Digital Commons Network^™

Lindenwood University Student Handbook, 2004-2005, Lindenwood University

Student Handbooks

Information and guidelines for Lindenwood University students

Biomimetic Model Of Skeletal Muscle Isometric Contraction: I. An Energetic–Viscoelastic Model For The Skeletal Muscle Isometric Force Twitch, C. A. Phillips, D. W. Repperger, A. T. Neidhard-Doll, D. B. Reynolds

United States Air Force: Publications

This paper describes a revision of the Hill-type muscle model so that it will describe the chemo-mechanical energy conversion process (energetic) and the internal-element sti2ness variation (viscoelastic) during a skeletal muscle isometric force twitch contraction. The derivation of this energetic–viscoelastic model is described by a 3rst-order linear ordinary di2erential equation with constant energetic and viscoelastic coe5cients. The model has been implemented as part of a biomimetic model, which describes the excitation–contraction coupling necessary to drive the energetic–viscoelastic model. Finally, the energetic–viscoelastic model is validated by comparing its isometric force–time pro3le with that of various muscles reported in the literature.

The Rock, Winter 2004 (Vol. 75, No. 2), Whittier College

The Rock

No abstract provided.

President's Report Card To Board Of Trustees, 2004-10, Clemson University

President's Reports to the Board of Trustees

No abstract provided.

President's Report Card To Board Of Trustees, 2004-07, Clemson University

President's Reports to the Board of Trustees

No abstract provided.

When The Advantaged Become Disadvantaged: Men’S And Women’S Actions Against Gender Discrimination, Mindi D. Foster, Stacey Arnt, Jill Honloka

Psychology Faculty Publications

Intergroup theories suggest that different social identities will either discourage or encourage the taking of action against discrimination (Bartky, 1977; Jost & Banaji, 1994). However, research (e.g., Branscombe, 1998) has shown that discrimination is a less negative experience for men than for women. As such, it is possible that men may take greater action than women, regardless of identity. However, men’s responses to their perceived disadvantage has not yet been tested. Among those induced to ascribe to a gendered stereotype identity, men endorsed more action than women did.Among those induced to ascribe to an identity based on a gendered social …

Soil Chemistry Properties Under Two Different Management Practices: Clipped Saint Augustine Grass Lawn And Annually Burned Cajun Prairie, Domingo M. Jariel, Malcolm F. Vidrine, Nicole Bordelon, Janeel Al-Dujaili

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Prescribed burning every two or more years is the recommended management practice to remove unnecessary invasive plants and to enhance the regrowth of desirable plants for the development of a fire-dependent plant community native to southwestern Louisiana. A portion of Saint Augustine grass lawn at Louisiana State University at Eunice (LSUE) was converted into a Cajun Prairie restoration plot in 1989. Since 1991, the adjacent lawn has been clipped weekly, whereas the prairie has been burned every January. The objective of this study was to determine the soil chemical properties of clipped lawn and burned prairie plots. Each plot (12 …

Temporal Effects Of Grazing Regimes On Non-Game Birds In North Dakota Grasslands, Eric D. Salo, Kenneth F. Higgins, William T. Barker, Kristel K. Bakker, Kent C. Jensen

Proceedings of the North American Prairie Conferences

Grazing occurred naturally in the northern Great Plains and influenced many natural processes in grassland ecosystems, including the habitat selection of breeding birds. Grazing, mainly for livestock production, is still an important land use practice and is one that impacts millions of hectares on both public and private land in the United States. To better understand how long-term grazing treatments affect non-game breeding birds, a study was conducted at the Central Grasslands Research Extension Center (CGREC) in south-central North Dakota during 2001 and 2002 and results were compared to two earlier studies, one in native prairie and the other in …

A Theoretical Examination Of Peer Assistance And Review Systems: The Case For Change, Andrea M. Cecconi

Seminar Research Paper Series

Peer assistance and review (PAR) programs are prominent and controversial mechanism within the education reform movement. Undertaken as a joint initiative between unions and school districts, they are new systems of teacher professional development and evaluation. This paper examines the theoretical framework against which peer assistance and review programs should be designed. Using literature on standards, professional development, teacher knowledge, motivation, and behavioral change, guidelines for the creation of PAR programs are developed. Implications of the creation of peer review systems are discussed, including increased accountability and responsibility for teachers and enhanced professionalism for educators in general. A theoretical examination …

Experimental Determination Of Stiffness Of Joints In Welded Tuff, Jaak J.K. Daemen, George Danko, Amy J. Smiecinski

Publications (YM)

Fourteen uniaxial joint compression tests were run to determine the normal and shear stiffnesses of type 1 fracture joints (healed joints filled with vapor-phase mineral deposits) obtained from the Yucca Mountain site. The uniaxial joint compression results show that these joints behave linearly up to over 85% of their loading history. They are stiff with strengths very close to the strength of the intact rock. Five direct shear tests were run on open, separated, joints. Results obtained from the direct shear testing show that the normal stiffness increases with increasing normal stress. Shearing through asperities gives high joint shear stiffness …

Fact Book 2004-05, Western Michigan University

Western Michigan University Fact Books

• General Information
• Enrollment Information
• Institutional Comparison
• Student Information
• Faculty Information
• Budgets and Resources

Land For Maine's Future Program: Increasing The Return On A Sound Public Investment, Richard Barringer, Hugh Coxe, Jack Kartez, Catherine Reilly, Jonathan Rubin

Economics and Finance

Maine is nowhere a more special place than in the quality of its landscape and the traditions of its land use. Among the mo st privately-owned of all the states, Maine’s natural diversity and beauty combine with its traditions of resource stewardship, open access, and appreciation of nature to distinguish it in the public mind and national imagination. In recent decades, however, these traditions have come under assault from the forces of economic and social change; and the people of Maine have responded. In 1986, Governor Joseph Brennan’s Special Commission on Outdoor Recreation recognized the growing threats to Maine’s natur …

Open Access, Sparc

Open Access Resources

SPARC, Open Access

The Maturing Of The Triad Approach: Avoiding Misconceptions, Deana M. Crumbling, Joel S. Hayworth, Bradley A. Call, William M. Davis, Robert Howe, David S. Miller, Robert Johnson

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Misunderstandings and misconceptions have arisen as the Triad approach has gained wider application. The Triad initiative’s ability to catalyze second-generation cleanup practices will be hampered if inaccurate or incomplete assumptions create persistent confusion about what Triad is or how it works. This article has been prepared by the multi-agency workgroup responsible for articulating the Triad approach and coordinating national Triad efforts. It serves to address some misunderstandings about key Triad concepts. As an aid to those wishing to learn more, a new Web site (the Triad Resource Center, http://www.triadcentral.org) and a new Triad reference document from the Interstate Technology and …

The Triad Approach: A Catalyst For Maturing Remediation Practice, Deana M. Crumbling, Joel S. Hayworth, Robert L. Johnson, Marlene Moore

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Many individual scientific and technical disciplines contribute to the multidisciplinary field of remediation science and practice. Because of the relative youth of this enterprise, disciplinary interests sometimes compete and conflict with the primary goal of achieving protective, cost-effective, efficient projects. Convergence of viewpoints toward a more mature, common vision is needed. In addition, cleanup programs are changing under the influence of Brownfields initiatives and the needs of environmental insurance underwriters. Investigations and cleanups increasingly need to be affordable, yet transparent and defensible. Disciplinary goals and terminology need to better reflect real-world site conditions while being more supportive of project needs. …

National Water Quality Inventory: Report To Congress 2004 Reporting Cycle

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Table of Contents

Section Page

List of Figures.............................................................................................................................iv List of Tables...............................................................................................................................iv List of Acronyms..........................................................................................................................v Executive Summary..........................................................................................................................1

I. Background...................................................................................................................5

About the Water Quality Assessment and TMDL Information Database (ATTAINS)..........................................................................................................................5

Assessing Water Quality................................................................................................................................7

II. Findings.......................................................................................................................13 Rivers and Streams...........................................................................................................................13 Lakes, Ponds, and Reservoirs.......................................................................................................................16

Bays and Estuaries.........................................................................................................................20 Other Waters..............................................................................................................................23 Coastal Resources.......................................................................................................................23

Great Lakes.....................................................................................................................24 Wetlands..........................................................................................................................24

III. Probability Surveys of Water Quality.......................................................................26

National Coastal Assessment....................................................................................26

The Wadeable Streams Assessment.......................................................................27

Survey of the Nation’s Lakes.......................................................................................29

National Rivers and Streams Assessment.............................................................30

National Wetland Condition Assessment...............................................................30

State-Scale Statistical Surveys..................................................................................31

South Carolina..............................................................................................................32 Indiana............................................................................................................................33 Florida.............................................................................................................................34 IV. Future Reporting......................................................................................................36

V. References………………………………………………………………………….37

Use Of Next Generation Weather Radar Data And Basin Disaggregation To Improve Continuous Hydrograph Simulations, Ziya Zhang, Victor Koren, Michael Smith, Seann Reed, David Wang

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Currently, the river forecasting system deployed in each of 13 River Forecast Centers of the National Weather Service primarily uses lumped parameter models to generate hydrologic simulations. With the deployment of the weather surveillance radar 1988 Doppler radars, more and more precipitation data with high spatial and temporal resolution have become available for hydrologic modeling. Hydrologists inside and outside the National Weather Service are now investigating how to effectively use these data to enhance river-forecasting capabilities. In this paper, six years of continuously simulated hydrographs from an eight-subbasin model are compared to those from a single-basin (or lumped) model, both …

Distribution Of North Pacific Right Whales (Eubalaena Japonica) As Shown By 19th And 20th Century Whaling Catch And Sighting Records, Phillip J. Clapham, Caroline Good, Sara E. Quinn, Randall R. Reeves, James E. Scarff, Robert L. Brownell Jr.

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

North Pacific right whales (Eubalaena japonica) were extensively exploited in the 19th century, and their recovery was further retarded (severely so in the eastern population) by illegal Soviet catches in the 20th century, primarily in the 1960s. Monthly plots of right whale sightings and catches from both the 19th and 20th centuries are provided, using data summarized by Scarff (1991, from the whale charts of Matthew Fontaine Maury) and Brownell et al. (2001), respectively. Right whales had an extensive offshore distribution in the 19th century, and were common in areas (such as the Gulf of Alaska and Sea …

Monitoring Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Aqueous Environments With Passive Low-Density Polyethylene Membrane Devices, Mark G. Carls, Larry G. Holland, Jeffrey W. Short, Ron A. Heintz, Stanley D. Rice

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Low-density polyethylene membranes, typically filled with triolein, have been previously deployed as passive environmental samplers designed to accumulate nonpolar hydrophobic chemicals from water, sediments, and air. Hydrocarbons in such samplers, known as semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), diffuse through pores in the membranes and are trapped in the central hydrocarbon matrix, mimicking uptake by living organisms. Here, we describe laboratory and field verification that lowdensity polyethylene membrane devices (PEMDs) without triolein provide reliable, relatively inexpensive, time-integrated hydrocarbon sampling from water. For comparison, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) uptake in SPMDs and pink salmon eggs also was studied. Total concentrations of PAH accumulated …

Sediment Grain-Size And Loss-On-Ignition Analyses From 2002 Englebright Lake Coring And Sampling Campaigns, Noah P. Snyder, James R. Allen, Carlin Dare, Margaret A. Hampton, Gary Schneider, Ryan J. Wooley, Charles N. Alpers, Mark C. Marvin-Dipasquale

United States Geological Survey: Publications

This report presents sedimentologic data from three 2002 sampling campaigns conducted in Englebright Lake on the Yuba River in northern California. This work was done to assess the properties of the material deposited in the reservoir between completion of Englebright Dam in 1940 and 2002, as part of the Upper Yuba River Studies Program. Included are the results of grain-size-distribution and loss-on-ignition analyses for 561 samples, as well as an error analysis based on replicate pairs of subsamples.

Geochemical Characterization Of Water, Sediment, And Biota Affected By Mercury Contamination And Acidic Drainage From Historical Gold Mining, Greenhorn Creek, Nevada County, California, 1999-2001, Charles N. Alpers, Michael P. Hunerlach, Jason T. May, Roger L. Hothem, Howard E. Taylor, Ronald C. Antweiler, John F. De Wild, David A. Lawler

United States Geological Survey: Publications

In 1999, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiated studies of mercury and methylmercury occurrence, transformation, and transport in the Bear River and Yuba River watersheds of the northwestern Sierra Nevada. Because these watersheds were affected by large-scale, historical gold extraction using mercury amalgamation beginning in the 1850s, they were selected for a pilot study of mercury transport by the USGS and other cooperating agencies. This report presents data on methylmercury (MeHg) and total mercury (THg) concentrations in water, bed sediment, invertebrates, and frogs collected at 40 stations during 1999−2001 in the Greenhorn Creek drainage, a major tributary to the Bear …

Stable Hydrogen Isotope Analysis Of Bat Hair As Evidence For Seasonal Molt And Long-Distance Migration, Paul M. Cryan, Michael A. Bogan, Robert O. Rye, Gary P. Landis, Cynthia L. Kester

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Although hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) are presumed to be migratory and capable of long-distance dispersal, traditional marking techniques have failed to provide direct evidence of migratory movements by individuals. We measured the stable hydrogen isotope ratios of bat hair (∂D_h) and determined how these values relate to stable hydrogen isotope ratios of precipitation (∂D_p). Our results indicate that the major assumptions of stable isotope migration studies hold true for hoary bats and that the methodology provides a viable means of determining their migratory movements. We present evidence that a single annual molt occurs in L. cinereus …

Genetic Structure Of Cougar Populations Across The Wyoming Basin: Metapopulation Or Megapopulation, Charles R. Anderson Jr., Federick G. Lindzey, David B. Mcdonald

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We examined the genetic structure of 5 Wyoming cougar (Puma concolor) populations surrounding the Wyoming Basin, as well as a population from southwestern Colorado. When using 9 microsatellite DNA loci, observed heterozygosity was similar among populations (HO = 0.49–0.59) and intermediate to that of other large carnivores. Estimates of genetic structure (FST = 0.028, RST = 0.029) and number of migrants per generation (Nm) suggested high gene flow. Nm was lowest between distant populations and highest among adjacent populations. Examination of these data, plus Mantel test results of genetic versus geographic distance (P ≤ 0.01), suggested both isolation …

New Distributional Record Of The Nothern Redbelly Dace In The Northern Great Plains, Nathan M. Morey, Charles R. Berry Jr.

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The range of the northern redbelly dace (Phoxinus eos) is grouped into two regions in central North America (Stasiak 1980). In the northern Great Plains, the species is distributed throughout the upper Missouri River drainage in Montana and Canada (Brown 1971, Scott and Crossman 1973). In the Central Lowlands, the northern redbelly dace is distributed through northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Canada, and the Great Lakes region (Hubbs and Cooper 1936, Eddy and Underhill 1976, Becker 1983). The present distribution of northern redbelly dace has shifted northward from a more southerly distribution during Pleistocene glaciation (Cross et al. 1986). Relict …

Mineralogical Maturity In Dunefields Of North America, Africa And Australia, Daniel R. Muhs

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Studies of dunefields in central and western North America show that mineralogical maturity can provide new insights into the origin and evolution of aeolian sand bodies. Many of the world’s great sand seas in Africa, Asia and Australia are quartz-dominated and thus can be considered to be mineralogically mature. The Algodones (California) and Parker (Arizona) dunes in the southwestern United States are also mature, but have inherited a high degree of mineralogical maturity from quartz-rich sedimentary rocks drained by the Colorado River. In Libya, sediments of the Zallaf sand sea, which are almost pure quartz, may have originated in a …

Reproduction And Seasonal Activity Of Silver-Haired Bats In Western Nebraska, Keith Geluso, Jeffrey J. Huebschman, Jeremy A. White, Michael A. Bogan

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) were thought only to migrate through Nebraska; however, recent surveys in eastern Nebraska report summer records of females and their young. Our study in western Nebraska also shows that silver-haired bats are summer residents. We discovered the 1st reproductively active L. noctivagans in this part of the state. We caught lactating females and volant young in riparian forests along the North Platte River and in forested areas of the Pine Ridge. Previously, adult males were not known from Nebraska in summer, and only 4 records of L. noctivagans were known from western Nebraska during …

Corrigendum To ‘‘Radiocarbon Dating, Chronologic Framework, And Changes In Accumulation Rates Of Holocene Estuarine Sediments From Chesapeake Bay’’ [Quaternary Research 57 (2002) 58–70], Steven M. Colman, Pattie C. Baucom, John F. Bratton, Thomas M. Cronin, John P. Mcgeehin, Debra Willard, Andrew R. Zimmerman, Peter R. Vogt

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Because of an error in the calculation of bulk densities from water contents, the cumulative masses in Fig. 8 are too high by a factor of about 2. The actual correction depends to small degree on water content and ranges from 1.8 for a water content of 50% to 2.2 for a water content of 75%. The values for mass accumulation rates in the left two columns of Table 5 are also affected, but the ratios between pre- and post-settlement times are not. A revised version of that table is given below. None of the major conclusions of the paper …

Record Of Late Pleistocene Glaciation And Deglaciation In The Southern Cascade Range. I. Petrological Evidence From Lacustrine Sediment In Upper Klamath Lake, Southern Oregon, Richard L. Reynolds, Joseph G. Rosenbaum, Josh Rapp, Michael W. Kerwin, J. Platt Bradbury, David Adam, Steven Colman

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Petrological and textural properties of lacustrine sediments from Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, reflect changing input volumes of glacial flour and thus reveal a detailed glacial history for the southern Cascade Range between about 37 and 15 ka. Magnetic properties vary as a result of mixing different amounts of the highly magnetic, glacially generated detritus with less magnetic, more weathered detritus derived from unglaciated parts of the large catchment. Evidence that the magnetic properties record glacial flour input is based mainly on the strong correlation between bulk sediment particle size and parameters that measure the magnetite content and magnetic mineral freshness. …

Estimating Accumulation Rates And Physical Properties Of Sediment Behind A Dam: Englebright Lake, Yuba River, Northern California, Noah P. Snyder, David M. Rubin, Charles N. Alpers, Jonathan R. Childs, Jennifer A. Curtis, Lorraine E. Flint, Scott A. Wright

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Studies of reservoir sedimentation are vital to understanding scientific and management issues related to watershed sediment budgets, depositional processes, reservoir operations, and dam decommissioning. Here we quantify the mass, organic content, and grain-size distribution of a reservoir deposit in northern California by two methods of extrapolating measurements of sediment physical properties from cores to the entire volume of impounded material. Englebright Dam, completed in 1940, is located on the Yuba River in the Sierra Nevada foothills. A research program is underway to assess the feasibility of introducing wild anadromous fish species to the river upstream of the dam. Possible management …

Mercury And Methylmercury Concentrations And Loads In The Cache Creek Watershed, California, Joseph L. Domagalski, Charles N. Alpers, Darell G. Slotton, Thomas H. Suchanek, Shaun M. Ayers

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Concentrations and loads of total mercury and methylmercury were measured in streams draining abandoned mercury mines and in the proximity of geothermal discharge in the Cache Creek watershed of California during a 17-month period from January 2000 through May 2001. Rainfall and runoff were lower than long-term averages during the study period. The greatest loading of mercury and methylmercury from upstream sources to downstream receiving waters, such as San Francisco Bay, generally occurred during or after winter rainfall events. During the study period, loads of mercury and methylmercury from geothermal sources tended to be greater than those from abandoned mining …