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The American Challenge To International Law: A Tentative Framework For Debate, Harlan G. Cohen

Scholarly Works

The United States often appears hypocritical in its commitment to International Law. It supports Nuremberg, Yugoslavia, and Rwandan tribunals, but opposes the International Criminal Court. It supports the creation of the United Nations, but seeks unilateral action in Iraq. This Essay explores these seeming contradictions in American stances toward international law. It argues that while such apparent hypocrisy might be explained by mere pragmatism, ideas prevalent in American foreign policy history seem to point in a more dangerous direction, that such divergent actions may actually be informed by a coherent, specifically American conception of international law. In particular, this Essay …

“America's Greatest Criminal Barracks”: The Tombs And The Experience Of Criminal Justice In New York City, 1838-1897, Timothy J. Gilfoyle

History: Faculty Publications and Other Works

New York City's Halls of Justice, better known as “the Tombs,” was the physical representation of nineteenth-century criminal justice. Considered by many to be the most famous prison on the continent, the Tombs contained the entire corpus of criminal law: judges, juries, magistrates, attorneys, courtrooms, and cells of incarceration. The daily operation, living conditions, and organization of the Tombs departed sharply from nineteenth-century ideas of penal reform. The Tombs embodied an ideology more reminiscent of older, preindustrial forms of punishment—the absence of penal routine and labor; the lack of special diets; few prisoners locked in separate cells; and easy access …

Livelihood And Identity Constructions Of Somali Refugees In Cairo, Mulki Al-Sharmani

Faculty Journal Articles

Throughout its history, Cairo has hosted many foreigners and refugees. In the first half of the twentieth century the refugee population in Cairo consisted of Armenians, Palestinians, and Sudanese. Many of the Armenians have moved since then to other countries. More Palestinians and Sudanese have moved to Cairo in the second half of the century. In the last two decades, the refugee population has widened to include sizeable numbers of refugees from Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia as well as more Sudanese.1 In addition to being one of the drafting members, Egypt is a party to 1951 UN Convention relating to …

Institutional Capacity For Elder Service, Nancy Morrow-Howell, Jim Hinterlong, Michael Sherraden, Fengyan Tang, Prima Thirupathy, Madhura Nagchoudhuri

Center for Social Development Research

Given the demographic changes in our society and the positive effects of volunteering on older adults and on service recipients, service opportunities for older adults should be expanded. The development of institutions is a potentially powerful route to maximizing this potential. We propose five dimensions of institutional capacity, including expectation, access, information, incentive, and facilitation. Pilot data indicates that organizations offering service opportunities to older adults vary on these dimensions.

"Those Who Can Suffer The Most": Cultural And Religious Symbols Within Irish Republican Prison Protests, Betsy L. Morgan-Cutright

History Theses & Dissertations

Hunger striking was a powerful weapon used by the Irish Republican Army throughout the twentieth century. This study will attempt to answer the question of which specific symbols were visible during the prison protests and hunger strikes in Northern Ireland from 1976 to 1981. It will also address how such symbols relate to the cult of Irish Republican martyrdom and Catholicism.

Several symbols manifested themselves during this time period. Upon examination, a pattern emerges where two overriding yet contradictory themes were used far more frequently than any other. These two themes were those of traditional Irish Republicanism and Irish Catholicism, …

Medical Errors, Drug-Related Problems, And Medication Errors: A Literature Review On Quality Of Care And Cost Issues, Jane H. Lassetter, Myrna L. Warnick

Faculty Publications

Medical errors have received a great deal of attention in recent years. The phrase medical errors is an umbrella term for all errors that occur within the health care system, including mishandled surgeries, diagnostic errors, equipment failures, and medication errors. This article is a review and discussion of the literature on the scope of medical errors, with a focus on drug-related problems and medication errors. Cost and quality ideas for addressing these issues are provided.

Illinois State Alumni Magazine, Summer 2003, Illinois State University, University Marketing And Communications

State: The Magazine of Illinois State University (1999-present)

Illinois State University alumni magazine

Individual Development Accounts In Rural Communities: Implications For Research, Michal Grinstein-Weiss, Jami Curley

Center for Social Development Research

Individual Development Accounts in Rural Communities: Implications for Research

Assets In The Context Of Welfare Theory: A Developmentalist Interpretation, James Midgley

Center for Social Development Research

Although asset policies and programs are seldom linked to wider theoretical debates in social welfare, this paper contends that an understanding of these debates contextualizes asset interventions and clarifies underlying values and ideological beliefs. Contrasting different normative perspectives in contemporary social welfare theory, the paper suggests that developmentalism offers a congenial normative framework for asset programs. In this way, the wider goals of asset programs and their value implications may be explicated and comprehended.

Street Children In Egypt: Group Dynamics And Subcultural Constituents, Nashaat Hussein

Faculty Books

No abstract provided.

Context And Pretext In Conflict Resolution, Kevin Avruch

Journal of Dispute Resolution

In this essay, I want to reflect on some of the problems raised by context and pretext from a different angle. I want to first consider some aspects of the varied contexts in which conflict resolution and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) developed in the United States, particularly in the academy. Historically, there have been some differences between the two, partly evident in the different meanings of the notion of "dispute" adopted by theorists and practitioners. I then want to examine some of the underlying pretexts for doing this work, and some possible consequences-especially as we more frequently engage in the …

Correspondences And Contradictions In International And Domestic Conflict Resolution: Lessons From General Theory And Varied Contexts, Carrie Menkel-Meadow

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Does the field of conflict resolution have any broadly applicable theories that "work" across the different domains of international and domestic conflict? Or, are contexts, participants, and resources so "domain" specific and variable that only "thick descriptions" of particular contexts will do? These are important questions which have been plaguing me in this depressing time for conflict resolution professionals, from September 11, 2001 (9/11), to the war against Iraq. Have we learned anything about conflict resolution that really does improve our ability to describe, predict, and act to reduce unnecessary and harmful conflict? These are the questions I want to …

Adr Clause By Any Other Name Might Smell As Sweet: England's High Court Of Justice Queens Bench Attempts And Fails To Define What Is Not An Enforceable Adr Clause - Cable 7 & (And) Wireless Plc V. Ibm United Kingdom Ltd, An, Alyson Carrel

Journal of Dispute Resolution

The High Court of Justice Queens Bench Division in England issued a ruling that provides sweeping support for the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in private pre-dispute contract clauses.' While this support might seem to aid in developing the growing ADR movement in England, the judge may have put the cart before the horse by enforcing a non-descript and broad ADR contract clause that lacks the specificity needed to ensure a fair outcome. This decision could be detrimental for disputing parties and the future of the ADR movement itself.

Catalog 2003-2004, Saint Mary's College Of California

Academic Catalog

No abstract provided.

Breast Cancer - Preventive Care And Screening Patterns Among Hispanic Women In The Rio Grande Valley, Sreelatha Gobburu

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Although breast cancer rates are lower among Hispanic women than among white women, Hispanics are more likely to die from this disease. This may be related to the fact that Hispanic women are less likely to practice preventive care methods such as Breast Self Exam (BSE) and Mammography. Cultural beliefs and attitudes about diseases play a significant role in Hispanic health behavior. Access to and availability of medical services, affective reactions towards cancer screening and treatment methods, and socioeconomic and demographic factors are stronger determinants of health care practices of Hispanic women. This study examines screening patterns of Hispanic women …

Savings Outcomes Of Single Mothers In Individual Development Accounts, Min Zhan

Center for Social Development Research

This study examines savings outcomes of single mothers in Individual Development Accounts (IDAs), a structured savings program for the poor. Results indicate that low-income single mothers can save in IDAs. Results also show that participant characteristics, in general, have little impact on savings outcomes. Program variables such as monthly savings target and financial education are linked with savings. Policy implications are discussed.

The Struggle To Make Ends Meet: Teen Employment And The 1996 Federal Welfare Legislation, Shirley L. Porterfield, Anne E. Winkler

Center for Social Development Research

This study investigates the possibility that teens in more economically-disadvantaged families may have entered the labor market in response to the 1996 welfare legislation that replaced AFDC with TANF. Data are from the outgoing rotation groups of the Current Population Survey (CPS) from September 1995-May 1996 (pre-TANF) and from September 2000-May 2001 (post-TANF). To identify the policy's effect, we compare changes in the employment of teens in economically-disadvantaged families over the study period with changes in the employment of their more advantaged counterparts (a "difference-in-difference" methodology). We find that teen employment significantly increased among those in economically-disadvantaged families relative to …

Using Tax Refunds To Promote Asset Building In Low-Income Households: Program And Policy Options, Sondra G. Beverly, Colleen Dailey

Center for Social Development Research

Using Tax Refunds to Promote Asset Building in Low-Income Households: Program and Policy Options

Civic Service Worldwide: Social Development Goals And Partnerships, Amanda Moore Mcbride, Carlos Benítez, Kwofie Danso

Center for Social Development Research

Civic service is a long-term, intensive form of volunteering. This article reports on a global assessment of civic service, which identified 210 programs in 57 countries. Program goals and administrative partnerships suggest that civic service is a social development intervention. For civic service to achieve its potential, research is recommended regarding server inclusivity, goal accomplishment, and the nature and effect of partnerships.

Service Enquiry: Service In The 21st Century, Helene Perold, Susan Stroud, Michael Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

Service Enquiry: Service in the 21st Century

Toward Measurement Of Civic Service, Fengyan Tang, Amanda Moore Mcbride, Michael Sherraden

Center for Social Development Research

Toward Measurement of Civic Service

Disentangling The Dynamics Of Family Poverty And Child Disability: Does Disability Come First?, Shirley L. Porterfield, Colleen Tracey

Center for Social Development Research

Disentangling the Dynamics of Family Poverty and Child Disability: Does Disability Come First?

An Ethnographic Description Of Latino Immigration In Rural Arkansas: Intergroup Relations And Utilization Of Healthcare Services, Deborah O. Irwin

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Recent growth of Latino immigration in the rural south resulted in a 337 percent increase in the Latino population in Arkansas from 1990 to 2000 (Broadwater 2001; U.S. Census Bureau 2000). The purpose of this study was to examine perspectives of both the established non-Hispanic resident and new immigrant Latino regarding the "accommodation" processes occurring and the inherent changes both groups experience. This paper describes a rural/urban comparison of two issues: 1) intergroup relations between new Latino immigrants and the established non-Hispanic resident population, and 2) utilization of healthcare services by Latinos. Methods for this study included key informant interviews, …

Pines In Lines: Tree Planting, H2b Guest Workers, And Rural Poverty In Alabama, Josh Mcdaniel, Vanessa Casanova

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The southeastern United States has become the most important timber producing region in the country. Despite increases in productivity, questions remain regarding the industry's role in developing, or failing to develop, rural communities in many of the poorest areas of the South. This article examines the recruitment and employment of migrant and guest workers for forest management work, specifically tree planting and reforestation. Based on semi-structured interviews with 35 H2B guest workers and 18 labor contractors the article analyzes the linkages between forest management labor recruitment, poverty, local labor markets, and timber productivity in the State of Alabama. We describe …

Extension Services In The Transition From Post-Communist Agrarian Systems: The Case Of The Plant Protection Stations In Ukraine, Keith M. Moore, Edwin G. Rajotte, Charles Pitts, Igor Dolinniy, Olena Cholovska

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This paper addresses the transition of Ukrainian Plant Protection Stations (PPS) from technical agencies in the Soviet command economy to a public service for farmers in an emerging market economy. It opens with an overview of the circulation of agricultural knowledge and information in Soviet agriculture. During the transition, the fundamental knowledge-based problem for agricultural sector actors has been to recognize distinct private and public sectors which balance market incentives with the maintenance of social welfare and allow for adaptive decision-making with respect to technical, environmental, social, and financial trade-offs. Two annual surveys of plant protection stakeholders designed to improve …

Mexican Immigrant Communities In The South And Social Capital: The Case Of Dalton, Georgia, Rubén Hernández-León, Victor Zúñiga

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

During the 1990s, the South became a major new destination for Mexican and other Latino settled immigration. This paper contends that as Mexican immigrants have moved in sizable numbers to atypical destinations, they have also mobilized social capital and funds of knowledge from the historical concentrations of Latino settlement (i.e., Los Angeles and Chicago) to new areas, such as the South. Using qualitative and descriptive quantitative data collected in Dalton, Georgia, a small city located in the southern Appalachia region, this article shows how previously accumulated social capital and funds of knowledge are facilitating settlement with collective and individual level …

From Goldschmidt To Globalization: The Southern Model And Rural Development, Douglas H. Constance

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

2003 SRSA Presidential Address

Using Large-Scale Research To Gauge The Impact Of Instructional Practices On Student Reading Comprehension: An Exploratory Study, Harold Wenglinsky

Education Policy Analysis Archives (EPAA)

… The current study explores the possibility of using large-scale data and methods to study classroom practices in reading comprehension. It finds that such studies are both feasible and necessary. ...

Camas Calientes: Housing Adjustments And Barriers To Social And Economic Adaptation Among Georgia's Rural Latinos, Jorge H. Atiles, Stephanie A. Bohon

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

We examined conditions among Latinos in rural Georgia, using Morris and Winter's (1978) model for housing adjustment and adaptation, in order to develop a framework for extending the segmented assimilation model into the literature on residential assimilation. Morris and Winter's model is predicated on the notion that persons who suffer from multiple normative deficits will deviate from housing norms. We argue that significant deviations from housing norm's may lead to delayed incorporation or, at worst, downward assimilation. Using unstructured interviews with key informants and focus groups with Latino residents in four rural counties, we find that Latino immigrants in rural …

Latinos In The South: A Glimpse Of Ongoing Trends And Research, Rogelio Saenz, Katherine M. Donato, Lourdes Gouveia, Cruz Torres

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Since the late 1980s, there has been a tremendous amount of reshifting in the Latino population of the United States. This movement has resulted in the increasing settlement of Latinos in areas of the country that have historically not had Latino populations, particularly in rural settings. In particular, areas in the South and Midwest have experienced significant growth in the Latino population. This article provides an overview of this growth in the South using data from the 1990 and 2000 censuses. In addition, the article provides a brief description of the accompanying articles that are featured in this special issue …