Digital Commons Network^™

Public Diplomacy And The Transformation Of International Broadcasting, Monroe Price

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Distinguishing The Derivative From The Transformative: Expanding Market-Based Inquiries In Fair Use Adjudications, Tracey Topper Gonzalez

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents - Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal, Vol. 21, Iss. 2-3

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Copying For Religious Reasons: A Comment On Principles Of Copyright And Religious Freedom, Thomas C. Berg

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Ucita, Copyright, And Capture, Deborah Tussey

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Out Of The "Troubles" And Into Rights: Protection For Gays, Lesbians, And Bisexuals In Northern Ireland Through Equality Legislation In The Belfast Agreement, Mckenzie A. Livingston

Fordham International Law Journal

Part I of this Note explores the history of LGB rights in Northern Ireland, focusing on the development of domestic equality legislation stemming from the recent peace process. Part II examines the statutory framework of this legislation, concentrating on what protections and rights it provides for sexual minorities in Northern Ireland. Part II also looks at a recent European Directive prohibiting discrimination against LGB persons in employment. Part III argues that for truly effective change to occur, LGB individuals need both policy-based and rights-based legislation encompassing the human rights principles of equality and non-discrimination. Part III further argues that the …

Puerto Rico Pandemonium: The Commonwealth Constitution And The Compact-Colony Conundrum, Jason Adolfo Otaño

Fordham International Law Journal

This Note will consider the historical background of the compact-colony conundrum and examine the development of self-determination in international law and democracy in the Americas in order to bring to light a new forum for this question. Part I will discuss the historical background necessary in examining this conflict. Part II analyzes the formation of a constitutional government in Puerto Rico, and the reaction of the international and Inter-American communities. Part III argues that Puerto Rico is still a colony of the United States and thus U.S.-P.R. relations violate international and Inter-American law.

The Obstacles To Regulating The Hawala: A Cultural Norm Or A Terrorist Hotbed? , Rachana Pathak

Fordham International Law Journal

This Note examines the complex mechanics of hawala networks. Part I provides information regarding their origins, scope and reasons for continued existence. Part II contrasts the U.S. approach to regulating hawala networks through the USA PATRIOT Act and Operation Green Quest, with the U.A.E.'s approach, which is resistant to some of the American-led efforts. Part II also reviews three separate Green Quest actions: 1) Al Barakaat, an expansive Somalia-based organization through which Somalia's diaspora sent cash to families abroad; 2) Hussein Alshafei, an Iraqi American, who operated a money service business to Iraq; and 3) Mohammed Albanna, a Yemeni-American, based …

Identification Of A Minimal Promoter Sequence For The Human N-Acetyltransferase Type I Gene That Binds Ap-1 (Activator Protein 1) And Yy-1 (Yin And Yang 1), Neville J. Butcher, Ajanthy Arulpragasam, Catherine Pope, Rodney F. Minchin

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Human N-acetyltransferase Type I (NAT1) catalyses the acetylation of many aromatic amine and hydrazine compounds and it has been implicated in the catabolism of folic acid. The enzyme is widely expressed in the body, although there are considerable differences in the level of activity between tissues. A search of the mRNA databases revealed the presence of several NAT1 transcripts in human tissue that appear to be derived from different promoters. Because little is known about NAT1 gene regulation, the present study was undertaken to characterize one of the putative promoter sequences of the NAT1 gene located just upstream of …

When The Endowment Tanks: Some Lessons For Nonprofits, Jeffrey J. Haas

Other Publications

No abstract provided.

Genetic And Molecular Factors In The Aetio-Pathogenesis Of Pancreatitis In Humans, Mark Timothy Cartmell

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Both acute (AP) and chronic (CP) pancreatitis are complex diseases, with a number of aetiologies and complex pathogeneses. A number of contributing factors are assessed here. Genetic studies were performed looking at a high activity polymorphism of the alcohol metabolising enzyme cytochrome P450 2E l. Assessing a role in alcohol abuse and end organ disease; alcohol abusers (n= 239) and controls (n= 208) were studied. A significantly lower number of alcohol consumers (2.1 %) had the polymorphism than controls (5.8%); p= 0.049, Fisher's exact test. Any association with end organ disease could not be further elucidated due to the rarity …

An Investigation Of T Cell Dysregulation In B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia, Sophie Grace Scrivener

Other Faculty of Health Theses

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) is characterized by an accumulation of clonal malignant B cells within lymphoid tissue, the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. Whilst abnormalities of these B cells are the essential cause of this disease, the aim of this research project was to investigate whether the T cell compartment may play a role in the aetiology of this disease by evaluating the expression of key surface antigens involved in both activation of and interaction with B cells and other antigen presenting cells of the immune system. There were marked abnormalities in the expression of certain key activation …

A Study Of The Molecular Genetics Of Renal Cell Carcinoma In Man, Martin Ollerenshaw

Other Faculty of Health Theses

The aim was to measure the expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1-α (HJF-lα), glucose transporter one (GLUT-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms 165 and 189 mRNA in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients with RCC underwent radical nephrectomy at Derriford Hospital, Plymouth. Tumour as well as matched normal tissue from the kidney was harvested, snap frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen, and used to quantitate VEGF 165, VEGF 189, GLUT-1 and HJF-1α mRNA expression using ribonuclease protection assays, and quantified using a Phosphor-imager system. The VEGF 165 isoform was increased in the tumour tissue in comparison …

Shari'ah, Democracy, And The Modern Nation-State: Some Reflections On Islam, Popular Rule, And Pluralism, Sherman A. Jackson

Fordham International Law Journal

In this article, the author examines two considerations that are critical to a full and meaningful assessment of the degree to which Islam, and Islamic law in particular, can find authentic expressions of themselves under what may reasonably be considered a democratic form of government. The first of these has to do with the scope of Islamic law, or more properly, the scope of the interpretive authority of Muslim jurists, and whether a State that is governed by Shari‘ah must necessarily give priority to the views of religious scholars over those of all others in every aspect of life. Does …

Women In Shari'ah Courts: A Historical And Methodological Discussion, Amira Sonbol

Fordham International Law Journal

This Article focuses on qadis and courts before modern legal reforms with particular emphasis on the life of women and their interaction with the courts. A number of issues will be discussed and points made pertaining to the laws and madhahib [Islamic legal schools] applied in courts, the hierarchies and roles of qadis, and the accessibility of the legal system and knowledge of court procedures to the general public. Court culture, personnel, and record-keeping will also be discussed, as will the philosophy behind the law. The author hopes to illustrate that a viable court system existed before modernization. Although precedent …

Beyond The Charter: How Enlargement Has Enlarged The Human Rights Policy Of The European Union, Gráinne De Búrca

Fordham International Law Journal

The contention of this Article, however, is that a number of other developments have taken place which--in mostly unanticipated ways--may lead to more significant change in the scope and shape of EU human rights policy than the Charter alone. In particular, two developments have combined in recent years to open the way for a more general and comprehensive human rights policy which, while less concerned with the contentious competence and justiciability debates generated by the Charter, is already beginning to manifest itself in interesting ways. The first of these developments was the shaping of a more principled and graduated crisis …

The Constitution Of North Korea: Its Changes And Implications, Dae-Kyu Yoon

Fordham International Law Journal

Though a departure from mainstream socialist States, a glimpse of North Korea's Constitution can still provide observers with an understanding of how North Korea has undergone and responded to social changes and vicissitudes. Hence, this Essay sets out to do a number of things. First, this study succinctly examines the nature and status of law in North Korea. Second, it reviews the country's constitutional history in sequence, and then, provides a more in depth look into the characteristics of the current Constitution. Conclusions are then drawn from this examination. The goal of this Essay is not to describe the principles …

The Trial Of Saddam Hussein: What Kind Of Court Should Prosecute Saddam Hussein And Others For Human Rights Abuses, Justice Richard Goldstone

Fordham International Law Journal

The capture of Saddam Hussein alive is of course a cause for rejoicing. His crimes were massive. He left hundreds of thousands of victims in Iraq; the Shiites who dared to oppose him, the Kurds against whom he committed a most terrible genocide. The question now and the subject of this talk is what to do in order to bring him justice. Having captured him and some of his chief lieutenants, how should they be brought to justice? Broadly speaking, there are four options. The first is a wholly domestic trial in Baghdad before Iraqi judges. The second option would …

The Caribbean Court Of Justice: Enhancing The Law Of International Organizations, Sheldon A. Mcdonald

Fordham International Law Journal

This Article will consider the following: Part I will discuss some general issues concerning dispute settlement internationally. Part II discuss dispute settlement systems in the Regional Economic Groupings, including the World Trade Organization ("WTO") (as evidenced in the infamous "Banana Dispute") and the future Free Trade Area of the Americas ("FTAA"), given that the Revised Treaty will be notified under article XXIV of the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs 1994 and will presumably be accepted as being consistent with the understanding thereunder. Part III will examine the Role of the CCJ as the judicial organ of CARICOM and the …

Mercosure, The Free Trade Area Of The Americas, And The Future Of U.S. Hegemony In Latin America, Dr. Mario E. Carranza

Fordham International Law Journal

The purpose of this Article is to examine U.S. hegemony in Latin America by looking at the impact of the Free Trade Area of the Americas ("FTAA") negotiations on U.S.-Latin American relations. Does the FTAA process confirm the claim that "since World War II ... the general trend has always been for the United States to exert a great degree of influence over Latin American countries..."? Does it mark the beginning of a new, more balanced relationship between the United States and Latin America, a mature partnership based on reciprocity, mutuality of interests and mutual respect? Alternatively, are the United …

Foreign Language Teacher Education And Technology: Bridging The Gap, Aleidine Kramer Moeller, Hyesung Park

Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education: Faculty Publications

Modeling a computer supported learning environment in teacher education can result in teachers who are "far more confident, skilled, and motivated to use computers with their own students" (Johnson, 2002). According to Johnson (2002) evidence is beginning to confirm that such modeling" is most effective in preparing teachers to integrate technology into their classroom" (p.74). A review of the literature on instructional technology (IT) and teacher education concluded (Willis & Mehlinger, 1996) :

Most pre-service teachers know very little about effective use of technology in education and leaders believe there is a pressing need to increase substantially the amount and …

Avid: A Comprehensive School Reform Model For Texas, Karen M. Watt, Darlene Yanez, Griselda Cossio

Organization and School Leadership Faculty Publications

The implementation of a recent comprehensive school reform effort in the state of Texas bas been examined in this article. The effort, Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID), was studied in-depth over the two-year implementation period through school visits, observations, stakeholder interviews, and student performance data analysis. Main findings revealed that through proper implementation (strong instructional leadership, using AVID strategies school-wide, and staff development), underachieving, economically disadvantaged, ethnic minority students can succeed in a rigorous curriculum. AVID is a catalyst for school-wide reform; AVID addresses and influences school policies that can be barriers to student success; AVID is a pathway to …

The New Economic Credentialing: Protecting Hospitals From Competition By Medical Staff Members, Elizabeth Weeks

Scholarly Works

This Article addresses hospitals' use of economic criteria to determine a physician's qualifications for staff privileges. Hospitals are resorting to economic conflict-of-interest credentialing policies in an attempt to ensure physicians' loyalty and mantain their own economic viability. Physicians, however, argue that entrepenurial activities are necessary for them to meet the economic challenges posed by declining reimbursement and rising insurance costs. This Article surveys the numerous legal theories that litigants and enforcement authorities could employ in attacking these new types of credentialing policies. The Article concludes that, in most jurisdictions, hospitals should be able to implement their policies in ways that …

The Contribution Of Education, Experience, And Personal Characteristics On The Reflective Judgment Of Students Preparing For School Administration, Margaret Rae Macdonald

Dissertations

Problem. School administrators must use high levels of reasoning to deal with the complexities of today's educational system. Reflective thinking has proven to be an effective administrative tool in problem solving, staff supervision, and school improvement, yet preparation programs for school administrators have limited knowledge about what contributes to reflective judgment in their students, thus making it difficult to develop curriculum and pedagogy to enhance reflection.

Method. The Reflective Judgment Model provides the theoretical framework for this mixed methods research design that explores contributory variables that contribute to the reflective judgment of educational leadership students. The Reasoning about Current …

The Effects Of Cooperative Learning Versus Traditional Classroom Instruction On Cognitive Achievement, Critical Thinking, And Attitudes Toward Learning In Teams In A Physician Assistant Program, Scott L. Massey

Dissertations

Problem. Physician assistants are required to possess critical thinking skills and excellent intellectual skills to achieve the level of autonomy expected by supervising physicians. No scientific research has been identified to determine the most effective means of educating the physician assistant students. The purpose of the research study was to determine whether a statistical difference exists between students educated in a cooperative learning environment versus a traditional lecture environment. The dependent variable utilized in this study included critical thinking skills, cognitive achievement, and attitudes towards learning in teams. Using an experimental research design, students were educated in a cooperative learning …

Intention To Pursue Post-Secondary Education, And Related Factors, Among Jamaican Senior High School Students, Teran T. Milford

Dissertations

Purpose of the Study. The proportion of female students in post-secondary schools in Jamaica is approximately twice that of their male counterpart. This is in contrast to the observation that the proportion of male and female students in elementary and secondary schools is about the same. Little or no studies have been conducted to examine factors related to the disproportion of male and female students in tertiary institutions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the perception of senior high school students regarding their intention to pursue post-secondary education, and to determine the extent to which the value …

Fixing The Hole In The Pipe : Moving Beyond Prereferral Toward Changing The System, Jean T. Papandrea

Dissertations

Problem

Too many students in school districts across the nation fail and are inappropriately referred for special education classification and services, when, in reality, they are not disabled, but are casualties of systems that do not have appropriate instructional intervention and support systems in place. This study explores the outcomes of an Instructional Support system called the 7 SHARE Initiative. Essential system components are: (a) Instructional Support Teachers (ISTs) in each school, (b) Curriculum-Based Assessment as developed by Edward E. Gickling, (c) direct instruction of strategies to students, and (d) modeling strategies for teachers to implement in class-wide applications.

Method …

Job Satisfaction And Its Relationship To Organizational Commitment And Religious Commitment For Andrews University Employees, Ralph Schroder

Dissertations

Problem. Relatively few studies have examined job satisfaction and its intrinsic and extrinsic facets for religious private universities. Andrews University seems to benefit from an identification of factors contributing to job satisfaction, and a measurement of its employees’ organizational and religious commitment. This study can clarify whether religious commitment has a potentially mediating effect on the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

Method. As part of this quantitative research study a survey questionnaire was mailed out to all 976 Andrews University employees’ which measured levels of overall, intrinsic, and extrinsic job satisfaction as well as organizational and religious commitment. …

The Phenomenon Of Woman-On-Woman Abuse And Its Relationship To Gender Profile And Personal Experiences Of Women, Deborah Johnson Spence

Dissertations

Purpose of the Study. Female-on-female aggression is often inferred, or drawn from studies conducted with children or males. Little or no information is available that reports behaviors perceived as mistreatment or abuse among women. The purposes of this study were to investigate (a) behaviors demonstrated by women that women consider abuse or mistreatment; (b) the extent to which these perceptions of abuse/mistreatment were related to gender profiles; and (c) the extent to which personal experiences as victims or perpetrators of abuse were related to age, race, and education.

Method. This study used the survey research method in which questionnaires …

The Impact Of Early-Intervention/Prevention Services On The Northville Public Schools, Robert O. Sornson

Dissertations

Problem

Whereas some school districts have continued to observe high rates of reading failure and increasing rates of special education identification, others have looked at program or system changes to reduce early learning failure. This study is an analysis of the impact of early intervention practices in the elementary schools of an upper-middle-class community.

Method

Cost analyses of district programs were compared to a hypothetical district with state average levels of special education identification. Special Education eligibility rates were tracked over a 10-year period. Data were collected from surveys given to Instructional-Support Team personnel, general education teachers, elementary administrators, and …