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Endometrial Cytology Findings At Different Stages Of Sexual Cycle, Pregnacy And Pyometra In Bitches, Ayhan Baştan, Yunus Çeti̇n, Örsan Güngör, Di̇lek Arsoy Başaran

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study was to investigate cellular changes of the uterus during pregnancy, pyometra and different phases of the sexual cycle in dogs using endometrial cytology. We used 30 uteruses from bitches of different ages and breeds and at heterogeneous stages of the sexual cycle (Group 1 proestrus n = 5, Group 2 estrus n = 5, Group 3 diestrus n = 5, and Group 4 anestrus n = 5) as well as animals with open cervix pyometra (Group 5 n = 5), and that were pregnant (Group 6 n = 5). The sexual cycle stage of the …

Macroanatomical Studies On The Cranial Cervical Ganglion In Sheep, İsmai̇l Türkmenoğlu, Nejdet Dursun

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the location and relations of the cranial cervical ganglion were investigated. A total of six sheep of different ages and both sexes were used. The cranial cervical ganlion lies medial to the occipitohyoid muscle, ventral to the jugular foramen, lateral to the longissimus capitis muscle and craniomedial to a common mass constituted by the glossopharyngeal, vagal, accessory and hypoglossal nerves and the condyloid artery. The colour and shape of the ganglion are light brown and fusiform respectively.

Promoting Children's Interest Through A Responsible Research Agenda, Margaret F. Brinig

Journal Articles

I deeply wish to see more good empirical work in family law. If our system had all of the money in the world, I would wish to spend it to guarantee happy, healthy children. But since resources are scarce, and children's issues must compete with other interests that range from national security to care for the elderly, I would suggest spending a relatively modest amount to determine what programs would likely prove successful.

Usually public policy follows from the wishes of adults. In family law, this occurs although virtually all the legislation dealing with families and children begins with a …

Farm-Level Pesticide Use In Bangladesh: Determinants And Awareness, S Rahman

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Farmers' awareness of beneficial and harmful effects of pesticides and factors determining use of pesticides were analyzed using survey data from 21 villages in three agro-ecological regions of Bangladesh. Pesticide cost accounts for about 7.7% of the gross value of output in cotton, 3.6% in vegetables, 2.5% in potato, 1.8% in modern rice, 1.6% in spices and less than 1% in other cereal and non-cereal crops. About 77% of farmers (highest 94% in Comilla) used pesticides at least once (37% applied once and 31% applied twice, and the rest applied for 3-5 times) in a crop season. Cultivation of traditional …

Environmental Impacts Of Modern Agricultural Technology Diffusion In Bangladesh: An Analysis Of Farmers' Perceptions And Their Determinants, S Rahman

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Farmers' perception of the environmental impacts of modern agricultural technology diffusion and factors determining such awareness were examined using survey data from 21 villages in three agro-ecological regions of Bangladesh. Results reveal that farmers are well aware of the adverse environmental impacts of modern agricultural technology, although their awareness remains confined within visible impacts such as soil fertility, fish catches, and health effects. Their perception of intangible impacts such as, toxicity in water and soils is weak. Level and duration of modern agricultural technology adoption directly influence awareness of its adverse effects. Education and extension contacts also play an important …

Which Ties Bind? Redefining The Parent-Child Relationship In An Age Of Genetic Certainty, Naomi R. Cahn, June Carbone

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This article addresses the role of the genetic tie in the parent-child relationship through three lenses. First, we argue that the legal system recognizes children's rights not by treating children as autonomous actors, but by identifying the individuals and institutions most likely to promote children's interests and encouraging their success. Second, we examine the existing empirical and socio-biological literature that considers the importance of biological relationships, and concludes that it demonstrates not a single set of answers, but a set of tradeoffs. The well-being of young children, particularly in societies less prosperous than our own, may depend on the mother's …

The Constitutional Structure And The Jurisprudence Of Justice Scalia, Bradford R. Clark

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Commentators generally regard federalism and separation of powers as distinct features of the constitutional structure. In reality, these doctrines were designed to work together to further the same goals: to avoid tyranny and to preserve individual liberty. Professor Thomas Merrill overlooks this connection in a recent attempt to explain the Supreme Court's decision making process under Chief Justice William Rehnquist. Professor Merrill maintains that there have been two Rehnquist Courts: one from 1986 to 1994, and another from 1994 to the present. In Professor Merrill's view, the first Rehnquist Court focused on social issues - such as abortion, affirmative action, …

The American Worker: Junior Partner In Success And Senior Partner In Failure, Charles B. Craver

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This article explores the degree to which American workers are treated like second-class parties by corporate leaders. When business firms do well, share holders and managers obtain significant financial gains, but rank-and-file workers do not usually share in those gains. On the other hand, when firms do poorly, thousands of employees are laid off, while managers obtain bonuses for their forthright actions designed to curtail labor costs. These developments correspond directly to the decline of labor organizations in the United States. When unions represented 35 percent of private sector workers in the late 1950s and 1960s, wages and benefits were …

The Waning Importance Of Revisions To U.C.C. Article 2, Gregory E. Maggs

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code governs contracts for the sale of goods. This article seeks to show that, however urgent the need to modernize Article 2 was in 1990, this need ironically has waned with the passage of time. Article 2 requires less change now than it did a decade ago to meet the requirements of modern commerce. The article supports this claim by looking at three very significant developments that have occurred since 1990: the growth of electronic commerce, the decision not to address software licenses in article 2, and the accumulation of a decade of precedents …

The Price Of Discrimination: The Nature Of Class Action Employment Litigation And Its Effects, Michael Selmi

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This article analyzes the recent wave of large class action employment discrimination suits to determine their effects on the firms that are sued and the members of the plaintiff class. The first part of the paper includes an event study that measures the effect the lawsuits and their settlements have on stock prices of the companies that are sued, and the second part of the paper involves three case studies (Texaco, Home Depot and Denny's) to explore how the lawsuits actually change corporate practices. The study finds that the lawsuits do not generally affect stock prices, and rarely provide meaningful …

Identity Theft, Privacy, And The Architecture Of Vulnerability, Daniel J. Solove

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This Article contrasts two models for understanding and protecting against privacy violations. Traditionally, privacy violations have been understood as invasive actions by particular wrongdoers who cause direct injury to victims. Victims experience embarrassment, mental distress, or harm to their reputations. Privacy is not infringed until these mental injuries materialize. Thus, the law responds when a person's deepest secrets are exposed, reputation is tarnished, or home is invaded. Under the traditional view, privacy is an individual right, remedied at the initiative of the individual.

In this Article, Professor Solove contends the traditional model does not adequately account for many of the …

The Virtues Of Knowing Less: Justifying Privacy Protections Against Disclosure, Daniel J. Solove

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This Article develops justifications for protections against the disclosure of private information. An extensive body of scholarship has attacked such protections as anathema to the Information Age, where the free flow of information is championed as a fundamental value. This Article responds to two general critiques of disclosure protections: (1) that they inhibit freedom of speech, and (2) that they restrict information useful for judging others.

Regarding the free speech critique, the Article argues that not all speech is of equal value; speech of private concern is less valuable than speech of public concern. The difficulty, however, is distinguishing between …

Can Pragmatism Be Radical? Richard Posner And Legal Pragmatism, Daniel J. Solove, Michael Sullivan

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Richard Posner's Law, Pragmatism, and Democracy (2003) is the most comprehensive account to date of his pragmatic vision of the law and democracy. For the most part, Posner's theory of pragmatism has been attacked externally, mainly by theorists unsympathetic to pragmatism. In contrast, in this Review, we contest Posner's account of pragmatism from within the pragmatic tradition. We contend that Posner's views are problematic not because they are pragmatic, but because they are often not pragmatic enough.

We put Posner's account of pragmatism to the pragmatic test by examining its implications. Posner views ideals as useless and philosophical theorizing as …

Unsigning, Edward T. Swaine

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Widespread objections to the apparently unprecedented decision by the United States to "unsign" the treaty establishing the International Criminal Court reflect concerns particular to that treaty and to U.S. involvement in international affairs. But the controversy also illuminates a genuine problem in the formation of multilateral treaties. The interim obligation for signatories, often understood as a means for maintaining a vestigial role for signature, should also be considered as an incomplete answer to ex post and ex ante commitment problems observable in the treaty context and elsewhere - incomplete, in part, because signatories can effectively withdraw from their obligations without …

Against Principled Antitrust, Edward T. Swaine

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Competition policy is on the WTO agenda for the Doha Round, but it is unlikely that it will result in any substantive international standards; the goal, instead, seems to be to agree on core principles to guide the development of national law, including transparency, non-discrimination, and procedural fairness, perhaps extending to special and differential treatment for developing countries. While there is much to commend these principles, this paper takes a deliberately contrarian view, arguing that core principles are not at all where WTO competition policy should begin. It further disputes the appropriateness of applying an emerging meta-principle of the WTO …

The Possible Role Of Tgf-Beta-Induced Suppressors Of Cytokine Signaling Expression In Osteoclast/Macrophage Lineage Commitment In Vitro, Sw Fox, Sj Haque, Ac Lovibond, Tj Chambers

School of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Model For Clinical Education In Athletic Training, Jeff G. Seegmiller

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Clinical education is an intrinsic part of most allied health educational programs. However, conceptual models differ as to what constitutes quality for clinical experiences. As a relatively new allied health care field, athletic training education is adapting in order to meet the needs of a changing health care environment. Recent initiatives for clinical education mark the change from a quantitative (hours of exposure) approach, to one emphasizing quality (mastery over time). However, in this transition from field-based to curriculum emphasis, the coherence between different aspects of the educational process have weakened. This paper presents a background of clinical education in …

Thinking Race, Making Nation (Reviewing Glenn C. Loury, The Anatomy Of Racial Inequality), Christopher A. Bracey

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

We live in a race-conscious culture. As Americans, we are a nation of people who self-consciously chose to adopt a vision of society that embraced lofty ideals of individual freedom and democracy for all along with powerful mechanisms for devastating racial oppression. Our history is replete with instances of differential treatment on account of race - slavery being only the most egregious example - that achieved the desired effect of generating remarkable disparities in socioeconomic well-being among individuals and between different racial groups. Such disparities are not simply historical artifacts. They are facts of the contemporary American racial landscape as …

Does Federalism Constrain The Treaty Power?, Edward T. Swaine

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

The Supreme Court's revival of federalism casts doubt on the previously unimpeachable power of the national government to bind its states by treaty, suggesting potential subject-matter, anti-commandeering, and sovereign immunity limits that could impair U.S. obligations under vital trade and human rights treaties.

Existing scholarship treats these principles separately and considers them in originalist or other terms, without definitive result. This Article takes a different approach. By assessing all of the doctrines with equal care, but not at daunting length, it permits insight into the common issues involved in determining whether they should be extended to the treaty power. It …

China's Legal System And The Wto: Prospects For Compliance, Donald C. Clarke

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

The impact of WTO membership both on China and its trading partners, both for good and for ill, has been greatly overstated. WTO treaty obligations and Dispute Settlement Body rulings will not become part of Chinese domestic unless specifically incorporated by Chinese legislation. Moreover, the WTO does not require a perfect legal system of its members; instead, it requires a degree of transparency and fairness in certain limited areas. Although some of China's WTO commitments will be difficult for it to fulfill, even non-fulfillment will not result in the predicted flood of WTO dispute settlement proceedings, since such proceedings can …

Three Generations Of Participation Rights Before The European Commission, Francesca Bignami

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This article offers a conceptual framework for analyzing the development of participation rights before the executive branch of the European Community - the European Commission. Process rights before the Commission can be divided into three categories, each of which is associated with a distinct phase in Community history and a particular set of institutional actors. The first set of rights, the right to be heard when the Commission inflicts sanctions or other forms of hardship in individual proceedings, emerged in the 1970s in competition law. This phase was driven by the Court f Justice, influenced by the English administrative law …

Traits Underlying Invasiveness: A Comparison Of Widespread And Endemic Species In The Genus Gambusia (Poeciliidae), Jennifer Schopf Rehage

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Due to the irreversible nature of biological invasions, prediction has been a key area of emphasis in invasion biology. Specifically, the degree to which species-specific traits may help us predict invasion success is a core issue in the field. My research examined a series of traits and asked whether they were good predictors of invasion success, particularly establishment success. I compared traits among four species of the poeciliid fish Gambusia, two of them highly invasive (G. affinis and G. holbrooki) and two of them non-invasive (G. hispaniolae and G. geiseri).I examined abiotic tolerances, feeding behavior, behavioral responses to novel predation …

Character Education Program : An Evaluation Description, Hou Chun Kuong

Graduate Research Papers

In today 's world, all children face great uncertainties in a complex and sometimes troubled society. These traits are not always readily apparent and easy to grasp or learn. Today, schools face the challenge of providing youth with the self-esteem, stamina, and support they need to survive, be successful, and develop into strong, competent, caring, and responsible citizens. To meet the challenge schools have either developed or adopted character education programs.

This paper focused on three elements common to most character education programs: (]) the school program must include parent and community outreach, planning and structure, school climate, curriculum, and …

Aicpa Professional Standards: Attestation Standards As Of June 1, 2003, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Auditing Standards Board

AICPA Professional Standards

No abstract provided.

Aicpa Professional Standards: Code Of Professional Conduct And Bylaws As Of June 1, 2003, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants

AICPA Professional Standards

No abstract provided.

Aicpa Professional Standards: Statement On Responsibilities In Personal Financial Planning Practice As Of June 1, 2003, American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants. Personal Financial Planning Executive Committee

AICPA Professional Standards

No abstract provided.

Internal Corporate Investigations: Legal Ethics, Professionalism And The Employee Interview, Sarah Helene Duggin

Scholarly Articles

This article addresses key ethical issues pertaining to the conduct of employee interviews in the course of internal corporate investigations. The discussion focuses on business corporations, but it is equally applicable to other for-profit and not-for-profit organizations." Part II provides background information on developments in organizational criminal liability over the past two decades, the importance of the United States Sentencing Commission's Organizational Sentencing Guidelines, and the concomitant emergence of the internal investigation as an integral part of modern corporate legal practice. Part III examines law enforcement authorities' growing insistence on corporate "cooperation" as a prerequisite to participation in voluntary disclosure …

Globalism, Human Rights And The Problem Of Individualism, Richard Mcintyre

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Global Economy, Global Justice: Theoretical Objections and Policy Alternatives to Neoliberalism by George F.DeMartino. New York: Routledge, 2000. 296pp.

Questioning The Universality Of Human Rights, Paul J. Magnarella

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Universal Human Rights? edited by Robert G. Patman. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000. 244pp.

and

Dealing with Human Rights: Asian and Western Views on the Value of Human Rights edited by Martha Meijer. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2001. 183pp.

and

The Philosophy of Human Rights by Patrick Hayden. St. Paul: Paragon House, 2001. 686pp.

Beyond The Black Heart: The United States And Human Rights, Daniel J. Whelan

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

The United States and Human Rights: Looking Inward and Outward edited by David P. Forsythe. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. 404pp.

In Our Own Best Interest: How Defending Human Rights Benefits Us All by William F. Shultz. Boston: Beacon Press, 2001. 235pp.

In the National Interest, 2001: Human Rights Policies for the Bush Administration by the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights. New York: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 2001. 157pp.