Critical-Hermeneutic Features, Andrew Felder

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Amidst modernity's expanding electronic social matrix, this cultural-historical inquiry explores the technological construction of human being (e.g., cyborgs) and sociality in the America Online cyberscape. A two-tiered critical-hermeneutic method enables exploration of the broad rationalizing historical narrative and the localized play of virtual discursive practices impacting human meaning construction, selfhood, and social practice. A third and fourth tier of inquiry occasions integration of "psychological" meanings found in research participant experiential descriptions and interviews. This four-tier interplay reveals a bodily ethic enabling participants to modify subjectifying Internet practices toward meaningful social ends. Otherwise, eclipsed interpretive bodily powers contribute to "undecidability" about …

Aicpa Professional Standards: Code Of Professional Conduct And Bylaws As Of June 1, 2004, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants

AICPA Professional Standards

No abstract provided.