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Articles 2491 - 2520 of 2827
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Evaluation Of Community Education Interventions In Sexual And Reproductive Health Services In Urban-Marginal Areas Of La Paz, Bolivia, Maria Dolores Castro Mantilla, Mariel Loayza Antezana
Evaluation Of Community Education Interventions In Sexual And Reproductive Health Services In Urban-Marginal Areas Of La Paz, Bolivia, Maria Dolores Castro Mantilla, Mariel Loayza Antezana
Reproductive Health
The purpose of this study was to strengthen community strategies to improve quality-of-care services first implemented as part of a Bolivian Ministry of Health and Prevention and World Health Organization (WHO) project in 1997–98. To reach groups that do not regularly attend health facilities and improve community demand for services, the Centro de Información y Desarrollo de la Mujer (Center for Information and Development of Women) implemented a community education intervention focusing on sexual and reproductive health and rights targeting adolescents, men, and women with older or no children. Results showed that the interventions improved access to and utilization of …
Integrating Adolescent Livelihood Activities Within A Reproductive Health Program For Urban Slum Dwellers In India, Dale Huntington, Mary Philip Sebastian, Barbara Mensch, Wesley H. Clark, Aditya Narain Singh, Sohini Roychowdhury, M.E. Khan, Nirmala Selvam, Bella C. Patel, Sandhya Barge, Y.P. Gupta, Lovleen Johri, Gita Biswas, Manohar Shenoy
Integrating Adolescent Livelihood Activities Within A Reproductive Health Program For Urban Slum Dwellers In India, Dale Huntington, Mary Philip Sebastian, Barbara Mensch, Wesley H. Clark, Aditya Narain Singh, Sohini Roychowdhury, M.E. Khan, Nirmala Selvam, Bella C. Patel, Sandhya Barge, Y.P. Gupta, Lovleen Johri, Gita Biswas, Manohar Shenoy
Reproductive Health
The Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) program and Policy Research Division, in collaboration with CARE India, conducted an operations research study in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh to examine the feasibility and impact of adding livelihood counseling and training, savings formation activities, and follow-up support to an ongoing reproductive health program for adolescents. The short-term objective of the study was to foster development of alternative socialization processes for adolescent girls that encourage positive sexual and reproductive health behaviors. The study also aimed to produce a replicable model for CARE and other agencies to use in adding livelihood activities to adolescent …
Promotion Of Lactation Amenorrhea Method Intervention Trial, Kazakhstan, Shamil Tazhibayev, Toregeldy Sharmanov, Ayan Ergalieva, Oksana Dolmatova, Orynkul Mukasheva, Aina Seidakhmetova, Raikhan Kushenova
Promotion Of Lactation Amenorrhea Method Intervention Trial, Kazakhstan, Shamil Tazhibayev, Toregeldy Sharmanov, Ayan Ergalieva, Oksana Dolmatova, Orynkul Mukasheva, Aina Seidakhmetova, Raikhan Kushenova
Reproductive Health
In order to expand the benefits of breastfeeding as a birth spacing option for women in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kazakh Academy of Nutrition at the Academy of Preventive Medicine in Almaty conducted an operations research study to test the effectiveness of lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) promotion among women in Kazakhstan, as part of the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health Small Grants Program. Results show that the intervention programs implemented in experimental baby-friendly hospitals (BFHs) and ordinary hospitals (OHs) improved women’s knowledge, skills, and desire to breastfeed The report concludes that training activities should be strengthened and all …
Improving Health Care Providers' Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices In Reproductive Health In Rural Romania, Elaine Claire Himelfarb
Improving Health Care Providers' Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices In Reproductive Health In Rural Romania, Elaine Claire Himelfarb
Reproductive Health
To support new health reform initiatives undertaken by the Romanian Ministry of Health and Family, and in support of the USAID Romania strategy for improving women’s reproductive health, Project Concern International/Romania (PCI/R) was awarded a two-year grant to implement a reproductive healthcare project, Healthy Parents-Healthy Children (HP-HC). This project trained family physicians and nurses in rural dispensaries in techniques to improve pre- and postnatal care, including training on modern contraception, cervical and breast cancer screening, treating menopause and its symptoms, and the encouragement of healthy lifestyles. The goal of this OR project was to test the efficacy of interventions to …
Autonomy And Rehabilitation, Mohammed A. Saadah, Loai M. Saadah
Autonomy And Rehabilitation, Mohammed A. Saadah, Loai M. Saadah
Neurosciences
In minority world countries, autonomy is central to client focused rehabilitation, as it represents a prerequisite for effective participation in the process of rehabilitation. The diverse and dynamic paradoxes within the “autonomy paradigm” will ensure its safe application and survival in such communities. However, the strong family relationships and different cultural backgrounds of majority world countries motivate us to conclude that a “patient-family interactive deliberative process” based on accommodation and negotiation is more acceptable, reliable and implementable in these communities. Our suggested model of decision making is more convenient, particularly in cases where competency is compromised by cognitive dysfunction, political …
Effects Of Breakfast On Memory In Healthy Young Adults, Seyed M. Jazayeri, Reza Amani, Nahid K. Mougahi
Effects Of Breakfast On Memory In Healthy Young Adults, Seyed M. Jazayeri, Reza Amani, Nahid K. Mougahi
Neurosciences
No abstract provided.
Body Image And Attitudes Toward Obesity In College Students, Sarah Rebecca Goodwin
Body Image And Attitudes Toward Obesity In College Students, Sarah Rebecca Goodwin
Theses and Dissertations
The current study was conducted in order to examine the impact of ethnicity on gender differences in body type preferences and perceptions and add to the literature examining racial differences in body type preferences and perceptions. The current study was an expansion of one by Gipson et al conducted at a historically Black university in 2004, in which responses and BMI measurements of 191 college students were examined for associations between BMI and gender, and body image and attitudes toward obesity. For the current study the sample of 176 college students enrolled at Virginia Commonwealth University, an ethnically diverse institution, …
The Association Between Periodontal Disease And C-Reactive Protein In Patients With A History Of Heart Attack, Robert Lee Fletcher Iii
The Association Between Periodontal Disease And C-Reactive Protein In Patients With A History Of Heart Attack, Robert Lee Fletcher Iii
Theses and Dissertations
The patient population consisted of a maximum of 18,570 subjects who completed the NHANES III questionnaire and examination from 1988 - 1994. The physical examination included such things as body mass index and serum samples, social and medical history. The periodontal examination recorded probing depth, attachment loss and gingival bleeding. Serum samples were analyzed for CRP levels, cholesterol levels etc. Demographic, cardiovascular and oral health variables were compared in subjects with a history of heart attack. Result showed that history of heart attack is associated with increased odds ratio for elevated CRP, diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol, male gender, non-white race and …
Determinants Of Prenatal Care And Supplement Use: The Case Of Honduras, Catherine E. Henze
Determinants Of Prenatal Care And Supplement Use: The Case Of Honduras, Catherine E. Henze
Theses and Dissertations
Context: Literature suggests that prenatal care and prenatal supplement use improves pregnancy outcomes. However, we do not know the factors associated with prenatal care and supplement use in Honduras.Objective: To identify characteristics of Honduran women who are the least and most likely to use prenatal care and supplements.Methods: Data from a 2001 Honduras cross-sectional survey of women was used to assess their use of prenatal care and supplements. All data was weighted, resulting in a sample size of n = 5647 women who had a live birth since January 1996. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine factors associated …
A Comparative Study Of Sports Orientated And Non-Sports Orientated People's Perceptions Of The Appropriateness Of Alcohol Sponsorship Within Sport, Sharee Wilton
Theses : Honours
This study examines people's perceptions of alcohol sponsorship in sport. Alcohol consumption and sport are closely linked as part of Australian culture and alcohol companies are major sponsors in Australian sport. This study explores any differences of opinion on alcohol sports sponsorship between sports orientated, somewhat sports orientated and non-sports orientated people. A continuum was used to determine where an individual fits between sports orientation and non-sports orientation. The study identified underlying influences that effect people's perception, such as personal participation in sport or having immediate family involved in sport. The study focused on Edith Cowan University students due to …
Seasonal Effects On Diet Of Two Arid Zone Dasyurids, Dasycercus Cristicauda And Ningaui Ridei (Dasyuridae, Marsupialia), Leisa Turner
Seasonal Effects On Diet Of Two Arid Zone Dasyurids, Dasycercus Cristicauda And Ningaui Ridei (Dasyuridae, Marsupialia), Leisa Turner
Theses : Honours
Seasonal fluctuations in rainfall and food availability are thought to change populations of arid zone mammals dramatically over time. Competition between similar species for limited food resources is believed to be a major factor in the evolution and maintenance of population assemblages. Animals foraging in arid regions must be responsive to the unreliable distribution of nutrients and food resources to ensure the survival of viable populations. Adaptive physiological traits and behavioural mechanisms of arid zone animals allow them to survive extreme conditions and the ability to switch between prey species in adverse conditions is an advantageous strategy. This study was …
Exploring Women's Experiences Of A Medically Necessary Caesarean, Michelle Cotterell
Exploring Women's Experiences Of A Medically Necessary Caesarean, Michelle Cotterell
Theses : Honours
Caesarean delivery accounts for approximately one in four births both in Australia and on a global level. Examination of the experience of caesarean delivery is limited, although as caesarean delivery rates are increasing, a practical understanding of the constructs surrounding surgical birth needs to be gained. This review aims to present an overview of the current literature exploring the mother's experience of caesarean delivery. The different modes of medically necessary caesarean delivery, both unplanned and planned are defined. Societal views of caesarean birth as an easier and convenient mode of delivery in comparison to vaginal birth are described and it …
Welfare State Expenditures And The Distribution Of Child Opportunities, Irwin Garfinkel, Lee Rainwater, Timothy M. Smeeding
Welfare State Expenditures And The Distribution Of Child Opportunities, Irwin Garfinkel, Lee Rainwater, Timothy M. Smeeding
Center for Policy Research
This paper estimates the redistributive effects of welfare state expenditures on social and economic disparities in the economic well-being of citizens in ten nations. Data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and other sources for cash and non-cash social welfare benefits (health and education benefits from third parties) are used to describe differences in the size and nature of welfare states and their distributional effects. The OECD data are combined with micro data on household incomes from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) both to estimate the redistributive effects of the expenditures and taxes and to construct measures …
Healthy Island Organic Products: A Study Determining How To Increase Customer Awareness, Jeff C. Yates
Healthy Island Organic Products: A Study Determining How To Increase Customer Awareness, Jeff C. Yates
Student Works
The purpose of this research project is to provide information that will aid in increasing the awareness of organic products that Healthy Island carries and to understand the customer needs when dealing with organic products, such a noni juice. This information will assist Healthy Island in the development of an effective marketing strategy. The questions that I hope to answer through this project are the following: 1. Is there a mark t for organic products geared toward younger men and women? 2. What is the current knowledge of organic products, specifically noni juice 3. What are the most effective ways …
Distribution Of Legumes Along Gradients Of Slope And Soil Electrical Conductivity In Pastures, John A. Guretzky, Kenneth J. Moore, C. Lee Burras, E. Charles Brummer
Distribution Of Legumes Along Gradients Of Slope And Soil Electrical Conductivity In Pastures, John A. Guretzky, Kenneth J. Moore, C. Lee Burras, E. Charles Brummer
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Legumes establish and persist on backslope landscape positions but fail on summits and toeslopes in southeastern Iowa pastures, suggesting that these pastures be managed site specifically. Visual delineation of landscape positions, however, can be difficult, and char- acterization of spatial variability through soil sampling is expensive. Creation of digital elevation models (DEM) and apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) mapping are inexpensive alternatives to de- scribing field conditions. Our objective was to examine the relationships of DEM-derived slope, soil ECa, and legume distribution in pastures.We examined these relationships across four 1.4-ha pastures. Each pasture was divided into …
Using Multi-Spectral Imagery To Evaluate Corn Grown Under Nitrogen And Drought Stressed Conditions, Shannon L. Osborne, James S. Schepers, Mike R. Schlemmer
Using Multi-Spectral Imagery To Evaluate Corn Grown Under Nitrogen And Drought Stressed Conditions, Shannon L. Osborne, James S. Schepers, Mike R. Schlemmer
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
The in-season estimation of crop stresses which have the potential of adversely affecting crop yield and/or quality could allow producers to make in-season management decisions to correct for the particular stress. A field study was conducted to evaluate the use of multispectral imagery for estimating corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield, in-season biomass and nitrogen (N) concentration under varying N and drought stresses. The experiment was a split-plot design with three replications using a factorial arrangement of treatments. Three irrigation (whole-plot) treatments included dry land, irrigation based on 0.5, and full evapotranspiration (ET). Sub-plot treatments included five N …
Feed Values For Annual Forages In Western Nebraska, Burton A. Weichenthal, David D. Baltensperger, Kenneth P. Vogel
Feed Values For Annual Forages In Western Nebraska, Burton A. Weichenthal, David D. Baltensperger, Kenneth P. Vogel
Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports
Forage quality testing was completed on annual forages grown during 1998 and/or 1999. Included were spring cereals, legumes and summer annuals like sorghum and millets. Using a single cut harvest system when the majority of summer annuals had produced seed heads, crude protein (CP) was generally more than 8% and total digestible nutrients (TDN) more than 63% of dry matter. Annual legumes had 12 to 18% CP and more than 63% TDN. Pearl and irrigated foxtail millets had higher crude protein levels than sorghum forages, but nitrate levels were also higher. Some mineral contents varied by location and associated management.
Women's Rights And Children's Rights: A Partnership With Benefits For Both, Jonathan Todres
Women's Rights And Children's Rights: A Partnership With Benefits For Both, Jonathan Todres
Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice
The article "Women's Rights and Children's Rights: A Partnership with Benefits for Both" by Jonathan Todres explores the interconnectedness of women's and children's rights, arguing that while separate treaties like CEDAW and CRC are beneficial, a holistic approach combining both frameworks is essential for effective protection. It emphasizes that addressing issues like child prostitution in Thailand requires leveraging both women's and children's rights to create comprehensive solutions.
Temperature Effects On Spawning And Fingerling Production Of Channel Catfish Ictalurus Punctatus, Patrice Arnold Pawiroredjo
Temperature Effects On Spawning And Fingerling Production Of Channel Catfish Ictalurus Punctatus, Patrice Arnold Pawiroredjo
LSU Master's Theses
The goal of this study was to develop several techniques that utilize the use of geothermal water that can contribute to increased profitability for commercial catfish producers. The primary objectives of this study were to: 1) determine the heating requirement using degree-days of channel catfish spawning 2) improve the efficiency of artificial spawning and, 3) evaluate the effectiveness of stocking outdoor ponds and pools with channel catfish fry. The heating requirement for channel catfish spawning was determined to be between 99 and 129 degree days at the peak of spawning. There was no difference in degree-day values between spawns collected …
Influence Of Planting Depth And Mulch On The Growth Of Nine Species Of Ornamental Plants In Landscape And Container Settings, Heather Christianne Pecot
Influence Of Planting Depth And Mulch On The Growth Of Nine Species Of Ornamental Plants In Landscape And Container Settings, Heather Christianne Pecot
LSU Master's Theses
Six different planting depths and mulch treatments were applied to nine different species of landscape plants in a field study beginning July 5, 2001. Plants were maintained for a two-year study period on the effects of improper planting depths and mulch on the following species; Southern Magnolia ‘Little Gem’ (Magnolia grandiflora), Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum), Crape Myrtle (Lagerstromia indica x fauriei ‘Natchez’), Azalea (Rhododendron indicum ‘George L. Tabor’), Indian Hawthorn (Raphiolepis indica ‘Clara’), Loropetalum (Loropetalum chinense ‘Burgundy’), Dwarf Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides ‘Radicans’), Dwarf Nandina (Nandina domestica ‘Fire power’), and Liriope (Liriope muscari ‘Big Blue’). Four growth indexes, and quality ratings …
Applying The Transtheoretical Model To Promote Greater Fruit And Vegetable Consumption: A Successful Approach To Maintaining Behavioral Change, Hiba Ahmad Bawadi
Applying The Transtheoretical Model To Promote Greater Fruit And Vegetable Consumption: A Successful Approach To Maintaining Behavioral Change, Hiba Ahmad Bawadi
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of participants in the first three Stages of Change (SOC) to a preparation stage-tailored intervention to increase fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption. An on-line survey was delivered to 400 university employees, and included questionnaires about their demographic information, SOC, self efficacy (SE), and decisional balance (DB). One hundred fifty six (39%) responded to the survey. A total of 40 were selected from the first three stages, precontemplation (PC), contemplation (C), and preparation (P), and were assigned into two groups (PC/C and P) with consideration to the best possible matching in …
The Relationship Between Social Behavior And Mealtime Behavior Problems In Individuals With Severe And Profound Mental Retardation, David E. Kuhn
The Relationship Between Social Behavior And Mealtime Behavior Problems In Individuals With Severe And Profound Mental Retardation, David E. Kuhn
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
One of the defining features of mental retardation is a problem in adaptive functioning. An area of adaptive skills commonly deficient in this population is social functioning, often characterized as behaviors that provide individuals with the means to interact effectively and appropriately with others. Researchers in this area have generally focused on improving appropriate social behavior and/or decreasing behavioral excesses that interfere with social interactions. Few studies have examined the effects of improving social behavior on collateral behaviors. The current study examined the relationship between social behavior and feeding and mealtime problem behavior in individuals with mental retardation. Individuals across …
Activity-Based Anorexia: The Effects Of Resistant Starch, Holly M. Nguyen
Activity-Based Anorexia: The Effects Of Resistant Starch, Holly M. Nguyen
LSU Master's Theses
Anorexia nervosa is the third most common illness among adolescent females. Approximately one half the cases of anorexia nervosa have been suggested to be activity-induced. Various animal studies have been used to study human anorexia, particularly the activity-based anorexia model (ABA). The ABA paradigm consists of diet restriction and liberal access to activity, which ultimately results in a rapid decrease in both body weight and food intake paradoxical to the significant increase in activity. Because resistant starch (RS) has been shown to initiate a lower rise and a steady level of post-prandial blood glucose, it was hypothesized that a diet …
Spatial Econometric Analysis Of Louisiana Rural Real Estate Values, Patricia Soto
Spatial Econometric Analysis Of Louisiana Rural Real Estate Values, Patricia Soto
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The general purpose of this study was to conduct a spatial analysis of the dynamics of rural land values in Louisiana. Specifically, spatial econometric procedures and hedonic price analysis were used to evaluate the impact of land characteristics on land prices across rural land markets in Louisiana. Initially, hedonic models were estimated by ordinary least squares (OLS) procedures to test for the presence of spatial autocorrelation using Lagrange Multiplier tests. Results suggested that there was spatial autocorrelation in the error terms. Hedonic models were then estimated using maximum likelihood (ML) spatial error techniques. Log likelihood numbers and likelihood ratio tests …
The Effect Of Beta-Carotene Vitamin E, And Vitamin C Supplementation Upon Work Capacity During A Protocol Of Arm Curl Exercise Using The Biodex Dyanamometer, Ivan Kenyon Guillory
The Effect Of Beta-Carotene Vitamin E, And Vitamin C Supplementation Upon Work Capacity During A Protocol Of Arm Curl Exercise Using The Biodex Dyanamometer, Ivan Kenyon Guillory
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The effect of acute and chronic supplementation upon work capacity in trained and untrained subjects was examined using 10 normal healthy subjects (ages 19-23). The subjects were tested using a double-blind crossover design. During the two supplemental stages subjects ingested either the placebo or antioxidant mixture capsules (beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E). There was a 28 day washout period between the two supplemental stages. Subjects were tested during each stage for an acute effect (one day of supplementation) and chronic effect (twenty-eight days of supplementation). Testing consisted of seven sets of arm curl exercises with a 60-second rest period between …
Capacity Of Freshwater Marsh To Process Nutrients In Diverted Mississippi River Water, Craig Bonya' Johnson
Capacity Of Freshwater Marsh To Process Nutrients In Diverted Mississippi River Water, Craig Bonya' Johnson
LSU Master's Theses
The loss of Louisiana's coastal wetlands has mandated the construction of diversion structures for reintroduction of a portion of the Mississippi River into Louisiana's coastal region for slowing or reversing marsh deterioration. The Davis Pond Freshwater Diversion Structure allows for a section of the Mississippi River water to be reintroduced into Louisiana's Barataria Basin. The reintroduced Mississippi River water contains elevated levels of nitrate and other nutrients from agricultural runoff primarily from the upper reaches of the Mississippi River drainage basin. These elevated nitrate levels have raised questions of possible eutrophication effects on Louisiana estuaries. The purpose of this study …
Herbivore Movement And Spatial Population Dynamics In A Heterogeneous Landscape, Kyle Jonathan Haynes
Herbivore Movement And Spatial Population Dynamics In A Heterogeneous Landscape, Kyle Jonathan Haynes
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
To date, few metapopulation studies have isolated the effects of the intervening matrix from other attributes of landscape structure (e.g., patch geography or quality) that might influence dispersal among patches. Furthermore, there has been little exploration of the mechanisms underlying effects of the matrix on the spatial ecology of species. In this dissertation, I examine how the movement and distribution of the planthopper Prokelisia crocea within and among host-plant patches (prairie cordgrass, Spartina pectinata) is affected by the composition of the matrix (the invasive grass smooth brome [Bromus inermis], native non-host grasses, or mudflat). First, using a mark-recapture study in …
Evaluation Of Injury And Management Strategies For Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) On Cotton, Gossypium Hirsutum L., Melissa Marie Willrich
Evaluation Of Injury And Management Strategies For Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) On Cotton, Gossypium Hirsutum L., Melissa Marie Willrich
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The effects of brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), and southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), feeding on pre-flowering, flowering, and senescing cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., plants were evaluated in field studies. Vegetative stage seedlings and flower buds (squares) were not significantly injured by adults or nymphs of either species in no-choice studies. Brown stink bug adults induced boll abscission, and reduced seedcotton yield and seed germination in bolls accumulating „T 350, „T 550, and 101 to „T 600 heat units beyond anthesis, respectively. In free-choice tests, boll preference was evaluated during each of the initial five weeks of …
The Control, Survival, And Growth Of Listeria Monocytogenes On Food Products, Richelle Lynn Beverly
The Control, Survival, And Growth Of Listeria Monocytogenes On Food Products, Richelle Lynn Beverly
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Listeria monocytogenes, a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen, was recognized over 70 years ago. It is the source of the human disease listeriosis. The majority of Listeria monocytogenes that have been isolated from food product or human cases are of the serotypes ½ a, ½ b and 4b. Due to the recent outbreaks, recalls and deaths associated with Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat products, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) on October 2, 2003 issued a directive for the control of Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat products. The ready-to-eat food industry must impose a post-lethality treatment …
Assessing Perception Of Family Nutrition Program Characteristics And Nutrition Education Needs Of Low Socioeconomic Status Individuals, Denise Marie Holston
Assessing Perception Of Family Nutrition Program Characteristics And Nutrition Education Needs Of Low Socioeconomic Status Individuals, Denise Marie Holston
LSU Master's Theses
The Louisiana Family Nutrition Program (FNP) reaches up to 120,000 food-stamp recipients and other low SES individuals per year through direct and indirect nutrition education methods. To be effective in eliciting behavior change, a nutrition education program must be developed to be consistent with the needs, motivations, and concerns of the target audience; therefore, it is important that the needs, motivations, and concerns are being met by FNP. The purpose of this study was to determine, through the use of focus group discussions (FGD), whether nutrition education needs of FNP participants are being satisfied by the program. Nutrition education needs …