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2003

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Breastfeeding Best Practice Guidelines For Nurses, Registered Nurses' Association Of Ontario Jan 2003

Breastfeeding Best Practice Guidelines For Nurses, Registered Nurses' Association Of Ontario

General Submissions: Community and Population-based Materials

The purpose of this guideline is to improve breastfeeding outcomes for mothers and infants, to assist practitioners to apply the best available research evidence to clinical decisions, and to promote the responsible use of health care resources.


Evaluation Of Government Interventions In Ghana's Forest Product Trade: A Post-Intervention Impact Assessment And Perceptions Of Marketing Implications, Ben Nathan Donkor Jan 2003

Evaluation Of Government Interventions In Ghana's Forest Product Trade: A Post-Intervention Impact Assessment And Perceptions Of Marketing Implications, Ben Nathan Donkor

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Since the mid 1990s Ghana's forestry sector has been going through reforms geared towards achieving the ITTO Year 2000 Objective for sustainable forest management and forest product trade. The reforms were partly introduced through legal approaches and also through activities under a long-term Forestry Sector Development Master Plan. The legal approaches mainly dealt with strengthening of sector institutions to effectively carry out forest concession administration and management, stumpage fee increases and more punitive actions against forest offences. Reforms with more direct impact on forest product export trade came through the implementation of the Forestry Sector Development Master Plan - reduction …


Chemical Coupling In Wood-Polymer Composites, Ziqiang Lu Jan 2003

Chemical Coupling In Wood-Polymer Composites, Ziqiang Lu

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Chemical coupling plays an important role in improving interfacial bonding strength in wood-polymer composites. In this study, the effects of coupling agent type and structure, graft polymerization of coupling agents, interfacial wettability, coupling treatment and process, coupling agent distribution, and coupling agent performance on chemical coupling were investigated. Coupling mechanisms were established based on maleated polyethylene copolymers. For maleated wood veneer, the relationship among graft rate, concentration, and retention of coupling agent followed three-dimensional parabloid models. Wettability of maleated wood surface was related to acid number, amount of free or ungrafted maleic anhydride groups, and coupling agent concentration. Dynamic contact …


Reticent Romans: Silence And Writing In La Vie De Saint Alexis, Le Conte Du Graal, And Le Roman De Silence, Evan J. Bibbee Jan 2003

Reticent Romans: Silence And Writing In La Vie De Saint Alexis, Le Conte Du Graal, And Le Roman De Silence, Evan J. Bibbee

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Apart from discourse and yet somehow part of it, silence is a powerfully ambiguous linguistic phenomenon that blurs the lines between presence and absence. Eluding the material aspects of oral and written language, it is only perceptible as the gaps or spaces between words. Nonetheless, it plays a role in all linguistic productions: although silence itself cannot be directly communicated, it can influence communication. In a literary text, silence may takes on many different guises, including rhythmic hesitations, rhetorical omissions, and poetic oppositions that mimic the audible gaps of spoken language. The visual, aural, and fictional interaction of all these …


Perceptions Of Stereotypes In Hispanic Children's Literature, Nancy Gomez Jan 2003

Perceptions Of Stereotypes In Hispanic Children's Literature, Nancy Gomez

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study attempted to determine the accurateness of the representation of the Hispanic culture in children’s books. I interviewed ten people: five non-Hispanic and five Hispanic, and I found that the Hispanic people do not seem to pay as much attention to physical features as non-Hispanic people do. However, they were concerned about the portrayal of the Hispanic culture in traditional ways: the traditional roles of women, the traditional dress, the architecture of the houses and the portrayal of the Hispanic people living in rural areas and being extremely poor. It appears that from the timeline covered by the books, …


Evaluation: Step-By-Step To Claiming The Value In Educational Programs By The Process Of Evaluation - Trainer Handbook, Elizabeth J. Sandell Jan 2003

Evaluation: Step-By-Step To Claiming The Value In Educational Programs By The Process Of Evaluation - Trainer Handbook, Elizabeth J. Sandell

Elementary and Literacy Education Department Publications

This eVALUation training is designed to help you be a successful program evaluator.  It includes information about how to: define "program evaluation" for the programs with which you work.  define basic steps in designing and implementing program evaluation. name results or outcomes for your programs.  know different ways to collect information for program evaluation.  determine methods to use to measure results or outcomes for your program. outline a report to answer questions of groups who invest in your program.


De La Page D'Écriture Et Du Mythe De L'Ancêtre Rebelle: La Problématique De L'Écrite Et De La Parole Dans Le Roman Francophone Ouest Africain, Boubakary Diakite Jan 2003

De La Page D'Écriture Et Du Mythe De L'Ancêtre Rebelle: La Problématique De L'Écrite Et De La Parole Dans Le Roman Francophone Ouest Africain, Boubakary Diakite

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The aim of this dissertation is to question the concept of orality as the natural expression of ancestors in African novels and press for a reading of West African writers, which values their fictional creation as autonomous from their cultural origins. The main purpose of this study is to examine, through series of close textual readings, how francophone West African novels distance themselves from oral tradition by fully assuming literacy as a characteristic of the post-colonial Africa. The first chapter attempts a redefinition of orality, as only a critical discourse aimed at translating the complexity and the suspected hybridity of …


Deficit Politics And Democratic Unity: The Saga Of Tip O'Neill, Jim Wright, And The Conservative Democrats In The House Of Representatives During The Reagand Era, Karl Gerard Brandt Jan 2003

Deficit Politics And Democratic Unity: The Saga Of Tip O'Neill, Jim Wright, And The Conservative Democrats In The House Of Representatives During The Reagand Era, Karl Gerard Brandt

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The Reagan Era featured partisan clashes, controversy over fiscal policy, and a time of trial for the Democratic Party and its claim of diversity. This dissertation examines the efforts of the House Democratic Leadership to build party unity and to enhance its operating methods in battles with the Reagan administration over fiscal policy and the future of the United States. The House Democratic Leadership was challenged by the conservative Democrats. In 1980, the conservatives formed the Conservative Democratic Forum (CDF). Acting as a quasi-third party, the CDF was instrumental in passage of Reagan's economic program in 1981. Afterwards, the CDF …


Culture Care Of Puerto Rican Elderly In A Community Setting, Rosemary Schleicher Fliszar Jan 2003

Culture Care Of Puerto Rican Elderly In A Community Setting, Rosemary Schleicher Fliszar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this ethnonursing study was to discover the culture care meanings, beliefs, expressions, and practices of urban elderly Puerto Ricans residing in a mid-sized community. The Culture Care Theory was used as the guiding framework in studying the domain of inquiry: the discovery of the meanings and practices of generic care and professional health care of elderly community dwelling Puerto Ricans. The qualitative research method used for this study was the ethnonursing research method. Twelve key informants and twenty-one general informants were interviewed. Four themes were extracted from analysis of the data, and patterns to support the themes …


The Impact Of Whole-Plant Instruction Preservice Elementary Teachers' Understanding Of Plant Science Principles, Christine Collins Hypolite Jan 2003

The Impact Of Whole-Plant Instruction Preservice Elementary Teachers' Understanding Of Plant Science Principles, Christine Collins Hypolite

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to determine how an inquiry-based, whole-plant instructional strategy would affect preservice elementary teachers’ understanding of plant science principles. This study probed: what preservice teachers know about plant biology concepts before and after instruction, their views of the interrelatedness of plant parts and the environment, how growing a plant affects preservice teachers’ understanding, and which types of activity-rich plant themes studies, if any, affect preservice elementary teachers’ understandings. The participants in the study were enrolled in two elementary science methods class sections at a state university. Each group was administered a preinstructional test at the …


A Mediated Hierarchical Regression Analysis Of Factors Related To Research Productivity Of Human Resource Education And Workforce Development Postsecondary Faculty, Heather Anne Williams Jan 2003

A Mediated Hierarchical Regression Analysis Of Factors Related To Research Productivity Of Human Resource Education And Workforce Development Postsecondary Faculty, Heather Anne Williams

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study described Human Resource Education and Development Faculty; their research productivity, satisfaction with instructional duties and other related job factors, and opinion of emphasis on research/teaching at their employing institutions; analyzed differences between faculty members’ actual time spent and preferred time spent through the use of t-tests; and determined if selected factors drive research productivity measured as a career research productivity score, a recent research productivity score, and time spent in research through the use of mediated hierarchical regression. The study utilized two NCES data sets derived from the 1992-93 and 1998-99 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty surveys. HRED …


"All Hayll, All Hayll, Both Blithe And Glad": Direct Address In Early English Drama, 1400-1585, Michelle Markey Butler Jan 2003

"All Hayll, All Hayll, Both Blithe And Glad": Direct Address In Early English Drama, 1400-1585, Michelle Markey Butler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation examines direct address in English drama from 1400 to 1585. All 91 non-fragmentary plays from this period were used in order to enable a comprehensive understanding of the technique. While direct address is widely acknowledged as a fundamental technique in early English drama, it is almost never studied, its effects and functions being assumed to be 'obvious' and 'natural,' and therefore neither requiring nor meriting focused consideration. This study shows that direct address was used systematically in early drama, and its effects could be quite sophisticated. To see this, it is crucial to consider the use of rhetorical …


Psychosocial Predictors Of Dietary Fat Reduction: The Role Of Stress And The Transtheroetical Model In A Dietary Intervention, Jennifer L. Francis Jan 2003

Psychosocial Predictors Of Dietary Fat Reduction: The Role Of Stress And The Transtheroetical Model In A Dietary Intervention, Jennifer L. Francis

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Dietary fat is related to cardiovascular disease and numerous intensive, controlled clinical trials have successfully reduced dietary fat in symptomatic populations. However, there has been less success in large, community-based studies with healthy or mildly at-risk populations. Little is known about predictors associated with actual change in dietary fat intake and this is an important omission because dietary interventions are more likely to be successful if they are based on factors known to influence behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosocial predictors of dietary fat and dietary fat reduction through the framework of the transtheoretical model …


Identifying Skills Needed By Office Information Systems Graduates In The Changing Work Environment: Perceptions Of Administrative Support Occupations Workers, Margaret Sepulvado Kilcoyne Jan 2003

Identifying Skills Needed By Office Information Systems Graduates In The Changing Work Environment: Perceptions Of Administrative Support Occupations Workers, Margaret Sepulvado Kilcoyne

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study sought to identify the skills that need to be taught in an associate degree program for office information systems. Specifically, the researcher sought to determine the importance of skills needed by office information systems/ administration graduates with implications for curricular revision. One hundred and fifty-seven members of the International Association of Administrative Professionals in the states of Louisiana, Mississippi, and East Texas including the Houston, Texas area participated in this study. Findings indicated that the participants perceived 109 (85%) of the job skill items to be important, very important, or extremely important in the performance of their jobs. …


A Signaling Theory Of Human Rights Compliance, David H. Moore Jan 2003

A Signaling Theory Of Human Rights Compliance, David H. Moore

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.


Matthaeus Pipelare's "Fors Seulement Chanson (Ii)" And Its Related Motet And Mass Performance Editions And Commentary, George H. Black, Jr. Jan 2003

Matthaeus Pipelare's "Fors Seulement Chanson (Ii)" And Its Related Motet And Mass Performance Editions And Commentary, George H. Black, Jr.

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Matthaeus Pipelare was a composer from the southern Netherlands who flourished in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Except for the little more than two years he spent as choirmaster for the Confraternity associated with the Cathedral of St. John in 's Hertogenbosch, located in Northern Brabant, almost nothing is known of his professional or personal life. Yet writers of the period hailed his skill and placed him in the same company as such well-known composers as Josquin, la Rue, Brumel, and Isaac. A small but excellent body of the composer's works survive in manuscripts and early prints housed …


Southern Opposition To Civil Rights In The United States Senate: A Tactical And Ideological Analysis, 1938-1965, Keith M. Finley Jan 2003

Southern Opposition To Civil Rights In The United States Senate: A Tactical And Ideological Analysis, 1938-1965, Keith M. Finley

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Contrary to many historical accounts that depict white resistance to civil rights legislation in the United States Senate as relying exclusively on filibusters and overt racism, southern senators adopted a more moderate approach in the late 1930s when they realized that civil rights activism would continue until Jim Crow collapsed. Following strategic delay, a tactical model that enabled them to thwart civil rights advances for decades, they granted minor concessions on bills only tangentially related to civil rights and emasculated more substantive measures, rather than always utilizing the filibuster. The level of northern support for a given civil rights proposal …


A Performance Edition Of The Opera Kaspar Der Fagottist By Wenzel Müller (1767-1835), As Arranged For Harmonie By Georg Druschetzky (1745-1819), Susan Nita Barber Jan 2003

A Performance Edition Of The Opera Kaspar Der Fagottist By Wenzel Müller (1767-1835), As Arranged For Harmonie By Georg Druschetzky (1745-1819), Susan Nita Barber

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This document contains a score of the opera transcription for Harmonie that has been compiled from a manuscript collection currently in the holdings of the Helikon Castle Museum Library in Keszthely, Hungary (H KE 0/117) and arranged by Georg Druschetzky, Bohemian-born oboist and regimental drummer, who spent the major portion of his career working in the small geographical area of Bratislava, Vienna and Budapest. The most significant portion of this collection is extracted from Müller's opera Kaspar der Fagottist. This constitutes the last 15 arias found in Druschetzky's arranged collection of 42 Arias mentioned previously. Included is a presentation of …


The Transcendental Eigenvalue Problem And Its Application In System Identification, Kumar Vikram Singh Jan 2003

The Transcendental Eigenvalue Problem And Its Application In System Identification, Kumar Vikram Singh

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

An accurate mathematical model is needed to solve direct and inverse problems related to engineering analysis and design. Inverse problems of identifying the physical parameters of a non-uniform continuous system based on the spectral data are still unsolved. Traditional methods, for the system identification purpose, describe the continuous structure by a certain discrete model. In dynamic analysis, finite element or finite difference approximation methods are frequently used and they lead to an algebraic eigenvalue problem. The characteristic equation associated with the algebraic eigenvalue problem is a polynomial. Whereas, the spectral characteristic of a continuous system is represented by certain transcendental …


Quality Of Life Dimensions For Adults With Developmental Disabilities, Kathleen Sheppard-Jones Jan 2003

Quality Of Life Dimensions For Adults With Developmental Disabilities, Kathleen Sheppard-Jones

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Quality of life is a phrase that most people are familiar with, regardless of whether or not they can define it. Much research has been conducted across disciplines in an effort to explain the construct. As human service programs become more focused on outcomes, there is greater interest in measuring quality of life as an indicator of service quality and success. This study was designed to test whether or not quality of life differences exist between adults with developmental disabilities and the general population at an item, scale, and composite level. The quality of life dimensions that were tested included …


Issues In The Control Of Halfspace Systems, Ramprasad Potluri Jan 2003

Issues In The Control Of Halfspace Systems, Ramprasad Potluri

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

By the name HALFSPACE SYSTEMS, this dissertation refers to systems whose dynamics are modeled by linear constraints of the form Exk+1 <= Fxk + Buk (where E, F 2 andlt;mn, B 2 andlt;mp). This dissertation explores the concepts of BOUNDEDNESS, STABILITY, IRREDUNDANCY, and MAINTAINABILITY (which is the same as REACHABILITY OF A TARGET TUBE) that are related to the control of halfspace systems. Given that a halfspace system is bounded, and that a given static target tube is reachable for this system, this dissertation presents algorithms to MAINTAIN the system in this target tube. A DIFFERENCE INCLUSION has the form xk+1 = Axk + Buuk, where xk, xk+1 2 andlt;n, uk 2 andlt;p, A 2 andlt;nn, Bu 2 andlt;np, Ai 2 andlt;nn, Bj 2 andlt;np, and A and Bu belong to the convex hulls of (A1,A2, . . . ,Aq) and (B1, B2, . . . , Br) respectively. This dissertation investigates the possibility that halfspace systems have equivalent difference inclusion representation for the case of uk = 0. An affirmitive result in this direction may make it possible to apply to halfspace systems the control theory that exists for difference inclusions.


Origins Of Isoprenoid Diversity: A Study Of Structure-Function Relationships In Sesquiterpene Synthases, Bryan T. Greenhagen Jan 2003

Origins Of Isoprenoid Diversity: A Study Of Structure-Function Relationships In Sesquiterpene Synthases, Bryan T. Greenhagen

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Plant sesquiterpene synthases catalyze the conversion of the linear substrate farnesyl diphosphate, FPP, into a remarkable array of secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites in turn mediate a number of important interactions between plants and their environment, such as plant-plant, plant-insect and plant-pathogen interactions. Given the relative biological importance of sesquiterpenes and their use in numerous practical applications, the current thesis was directed towards developing a better understanding of the mechanisms employed by sesquiterpene synthases in the biosynthesis of such a diverse class of compounds. Substrate preference for sesquiterpene synthases initially isolated from Nicotiana tabacum (TEAS), Hyoscyamus muticus (HPS) and Artemisia …


The Impact Of Tech Prep On Community College Readiness In Michigan, Patrick J. Nedry Jan 2003

The Impact Of Tech Prep On Community College Readiness In Michigan, Patrick J. Nedry

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Tech Prep programming was introduced in Michigan in 1987 to improve the academic skills of high school students when they enter a Michigan community college. Over $44,000,000 had been spent on Tech Prep programming in Michigan since 1991, and there had been little evaluation of the effort in its impact on academic achievement. This study was designed to determine if Tech Prep programming had been effective in reducing remediation rates in Michigan community colleges. The research was an ex post facto study that examined the relationships and predictability of Tech Prep programming on high school and college readiness in Michigan …


Nanocomposites Based On Poly (Ε-Caprolactone) (Pcl)/Clay Hybrid: Polystyrene, High Impact Polystyrene, Abs, Polypropylene And Polyethylene, Xiaoxia Zheng, Charles A. Wilkie Jan 2003

Nanocomposites Based On Poly (Ε-Caprolactone) (Pcl)/Clay Hybrid: Polystyrene, High Impact Polystyrene, Abs, Polypropylene And Polyethylene, Xiaoxia Zheng, Charles A. Wilkie

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Nanocomposites of polystyrene, high impact polystyrene, acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terploymer, polypropylene and polyethylene have been prepared using an organically-modified clay that contains polycaprolactone—PCL-modified clay. Depending upon the mode of preparation of the PCL-modified clay, all three types of nanocomposites, immiscible, intercalated and exfoliated, may be produced. The materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, cone calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and the evaluation of mechanical properties.


In Situ Reactive Blending To Prepare Polystyrene-Clay And Polypropylene-Clay Nanocomposites, Dongyan Wang, Charles A. Wilkie Jan 2003

In Situ Reactive Blending To Prepare Polystyrene-Clay And Polypropylene-Clay Nanocomposites, Dongyan Wang, Charles A. Wilkie

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Nanocomposites of polystyrene and polypropylene with organically-modified clay may be prepared by melt blending in a Brabender mixer the clay and the polymer. The presence of maleic anhydride increases the likelihood of nanocomposite formation for polystyrene but is less important for polypropylene. The materials that result are immiscible materials, in that the clay is not uniformly distributed throughout the polymer matrix, but there is polymer inserted between the clay layers. The results from cone calorimetry suggest that nanocomposite formation has occurred, since there is a significant reduction in the peak heat release rate.


A Stibonium-Modified Clay And Its Polystyrene Nanocomposite, Dongyan Wang, Charles A. Wilkie Jan 2003

A Stibonium-Modified Clay And Its Polystyrene Nanocomposite, Dongyan Wang, Charles A. Wilkie

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Triphenylhexadecylstibonium trifluoromethylsulfonate has been prepared and ion-exchanged with sodium montmorillonite to obtain a new organically-modified clay. The clay has higher thermal stability than an ammonium clay; only a portion of the alkyl chain is lost during degradation and all of the antimony is retained. This clay has been used to prepare a polystyrene nanocomposite in which the clay is not uniformly distributed throughout the polymer. Nonetheless the polymer does insert into the clay layers and the d-spacing of the clay expands from 2.0 to 3.0 nm. The enhanced thermal stability of this system may mean that it could be …


State Mandated Prenatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening At A Large Community Hospital, William Cusick, Julie G. Stewart, Michael Parry, Gavin Mcleod, Gerald Rakos, Chris Sullivan, John Rodis Jan 2003

State Mandated Prenatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening At A Large Community Hospital, William Cusick, Julie G. Stewart, Michael Parry, Gavin Mcleod, Gerald Rakos, Chris Sullivan, John Rodis

Nursing Faculty Publications

Purpose: To describe the initial experience of state mandated prenatal HIV screening at a large community hospital.
Methods: HIV screening was provided to all pregnant women as of October 1, 1999. All HIV-positive women identified received aggressive antiretroviral therapy to reduce the likelihood for vertical transmission. Neonates were screened for HIV at zero, six, and 12 months of age.
Results: Seven pregnant women (0.3%) and two additional family members tested positive for HIV. All seven infants born to the identified HIV-positive women have tested negative for infection. We estimated that six of nine cases of HIV infection identified would have …


Molecular Recognition Of No/No+ Via Multicenter (Charge-Transfer) Binding To Bridged Diarene Donors. Effect Of Structure On The Optical Transitions And Complexation Thermodynamics, Sergiy V. Rosokha, Sergey V. Lindeman, Rajendra Rathore, Jay K. Kochi Jan 2003

Molecular Recognition Of No/No+ Via Multicenter (Charge-Transfer) Binding To Bridged Diarene Donors. Effect Of Structure On The Optical Transitions And Complexation Thermodynamics, Sergiy V. Rosokha, Sergey V. Lindeman, Rajendra Rathore, Jay K. Kochi

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Bridged diarenes form very strong [1:1] complexes with nitrosonium/nitric oxide in which the NO moiety is optimally sandwiched in the cleft between a pair of cofacial aromatic rings which act as a molecular “Venus flytrap”. The spectral features of these associates are generally similar to those for [1:1] and [2:1] nitrosonium complexes with mononuclear alkyl-substituted benzenes, and they are appropriately described within the LCAO molecular-orbital methodology and the Mulliken (charge-transfer) formulation of donor/acceptor electronic transitions. The thermodynamics study indicates that the efficient binding is determined by (i) the close matching of the donor/acceptor redox potentials and (ii) the ability of …


The Novelty Of Improvisation: Towards A Genre Of Embodied Spontaneity, David Alfred Charles Jan 2003

The Novelty Of Improvisation: Towards A Genre Of Embodied Spontaneity, David Alfred Charles

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Improvisation has often been viewed and valued in terms of its service and resemblance to scripted traditions of theatre. Such a stance seriously undermines the significance and impact of this global performance modality, and has resulted in improvisatory modes being largely ignored or downplayed in modern historical accounts of theatre. This dissertation examines improvisation on its own terms, seeking to understand its unique features, functions and potentials, while freeing it from the heavy shadow of its scripted counterpart. To this end, the theories of literary critic, Mikhail Bakhtin, provide important methodological guideposts and allow the silhouette of the improvisational impetus …


Integrating Natural Coping And Survival Strategies Of African American Women Into Social Work Practice: Lessons Learned From The Works Of Nannie Helen Burruoghs, Lolita Cecelia Boykin Jan 2003

Integrating Natural Coping And Survival Strategies Of African American Women Into Social Work Practice: Lessons Learned From The Works Of Nannie Helen Burruoghs, Lolita Cecelia Boykin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This study examines the historical coping and survival strategies of African American women - as reflected through the works of Nannie Helen Burroughs- that can be integrated into current social work practice. This research is important because is describes, explores and analyzes culturally relevant helping traditions, among African American women that have historically promoted their emotional and psychological well-being. An analysis of methods used by Burroughs was derived from articles, letters, speeches and minutes from various convention meetings. Also, a variety of secondary sources were also used during the research process. Results from the study are important in that they …