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2004

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Why Be Nice? Psychological Constraints On The Evolution Of Cooperation, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Marc D. Hauser Jan 2004

Why Be Nice? Psychological Constraints On The Evolution Of Cooperation, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Marc D. Hauser

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Animals often aid others without gaining any immediate benefits. Although these acts seem to reduce the donor’s fitness, they are only apparently altruistic. Donors typically help because they or their kin receive future benefits or avoid costly punishment. Reciprocal altruism— alternating the roles of donor and recipient—has been a well-studied form of cooperation among non-kin because of its intuitive appeal in explaining human cooperation. Despite immense theoretical interest, little empirical evidence substantiates the biological importance of reciprocal altruism in non-human animals. We propose that this is because psychological mechanisms constrain its application in cooperative contexts. In particular, we contend that …

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Caregiving Through A Relationship Lens In Reggio Emilia And A Lab School In Canada, Carolyn P. Edwards, Alex Dougherty Jan 2004

Caregiving Through A Relationship Lens In Reggio Emilia And A Lab School In Canada, Carolyn P. Edwards, Alex Dougherty

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In recent years developmental scientists have described the tasks of relationship-building that contribute to early development: security and attachment, self-recognition and validation, mutuality and companionship, passionate experience, identification and group belonging, and giving care to others. Relationship-building begins within the family, then, in extending it outside the family, early education can play a key role. This selection contains two parts. The first piece describes the kinds of benefits these widening relationships can provide for very young children and outlines some specific steps that educators in Reggio Emilia, Italy, have taken to ensure the best, most "amiable" environments. The second piece, …

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High Resolution Paleoceanography Of The Guaymas Basin, Gulf Of California, During The Past 15 000 Years, John A. Barron, David Bukry, James L. Bischoff Jan 2004

High Resolution Paleoceanography Of The Guaymas Basin, Gulf Of California, During The Past 15 000 Years, John A. Barron, David Bukry, James L. Bischoff

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 480 (27°54.10’N, 111°39.34’W; 655 m water depth) contains a high resolution record of paleoceanographic change of the past 15 000 years for the Guaymas Basin, a region of very high diatom productivity within the central Gulf of California. Analyses of diatoms and silicoflagellates were completed on samples spaced every 40-50 yr, whereas ICP-AES geochemical analyses were completed on alternate samples (sample spacing 80-100 yr). The Bolling-Allerod interval (14.6-12.9 ka) (note, ka refers to 1000 calendar years BP throughout this report) is characterized by an increase in biogenic silica and a decline in calcium carbonate relative …

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The History Of Recent Limnological Changes And Human Impact On Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, J. Platt Bradbury, Steven M. Colman, Richard L. Reynolds Jan 2004

The History Of Recent Limnological Changes And Human Impact On Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, J. Platt Bradbury, Steven M. Colman, Richard L. Reynolds

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Hypereutrophic Upper Klamath Lake has been studied for almost 50 years to evaluate the nature, cause, and effects of its very productive waters. Mitigation of undesirable effects of massive cyanobacterial blooms requires understanding their modern causes as well as their history. Knowledge of the pre-settlement natural limnology of this system can provide guidelines for lake restoration and management of land and water use strategies to maximize the benefits of this aquatic resource. This investigation uses a paleolimnological approach to document the nature and chronology of limnological and biological changes in Upper Klamath Lake for the past 200 years, covering the …

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Geochemical Cycles In Sediments Deposited On The Slopes Of The Guaymas And Carmen Basins Of The Gulf Of California Over The Last 180 Years, Walter E. Dean, Carol Prideb, Robert Thunell Jan 2004

Geochemical Cycles In Sediments Deposited On The Slopes Of The Guaymas And Carmen Basins Of The Gulf Of California Over The Last 180 Years, Walter E. Dean, Carol Prideb, Robert Thunell

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Sediments deposited on the slopes of the Guaymas and Carmen Basins in the central Gulf of California were recovered in two box cores. Q-mode factor analyses identified detrital-clastic, carbonate, and redox associations in the elemental composition of these sediments. The detrital-clastic fraction appears to contain two source components, a more mafic component presumably derived from the Sierra Madre Occidental along the west coast of Mexico, and a more felsic component most likely derived from sedimentary rocks (mostly sandstones) of the Colorado Plateau and delivered by the Colorado River. The sediments also contain significant siliceous biogenic components and minor calcareous biogenic …

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Genetic Identification Of Spotted Owls, Barred Owls, And Their Hybrids: Legal Implications Of Hybrid Identity, Susan M. Haig, Thomas D. Mullins, Eric D. Forsman, Pepper W. Trail, Liv Wennerberg Jan 2004

Genetic Identification Of Spotted Owls, Barred Owls, And Their Hybrids: Legal Implications Of Hybrid Identity, Susan M. Haig, Thomas D. Mullins, Eric D. Forsman, Pepper W. Trail, Liv Wennerberg

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Recent population expansion of Barred Owls (Strix varia) into western North America has led to concern that they may compete with and further harm the Northern Spotted Owl (S. occidentalis caurina), which is already listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Because they hybridize, there is a legal need under the ESA for forensic identification of both species and their hybrids. We used mitochondrial control-region DNA and amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses to assess maternal and biparental gene flow in this hybridization process. Mitochondrial DNA sequences (524 base pairs) indicated large divergence between …

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Use Of Radar Remote Sensing (Radarsat) To Map Winter Wetland Habitat For Shorebirds In An Agricultural Landscape, Oriane W. Taft, Susan M. Haig, Chris Kiilsgaard Jan 2004

Use Of Radar Remote Sensing (Radarsat) To Map Winter Wetland Habitat For Shorebirds In An Agricultural Landscape, Oriane W. Taft, Susan M. Haig, Chris Kiilsgaard

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Many of today’s agricultural landscapes once held vast amounts of wetland habitat for waterbirds and other wildlife. Successful restoration of these landscapes relies on access to accurate maps of the wetlands that remain. We used C-band (5.6-cm-wavelength), HH-polarized radar remote sensing (RADARSAT) at a 38° incidence angle (8-m resolution) to map the distribution of winter shorebird (Charadriiformes) habitat on agricultural lands in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. We acquired imagery on three dates (10 December 1999, 27 January 2000, and 15 March 2000) and simultaneously collected ground reference data to classify radar signatures and evaluate map accuracy …

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Distribution And Abundance Of The Mariana Subspecies Of The Common Moorhen, Leilani L. Takano, Susan M. Haig Jan 2004

Distribution And Abundance Of The Mariana Subspecies Of The Common Moorhen, Leilani L. Takano, Susan M. Haig

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Island-wide surveys for the endangered Mariana subspecies of the Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus guami) were conducted on Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands from May through September 2001. Based on these counts, the total adult moorhen population is estimated to be 287, with 154, 41, 2, and 90 adult moorhens on Saipan, Tinian, Rota, and Guam, respectively. Results suggest an overall increase in birds on Saipan and Tinian, although moorhen numbers on Guam may be declining. High counts of moorhens on Lake Hagoi, Tinian, during the wet season suggested movement from Saipan to Tinian occurs …

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Thermal Characteristics Of Wild And Captive Micronesian Kingfisher Nesting Habitats, Dylan C. Kesler, Susan M. Haig Jan 2004

Thermal Characteristics Of Wild And Captive Micronesian Kingfisher Nesting Habitats, Dylan C. Kesler, Susan M. Haig

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

To provide information for managing the captive population of endangered Guam Micronesian kingfishers (Halcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina), four biologically relevant thermal metrics were compared among captive facilities on the United States mainland and habitats used by wild Micronesian kingfishers on the island of Pohnpei (H. c. reichenbachii), Federated States of Micronesia. Additionally, aviaries where kingfishers laid eggs were compared to those in which birds did not attempt to breed. Compared to aviaries, habitats used by wild Pohnpei kingfishers had 3.2°C higher daily maximum and minimum temperatures and the proportion of time when temperatures were in the birds’ …

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Concentrations Of Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Selenium, And Zinc In Fish From The Mississippi River Basin, 1995, Christopher J. Schmitt Jan 2004

Concentrations Of Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Selenium, And Zinc In Fish From The Mississippi River Basin, 1995, Christopher J. Schmitt

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Fish were collected in late 1995 from 34 National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP) stations and 12 National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) stations in the Mississippi River basin (MRB), and in late 1996 from a reference site in West Virginia. The NCBP sites represented key points (dams, tributaries, etc.) in the largest rivers of the MRB. The NAWQA sites were typically on smaller rivers and were selected to represent dominant land uses in their watersheds. The West Virginia site, which is in an Eastern U.S. watershed adjacent to the MRB, was selected to document elemental concentrations in fish used for …

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Moving Ahead In Lean Times: Nebraska Ag Relations Council, John Owens Jan 2004

Moving Ahead In Lean Times: Nebraska Ag Relations Council, John Owens

John Owens: Speeches and Appearances

One day a rancher's prize bull was missing from the section of his land the railroad passed through. He filed suit against the railroad, wanting only to be paid a fair-price of the bull. A big-city lawyer arrived in the rancher's small town to represent the railroad in the case and quickly cornered the rancher, pressuring him to settle out of court.

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Agriculture Builders Of Nebraska, Inc., John Owens Jan 2004

Agriculture Builders Of Nebraska, Inc., John Owens

John Owens: Speeches and Appearances

What a pleasure it is to be with you here this morning! And How startling it is to realize a whole year has passed since we last gathered at this meeting. So much has occurred in that year.

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Splinter Dedication, John Owens Jan 2004

Splinter Dedication, John Owens

John Owens: Speeches and Appearances

This man who grew up on an irrigated farm near North Platte was inducted into the National Academy of Engineering in 1984 for invention and development of aerial-spray systems and harvesting systems, the only Nebraskan elected to that esteemed academy. Six patents are based on his research.

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Cardicola Forsteri (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) From The Heart Of A Northern Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus Thynnus (Scombridae), In The Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Stephen A. Bullard, Robert J. Goldstein, Robert H. Goodwin Iii, Robin M. Overstreet Jan 2004

Cardicola Forsteri (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) From The Heart Of A Northern Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus Thynnus (Scombridae), In The Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Stephen A. Bullard, Robert J. Goldstein, Robert H. Goodwin Iii, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

We report a specimen of Cardicola forsteri Cribb, Daintith, and Munday, 2000 (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from the lumen of the heart of a northern bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Scombridae), that was 218 cm in total length (TL) and caught in the northwest Atlantic Ocean 12 km south of Cape Lookout, North Carolina. The hearts of 12 similarly sized northern bluefin tuna (127–262 cm TL) from George’s Bank, northwest Atlantic Ocean, were not infected. This is the first report of C. forsteri from a wild host and of a sanguinicolid from any scombrid in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Bluefin tuna …

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Defeating Diplostomoid Dangers In Usa Catfish Aquaculture, Robin M. Overstreet, Stephen S. Curran Jan 2004

Defeating Diplostomoid Dangers In Usa Catfish Aquaculture, Robin M. Overstreet, Stephen S. Curran

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Diplostomoid digenean metacercariae have caused widescale mortalities of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), at aquaculture farms in Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas, USA. Originally, based on a tentative diagnosis, the industry considered the primary harmful agent to be an introduced species from Europe, Bolbophorus confusus (Krause, 1914), frequently reported from the American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin. Our group has now shown, using ITS 1-2 plus three more-conservative gene fragments, that two sympatric species of Bolbophorus exist in the American white pelican. One, B. damnificus Overstreet et Curran, 2002, infects the musculature of catfish, and the other, probably not B. confusus …

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Comparison Of Three Methods Of Size Grading Channel Catfish Stockers, Bartholomew W. Green, David L. Heikes, Andrew E. Goodwin Jan 2004

Comparison Of Three Methods Of Size Grading Channel Catfish Stockers, Bartholomew W. Green, David L. Heikes, Andrew E. Goodwin

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The stocking of size-graded catfish into production ponds should increase production efficiency, but grading large numbers of fish with existing technology is laborious. We evaluated the effectiveness of a mechanical grader recently developed at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB) relative to that of box and sock graders and assessed injuries sustained by stocker channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus during grading. Three 0.25-acre ponds were stocked at 11,777 lb/acre. Initial total length (TL) ranged from 6.3 to 15.7 in, and initial weight of individuals ranged from 0.04 to 1.10 lb. The fish population in each pond was divided into …

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Aminoacyl-Trnas: Setting The Limits Of The Genetic Code, Michael Ibba, Dieter Söll Jan 2004

Aminoacyl-Trnas: Setting The Limits Of The Genetic Code, Michael Ibba, Dieter Söll

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) are simple molecules with a single purpose—to serve as substrates for translation. They consist of mature tRNAs to which an amino acid has been esterified at the 3′-end. The 20 different types of aa-tRNA are made by the 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs, of which there are two classes), one for each amino acid of the genetic code (Ibba and Söll 2000). This would be fine if it were not for the fact that such a straightforward textbook scenario is not true in a single known living organism. aa-tRNAs lie at the heart of gene expression; they interpret …

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2004-2005 Lindenwood University Graduate Course Catalog, Lindenwood University Jan 2004

2004-2005 Lindenwood University Graduate Course Catalog, Lindenwood University

Course Catalogs

Lindenwood University Graduate Course Catalog

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2004-2005 Lindenwood University Undergraduate Course Catalog, Lindenwood University Jan 2004

2004-2005 Lindenwood University Undergraduate Course Catalog, Lindenwood University

Course Catalogs

Lindenwood University Undergraduate Course Catalog

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Critical Thinking And Web-Based Education In Maryland Community Colleges: How The Medium Promotes Development., George E. Perry Jan 2004

Critical Thinking And Web-Based Education In Maryland Community Colleges: How The Medium Promotes Development., George E. Perry

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Surveys have found that employers want today's community college graduates to be able to work in teams, make decisions, and critically assess job situations. In short they want the students to think critically. Due to the changing demographics, web-based education has become a larger part of college curriculum in the past several years. This research project explored critical thinking in web-based courses offered at Maryland community colleges to determine what courses were being offered by the different academic disciplines, the methods used to promote critical thinking, and the types of critical thinking assessment used in these web-based courses. The content …

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Rites Of Passing: Foucault, Power, And Same-Sex Commitment Ceremonies, Ladelle Mcwhorter Jan 2004

Rites Of Passing: Foucault, Power, And Same-Sex Commitment Ceremonies, Ladelle Mcwhorter

Philosophy Faculty Publications

According to Catherine Bell, "The popular contention that ritual and religion decline in proportion to modernization has been something of a sociological truism since the mid-19th century". Conventional wisdom maintains that ritual practices just don't hold central importance in the lives of those raised in the industrialized world as compared with the importance such things had for our distant ancestors or for our contemporaries in non-industrial societies. Some have contended that this is because ritual tends to be strongly correlated with pre-scientific cosmological beliefs that our society has for the most part outgrown. But for whatever reason, " [c]omparatively speaking," …

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Index, Florida Public Health Oral History Project, Charlton E. Prather Jan 2004

Index, Florida Public Health Oral History Project, Charlton E. Prather

Florida Public Health Oral History Project

This index provides a summary of each interview conducted by Dr. Charles "Skeeter" Prather for the Florida Public Health Oral History Project.

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Carbon Dioxide Dynamics During A Growing Season In Midwestern Cropping Systems, J. H. Prueger, J. L. Hatfield, T. B. Parkin, W.P. Kustas, T. C. Kaspar Jan 2004

Carbon Dioxide Dynamics During A Growing Season In Midwestern Cropping Systems, J. H. Prueger, J. L. Hatfield, T. B. Parkin, W.P. Kustas, T. C. Kaspar

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Daily and seasonal CO2-exchange dynamics between the boundary layer and biosphere is important to understanding Net Ecosystem Exchange of terrestrial ecosystems. Spatial and temporal variations of CO2 fluxes across midwestern cropping systems have not been well documented. This study was designed to monitor and evaluate spatial and temporal dynamics of CO2 exchange across a watershed region for typical production fields of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the Midwest by quantifying the above-canopy, within-canopy, and soil components of C balance for this cropping system. An energy-balance approach using eddy …

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Water Quality And The Grazing Animal, R. K. Hubbard, G. L. Newton, G. M. Hill Jan 2004

Water Quality And The Grazing Animal, R. K. Hubbard, G. L. Newton, G. M. Hill

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Grazing animals and pasture production can affect water quality both positively and negatively. Good management practices for forage production protect the soil surface from erosion compared with conventionally produced crops. Grazing animals and pasture production can negatively affect water quality through erosion and sediment transport into surface waters, through nutrients from urine and feces dropped by the animals and fertility practices associated with production of high-quality pasture, and through pathogens from the wastes. Erosion and sediment transport is primarily associated with high-density stocking and/ or poor forage stands. The two nutrients of primary concern relating to animal production are N …

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Evaluation Of Adapted Wheat Cultivars For Tolerance To Pythium Root Rot, R. W. Higginbotham, T. C. Paulitz, K. A. Garland-Campbell, K. K. Kidwell Jan 2004

Evaluation Of Adapted Wheat Cultivars For Tolerance To Pythium Root Rot, R. W. Higginbotham, T. C. Paulitz, K. A. Garland-Campbell, K. K. Kidwell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Genetic resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) against Pythium species would be an efficient means of control of this major root fungal pathogen, but so far no source has been identified. In addition, no long-term, sustainable options for controlling Pythium root rot are available; therefore, identifying and then incorporating genetic resistance into wheat cultivars would create an ideal method of control for this disease. The objective of this study was to examine the level of tolerance to Pythium root rot among a diverse set of wheat germ plasm collected from all major wheat production regions in the United States.

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Betaine Improves Growth, But Does Not Induce Whole Body Or Hepatic Palmitate Oxidation In Swine (Sus Scrofa Domestica), Diane Wray-Cahen, Ignacio Fernández-Fígares, Erkki Virtanen, Norman C. Steele, Thomas J. Caperna Jan 2004

Betaine Improves Growth, But Does Not Induce Whole Body Or Hepatic Palmitate Oxidation In Swine (Sus Scrofa Domestica), Diane Wray-Cahen, Ignacio Fernández-Fígares, Erkki Virtanen, Norman C. Steele, Thomas J. Caperna

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Dietary betaine may reduce carcass fat in growing pigs. We explored the effects of betaine on short-term growth and in vivo and in vitro fatty acid oxidation. Pigs were housed in metabolism crates and fed diets containing either 0% (control), 0.125% or 0.5% betaine at 80% of ad libitum energy intake. Fatty acid oxidation was measured during intravenous infusions of 1-13C-palmitate and in hepatocytes incubated in the presence or absence of betaine and carnitine. CO2 and palmitate isotopic enrichments were determined by mass spectrometry. Pigs consuming 0.125% and 0.5% betaine for at least 9 days had growth …

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A Paradigm Shift: Biomimicry. (Cover Story), Philip A. Reed Jan 2004

A Paradigm Shift: Biomimicry. (Cover Story), Philip A. Reed

STEMPS Faculty Publications

Biomimicry is a new way of linking the human-made world to the natural world. Biomimicry is already having a tremendous impact on the way we design technological products and systems as of December 2003. The word biomimicry comes from Greek words bios and mimesis. In short, biomimics imitate nature. We now have the capability, however, to not only imitate products of nature but also nature's materials and processes. During the seventeenth century, the relationship between humans and the natural world changed in several ways. Scientists of various disciplines are working with engineers, designers, and other researchers in an interdisciplinary manner …

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Soil Quality: A Review Of The Science And Experiences In The Usa, Brian J. Wienhold, S.S. Andrews, D. L. Karlen Jan 2004

Soil Quality: A Review Of The Science And Experiences In The Usa, Brian J. Wienhold, S.S. Andrews, D. L. Karlen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

An increasing human population is placing greater demand on soil resources, and as a result degradation is taking place in many regions of the world. This is critical because soils perform a number of essential processes including supporting food and fiber production, influencing air quality through interaction with the atmosphere, and serving as a medium for storage and purification of water. The soil quality concept was introduced to complement soil science research by making our understanding of soils more complete and helping guide the use and allocation of labor, energy, fiscal, and other inputs as agriculture intensifies and expands to …

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Crop And Soil Productivity Response To Corn Residue Removal: A Literature Review, W. W. Wilhelm, J. M. F. Johnson, J. L. Hatfield, W. B. Voorhees, D. R. Linden Jan 2004

Crop And Soil Productivity Response To Corn Residue Removal: A Literature Review, W. W. Wilhelm, J. M. F. Johnson, J. L. Hatfield, W. B. Voorhees, D. R. Linden

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Society is facing three related issues: overreliance on imported fuel, increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and producing sufficient food for a growing world population. The U.S. Department of Energy and private enterprise are developing technology necessary to use high-cellulose feedstock, such as crop residues, for ethanol production. Corn (Zea mays L.) residue can provide about 1.7 times more C than barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residues based on …

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Simulating Nitrate Drainage Losses From A Walnut Creek Watershed Field, A. Bakhsh, J. L. Hatfield, R. S. Kanwar, L. Ma, L. R. Ahuja Jan 2004

Simulating Nitrate Drainage Losses From A Walnut Creek Watershed Field, A. Bakhsh, J. L. Hatfield, R. S. Kanwar, L. Ma, L. R. Ahuja

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This study was designed to evaluate the improved version of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) using 6 yr (1992–1997) of field-measured data from a field within Walnut Creek watershed located in central Iowa. Measured data included subsurface drainage flows, NO3–N concentrations and loads in subsurface drainage water, and corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields. The dominant soil within this field was Webster (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls) and cropping system was corn–soybean rotation. The model was calibrated with 1992 data and was validated with 1993 to 1997 data. …

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