Digital Commons Network^™

Anti-Terrorism Legislation: A Constitutional Problem, Justin Jory

Brigham Young University Prelaw Review

No abstract provided.

Susceptibility Scoring In Family-Based Association Testing, Laila M. Poisson, Benjamin A. Rybicki, Steven W. Coon, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, Gary A. Chase

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Family-based association testing is an important part of genetic epidemiology. Tests are available to include multiple siblings, unaffected offspring, and to adjust for environmental covariates. We explore a susceptibility residual method of adjustment for covariates.

Results

Through simulation, we show that environmental adjustments that down-weight persons who are "destined" to be affected decrease the power to detect genetic association. We used the residual adjusted method on the Framingham Heart Study offspring data, provided for Genetic Analysis Workshop 13, and got mixed results.

Conclusion

When the genetic effect and environmental effects are independent, a susceptibility residual method of adjustment …

Analysis Of Gene × Environment Interactions In Sibships Using Mixed Models, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, Laila M. Poisson, Steven W. Coon, Gary A. Chase, Benjamin A. Rybicki

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Gene × environment models are widely used to assess genetic and environmental risks and their association with a phenotype of interest for many complex diseases. Mixed generalized linear models were used to assess gene × environment interactions with respect to systolic blood pressure on sibships adjusting for repeated measures and hierarchical nesting structures. A data set containing 410 sibships from the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort (part of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13 data) was used for all analyses. Three mixed gene × environment models, all adjusting for repeated measurement and varying levels of nesting, were compared for …

Invincible, Paul Michel

Short Story

No abstract provided.

Gamma Oscillations Correlate With Working Memory Load In Humans, Marc W. Howard, Daniel S. Rizzuto, Jeremy B. Caplan, Joseph R. Madsen, John Lisman

Psychology - All Scholarship

Functional imaging of human cortex implicates a diverse network of brain regions supporting working memory—the capacity to hold and manipulate information for short periods of time. Although we are beginning to map out the brain networks supporting working memory, little is known about its physiological basis. We analyzed intracranial recordings from two epileptic patients as they performed a working memory task. Spectral analyses revealed that, in both patients, gamma (30-60 Hz) oscillations increased approximately linearly with memory load, tracking closely with memory load over the course of the trial. This constitutes the first evidence that gamma oscillations, widely implicated in …

Educating Adolescents About Puberty: What Are We Missing?, Hatim A. Omar, Darby H. Mcelderry, Rana M. Zakharia

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Adolescents undergo significant physical and cognitive changes during their pubertal development. These changes contribute to and impact their future development. Educating adolescents at an early age about their expected development decreases the possible anxiety associated with this period of life and also helps adolescents make better choices in regards to their sexuality. In order to assess the degree of education regarding pubertal development and sexuality, we conducted a survey of late adolescents (Median age 19 years) and parents of adolescents. A total of 409 adolescents (237 females, 172 males) and 124 parents completed the survey. 14.4% of teens (36.6% of …

Harding Magazine Winter 2003 (Vol. 11, No. 1), Harding University

Harding Magazines

Publication distributed to alumni and friends of the university.

Review Of Cure: A Story Of Cancer And Politics From The Annals Of The Cold War, John Brantley

Faculty & Staff Research & Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Mba 660.60: Marketing Management, Jakki J. Mohr

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Pt 520.01: Motor Development Across The Life Space, Carrie Gajdosik, Ann K. Williams

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Sw 595.01: Special Topics - Psychopathology And Assessment For Non-Medical Helpers, David Schantz

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Sw 450.01: Children And Youth At Risk, Charles A. Wellenstein

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Edld 653.01: Personnel Administration, Roberta D. Evans

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Histidine-Decarboxylase Knockout Mice Show Deficient Nonreinforced Episodic Object Memory, Improved Negatively Reinforced Water-Maze Performance, And Increased Neo- And Ventro-Striatal Dopamine Turnover, Ekrem Dere, Maria A. De Souza-Silva, Bianca Topic, Richard E. Spieler, Helmut L. Haas, Joseph P. Huston

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

The brain's histaminergic system has been implicated in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory, as well as brain reward and reinforcement. Our past pharmacological and lesion studies indicated that the brain's histamine system exerts inhibitory effects on the brain's reinforcement respective reward system reciprocal to mesolimbic dopamine systems, thereby modulating learning and memory performance. Given the close functional relationship between brain reinforcement and memory processes, the total disruption of brain histamine synthesis via genetic disruption of its synthesizing enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC), in the mouse might have differential effects on learning dependent on the task-inherent reinforcement contingencies. Here, we investigated …

Assessment Of The Coral Reefs Of The Turks And Caicos Islands (Part 1: Stony Corals And Algae), Bernhard Riegl, Carrie Manfrino, Casey Hermoyian, Marilyn Brandt, Kaho Hoshino

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Major constituents of the benthic reef community (stony corals, algae) were assessed in 28 reefs on the Caicos, Turks and Mouchoir Banks. Living stony coral cover ranged from 8-28%, averaging 18% overall. Montastraea annularis and M. faveolata of “intermediate” sizes (cm) dominated all examined reefs. Acropora palmata and A. cervicornis were scarce. The most frequently recruiting scleractinians were Porites astreoides and Agaricia agaricites; Montastraea recruits were uncommon. Old partial-colony mortality (overall mean = 23%) was greater than recent partial-colony mortality (mean = 3%). Crustose coralline algae and turf algae were generally more abundant than macroalgae. Mouchoir Bank, with the …

Department Of Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences: Vbms Annual Report 2003

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Information and History

Foreword
VBMS Faculty
VBMS Faculty and Staff, by Function and Unit
Honors. Awards and Recognitions
VBMS Committee Assignments
Faculty Profiles
VBMS Research Associates Profiles
VBMS Teaching Program
Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center (GPVEC)
VBMS Research Program
International Activities
Veterinary Extension Program
Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Systems (NVDLS)
Grants and Contracts Program
Patents by VBMS Faculty
Publications by VBMS Faculty
Presentations by VBMS Faculty
Articles Regarding the Department
Selected Committees. Editorial and Other Appointments
Departmental Budget Summaries
Nebraska Agricultural Statistics

Primaquine For Prevention Of Malaria In Travelers, J. Kevin Baird, David J. Fryauff, Stephen L. Hoffman

United States Public Health Resources

An expanding risk and range of endemic malaria threatens travelers. Primaquine is an old drug recently demonstrated to offer effective prophylaxis. Clinical trials conducted in Indonesia, Kenya, and Colombia showed that a primaquine base (30 mg per day) had protective efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax of 85%–93%. Among 339 children (age, >8 years) and adults taking this regimen for 12– 52 weeks, there was no greater risk of adverse symptomatic events among primaquine users than among recipients of placebo in double-blind studies. Among 151 subjects evaluated after 20 or 52 weeks of daily primaquine therapy, methemoglobinemia was found …

Can Primaquine Therapy For Vivax Malaria Be Improved?, J. Kevin Baird, Karl H. Rieckmann

United States Public Health Resources

The incidence and range of endemic malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax has expanded during the past 30 years. This parasite forms hypnozoites in the liver, creating a persistent reservoir of infection. Primaquine (PQ), introduced 50 years ago, is the only drug available to eliminate hypnozoites. However, lengthy treatment courses and follow-up periods are not conducive to assessing the effectiveness of this drug in preventing relapses. Resistance to standard therapy could be widespread. Studies are urgently needed to gauge this problem and to determine the safety, tolerability and efficacy of shorter courses and higher doses of PQ.

Letters To The Editor, J. Kevin Baird

United States Public Health Resources

Our colleague Dr. Meshnick has proposed that our Society change its name. He expresses the view that “Hygiene” may not represent the membership and the work we conduct. He suggests, “The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Global Health.” I don’t know what “Global Health” means, but I do understand “Hygiene” and argue its relevance to diseases of the tropics and our Society.

Short Report: In Vivo Sensitivity Of Plasmodium Falciparum To Halofantrine In Southern Central Vietnam, Doan Hanh Nhan, Walter J. Taylor, Nguyen Dieu Thuong, Tran Thi Uyen, David J. Fryauff, Ika Susanti, Eduardo Gomez-Saladin, Le Dinh Cong, J. Kevin Baird

United States Public Health Resources

Drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum is present in Vietnam. We assessed the in vivo sensitivity of P. falciparum to halofantrine in two villages in the southern part of central Vietnam. Halofantrine (8 mg/kg × 3 doses) was administered to 37 patients with either P. falciparum (n = 32) or mixed P. falciparum/P. vivax malaria (n = 5). End points were parasite sensitivity or resistance (RI/RII/RIII) determined by parasite clearance, persistence, or recurrence during 28 days of follow-up. By day 28, 31 (93.9%) of 33 (95% confidence interval = 79.8−99.2%) patients were sensitive. Two patients had recurrent P. falciparum parasitemia on …

Malaria In A Cohort Of Javanese Migrants To Indonesian Papua, United States Naval Medical Research Unit #2, H. Basri, D. J. Fryauff, M. J. Barcus, M. J. Bangs, E. Ayomi, H. Marwoto, I. R.F. Elyazar, T. L. Richie, J. Kevin Baird

United States Public Health Resources

The epidemiology of infection by Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax was investigated among Javanese migrants to an endemic region of Papua, Indonesia. A cohort of 243 migrants from Java was followed for malaria in a new settlement village in the endemic Armopa area of north–eastern Papua, beginning on the day each migrant arrived in the village. The subjects were monitored during home visits (three/week) and by the twice-monthly production of bloodsmears that were checked for malarial parasites. At the end of 33 months, 159 (65%) of the subjects remained under follow-up. The prevalence of parasitaemia in the village declined from …

Onset Of Clinical Immunity To Plasmodium Falciparum Among Javanese Migrants To Indonesian Papua, J. Kevin Baird, United States Naval Medical Research Unit #2, M. J. Barcus, I. R.F. Elyazar, J. D. Maguire, D. J. Fryauff, T. L. Richie, National Center For Health Research, W. Kalalo

United States Public Health Resources

Onset of clinical immunity to Plasmodium falciparum occurred among Javanese migrants to Indonesian Papua. Surveillance of the 243 migrants investigated began on the day of their arrival in Indonesian Papua and continued for 33 months. Asexual parasitaemia without fever constituted objective evidence of clinical immunity. Compared with .rst infection, the odds ratio (OR) for not having fever at the fourth infection within 24 months was 3.2 [95% con.dence interval (CI)=1.03–10.2; P=0.02]. The corresponding OR with fewer infections within 24 months was not distinguishable from 1.0. The level of the fourth parasitaemia within 24 months (N=58) was classified …

Primary Infection By Plasmodium Falciparum Or P. Vivax In A Cohort Of Javanese Migrants To Indonesian Papua, M. J. Barcus, United States Naval Medical Research Unit #2, I. R.F. Elyazar, H. Marwoto, T. L. Richie, H. Basri, I. Wiady, D. J. Fryauff, J. D. Maguire, M. J. Bangs, J. Kevin Baird

United States Public Health Resources

The clinical and parasitological characteristics of the .rst naturally acquired malarial infection have rarely been documented in humans. When 243 migrants from non-endemic Java were followed from the day of their arrival in Indonesian Papua, 217 (89%) were found to become infected with Plasmodium falciparum and/or P. vivax before they were lost to follow-up. The incidence of malarial infection in the children investigated (who were aged 6–10 years) was indistinguishable from that in the adults (aged >20 years), with 1.10 and 1.14 P. falciparum infections/person-year (relative risk=0.97; 95% con.dence interval=0.72–1.29) and 1.47 and 1.49 P. vivax infections/person-year (relative risk=0.99; 95% …

Attenuated Growth Of Breast-Fed Children Exposed To Increased Concentrations Of Methylmercury And Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Philippe Grandjean, Esben Budtz-Jørgensen, Ulrike Steuerwald, Birger Heinzow, Larry L. Needham, Poul J. Jørgensen, Pál Weihe

United States Public Health Resources

Breast-feeding has been linked to slowed postnatal growth. Although the basis for this "weanling’s dilemma" is unclear, environmental contaminants in human milk may be of relevance. We studied a Faroese birth cohort of 182 singleton children, born at term in 1994-95. Concentrations of mercury in cord blood and of polychlorinated biphenyls in maternal milk were measured, and duration of breast-feeding was recorded. At 18 months, children who had been exclusively breast-fed for at least 6 months weighed 0.59 kg less [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.03, 1.16 kg] and were 1.50 cm [95% CI = 0.52, 2.47 cm] shorter than …

The Ascendancy Of Amblyomma Americanum As A Vector Of Pathogens Affecting Humans In The United States, James E. Childs, Christopher D. Paddock

United States Public Health Resources

Until the 1990s, Amblyomma americanum was regarded primarily as a nuisance species, but a tick of minor importance as a vector of zoonotic pathogens affecting humans. With the recent discoveries of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and “Borrelia lonestari,” the public health relevance of lone star ticks is no longer in question. During the next 25 years, the number of cases of human disease caused by A. americanum-associated pathogens will probably increase. Based on current trajectories and historic precedents, the increase will be primarily driven by biological and environmental factors that alter the geographic distribution and intensity of …

Sodium Tanshinone Iia Sulfonate Mediates Electron Transfer Reaction In Rat Heart Mitochondria, Guangyin Zhou, Wen Jiang, Yan Zhao, Guangén Ma, Wenjuan Xin, Junjie Yin, Baolu Zhao

United States Public Health Resources

In this paper, an electron transfer reaction mediated by sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) was studied in rat heart mitochondria. It was found that STS could stimulate mitochondrial NADH oxidation dose-dependently and partly restore NADH oxidation in the presence of respiratory inhibitor (rotenone or antimycin A or KCN). It was likely that STS could accept electrons from complex I similar to ferricyanide and could be converted to its semiquinone form that could then reduce oxygen molecule. The data also showed that cytochrome c (Cyt c) could be reduced by STS in the presence of KCN, or STS could transfer the …

A Preliminary Linkage Map Of The Hard Tick, Ixodes Scapularis, A. J. Ullmann, J. Piesman, M. C. Dolan, W. C. Black Iv

United States Public Health Resources

Blackwell Publishing Ltd. A linkage map of the Ixodes scapularis genome was constructed, based upon segregation amongst 127 loci. These included 84 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, 32 Sequence-Tagged RAPD (STAR) markers, 5 cDNAs, and 5 microsatellites in 232 F₁ intercross progeny from a single, field-collected P₁ female. A preliminary linkage map of 616 cM was generated across 14 linkage groups with one marker every 10.8 cM. Assuming a genome size of ~ 10 ⁹ bp, the relationship of physical to genetic distance was found to be ~ 300 kb/cM in the I. scapularis genome.

Absence Of Interferon-Γ–Inducible Gene Igtp Does Not Significantly Alter The Development Of Chagasic Cardiomyopathy In Mice Infected With Trypanosoma Cruzi (Brazil Strain), A. P. De Souza, B. Tang, H. B. Tanowitz, S. M. Factor, V. Shtutin, J. Shirani, G. A. Taylor, L. M. Weiss, L. A. Jelicks

United States Public Health Resources

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) contributes to host resistance during acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease. Inducibly expressed guanosine triphosphatase (IGTP), a 48-kDa guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase), is a member of a family of GTPase proteins inducibly expressed by IFN-γ. The expression pattern of IGTP suggests that it may mediate IFN-γ–induced responses in a variety of cell types. IGTP has been demonstrated to be important for control of Toxoplasma gondii infection but not for resistance against Listeria monocytogenes. We evaluated the role of IGTP in development of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy in IGTP null mice and C57X129sv (wild …

Accuracy Of Six Commercially Available Systems For Identification Of Members Of The Family Vibrionaceae, Caroline M. O’Hara, Evangeline G. Sowers, Cheryl A. Bopp, Sarah B. Duda, Nancy A. Strockbine

United States Public Health Resources

Six commercially available bacterial identification products were tested with Vibrio alginolyticus (12 strains), V. cholerae (30 strains), Photobacterium (Vibrio) damselae (10 strains), V. fluvialis (10 strains), V. furnissii (4 strains), V. hollisae (10 strains), V. metschnikovii (9 strains), V. mimicus (10 strains), V. parahaemolyticus (30 strains), and V. vulnificus (10 strains) to determine the accuracy of each system for identification. The products included API 20E, Crystal E/NF, MicroScan Neg ID2 and Rapid Neg ID3, and Vitek GNI+ and ID-GNB. Each product was tested only with those species that were listed in its database. Overall, the systems correctly …

Estimated Risk Of Transmission Of The West Nile Virus Through Blood Transfusion In The Us, 2002, Brad J. Biggerstaff, Lyle R. Petersen

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND: The West Nile virus (WNV) epidemic in 2002 in the US saw over 3300 reported human cases of WNV disease, with over 2300 reported cases of WNV encephalitis and meningitis. The first documented cases of transfusion transmission of WNV through voluntary blood donation also occurred.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Case onset dates from the 2002 WNV epidemic in the US were used to estimate the risk of transfusion-associated transmission with statistical resampling. An easily computed approximating formula for the mean risk was derived. Estimates were computed for six high-incidence states and metropolitan areas.

RESULTS: Mean and …