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Articles 15721 - 15734 of 15734
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Norms On The Responsibilities Of Transnational Corporations And Other Business Enterprises With Regard To Human Rights, David Weissbrodt, Muria Kruger
Norms On The Responsibilities Of Transnational Corporations And Other Business Enterprises With Regard To Human Rights, David Weissbrodt, Muria Kruger
Articles
On August 13, 2003, the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights approved the "Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with Regard to Human Rights" (Norms) 1 in its Resolution 2003/16. 2 The Norms represent a landmark step in holding businesses accountable for their human rights abuses and constitute a succinct, but comprehensive, restatement of the international legal principles applicable to businesses with regard to human rights, humanitarian law, international labor law, environmental law, consumer law, anticorruption law, and so forth.
Human Rights Approach To Intellectual Property Protection: The Genesis And Application Of Sub-Commission Resolution 2000/7, David Weissbrodt, Kell Schoff
Human Rights Approach To Intellectual Property Protection: The Genesis And Application Of Sub-Commission Resolution 2000/7, David Weissbrodt, Kell Schoff
Articles
On August 17, 2000, the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (the Sub- Commission) adopted Resolution 2000/7, entitled Intellectual Property Rights and Human Rights .1 This resolution signified the Sub-Commission s belief that international intellectual property regimes were not adequately accounting for human rights norms.2 Resolution 2000/7 called on U.N. Member States, intergovernmental bodies, and various U.N. entities to reaffirm their commitments toward the achievement of international human rights norms, adopt a human rights approach to the development of international intellectual property regimes, and further study the interaction between intellectual property protection and human rights.3
What Were They Thinking? Fourth Amendment Unreasonableness In Atwater V. City Of Lago Vista, Richard Frase
What Were They Thinking? Fourth Amendment Unreasonableness In Atwater V. City Of Lago Vista, Richard Frase
Articles
In Atwater v. City of Lago Vista the Supreme Court upheld the arrest and jailing of a woman for a seat belt violation even though her offense was punishable only with a small fine, and there was no reason why the police officer could not have simply issued a citation. Atwater thus permits, and indeed encourages, unnecessary and disproportionate arrests (along with the various searches and other hardships which routinely accompany an arrest). The extremely broad arrest power recognized by the Court also creates a grave potential for abuse in light of the breadth of modern traffic laws (almost every …
Experimental Studies Assessing The Repeatability Of A Functional Modeling Derivation Method, Mark A. Kurfman, Michael E. Stock, Robert B. Stone, Jagan Rajan, Kristin L. Wood
Experimental Studies Assessing The Repeatability Of A Functional Modeling Derivation Method, Mark A. Kurfman, Michael E. Stock, Robert B. Stone, Jagan Rajan, Kristin L. Wood
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This paper presents the results of research attempts to substantiate repeatability and uniqueness claims of a functional model derivation method following a hypothesis generation and testing procedure outlined in design research literature. Three experiments are constructed and carried out with a participant pool that possesses a range of engineering design skill levels. the experiments test the utility of a functional model derivation method to produce repeatable functional models for a given product among different designers. in addition to this, uniqueness of the functional models produced by the participants is examined. Results indicate the method enhances repeatability and leads designers toward …
Mapping Function To Failure Mode During Component Development, Irem Y. Tumer, Robert B. Stone
Mapping Function To Failure Mode During Component Development, Irem Y. Tumer, Robert B. Stone
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
When designing aerospace systems, it is essential to provide crucial failure information for failure prevention. Failure modes and effect types of analyses and prior engineering knowledge and experience are commonly used to determine the potential modes of failures a product might encounter during its lifetime. When new products are being considered and designed, this knowledge and information is expanded upon to help designers extrapolate based on their similarity with existing products and the potential design tradeoffs. in this work, we aim to enhance this process by providing design-aid tools which derive similarities between functionality and failure modes. Specifically, this paper …
Modeling Fracture In Laminated Automotive Glazing Impacted By Spherical Featureless Headform, Lokeswarappa R. Dharani, S. R. Mettu, S. Zhao, S. D. Barbat, L. Chai
Modeling Fracture In Laminated Automotive Glazing Impacted By Spherical Featureless Headform, Lokeswarappa R. Dharani, S. R. Mettu, S. Zhao, S. D. Barbat, L. Chai
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Laminated glass consisting of two soda lime glass plies adhered by a polyvinyl butyral interlayer (PVB) is used for automotive glazing. This paper describes the application of a dynamic, nonlinear finite element method to investigate the failure modes of a laminated glass subjected to low-velocity impact with a spherical head form. Crack type, crack location and crack initiation time are evaluated using the maximum principal stress and J-integral criterion. Failure occurred due to flexural stresses and not bearing stresses. the first crack always initiated at the center of the outer impacted ply and PVB interface, and later on the exterior …
Multidimensional, Time-Accurate Cfd Simulation Of Adsorption/Desorption In A Carbon Canister, Xingyan Bai, Kakkattukuzhy M. Isaac, D. Klein, R. Banerjee, J. Edson, W. Breig, L. Oliver
Multidimensional, Time-Accurate Cfd Simulation Of Adsorption/Desorption In A Carbon Canister, Xingyan Bai, Kakkattukuzhy M. Isaac, D. Klein, R. Banerjee, J. Edson, W. Breig, L. Oliver
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Computational fluid dynamics simulations of fixed-bed adiabatic adsorption/desorption processes are presented in this paper. Linear driving force model is used for heat and mass transfer rates. a two-dimensional cylindrical canister and three-dimensional automotive production canister geometry are used to study the adsorption/desorption processes of carbon dioxide in helium carrier gas on Norit B4 activated carbon. the two-dimensional results compare well with the results of Hwang et al. [1]. Computational results as breakthrough curve, adsorption amount and temperature profiles are provided. Results show that non-adiabatic model should be used to fully utilize the activated carbon bed capacity prior to breakthrough. Copyright …
Mechanical Property Characterization Of Mouse Zona Pellucida, Yu Sun, Kai-Tak Wan, K. P. Roberts, J. C. Bischof, B. J. Nelson
Mechanical Property Characterization Of Mouse Zona Pellucida, Yu Sun, Kai-Tak Wan, K. P. Roberts, J. C. Bischof, B. J. Nelson
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Previous intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) studies have indicated significant variation in ICSI success rates among different species. In mouse ICSI, the zona pellucida (ZP) undergoes a "hardening" process at fertilization in order to prevent subsequent sperm from penetrating. There have been few studies investigating changes in the mechanical properties of mouse ZP post fertilization. To characterize mouse ZP mechanical properties and quantitate the mechanical property differences of the ZP before and after fertilization, a microelectromechanical systems-based multiaxis cellular force sensor has been developed. A microrobotic cell manipulation system employing the multiaxis cellular force sensor is used to conduct mouse ZP …
Nonlinear H Infinity Missile Longitudinal Autopilot Design With Θ-D Method, Ming Xin, S. N. Balakrishnan
Nonlinear H Infinity Missile Longitudinal Autopilot Design With Θ-D Method, Ming Xin, S. N. Balakrishnan
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
In this paper, a new nonlinear control synthesis technique, the theta- D method, is employed to design a missile longitudinal autopilot. The θ-D technique yields suboptimal solutions to nonlinear optimal control problems in the sense that it provides approximate solution to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. Semi-global asymptotic stability can be achieved by manipulating the perturbation terms which are added to the cost function in developing a series solution. Furthermore, this method can be used to provide an approximate closed-form solution to the state dependent Riccati equation. The particular θ-D methodology adopted in this paper is referred to as θ-D H …
A Single-Element Tuning Fork Piezoelectric Linear Actuator, J. Satonobu, K. Nakamura, S. Ueha, Daniel S. Stutts, James R. Friend
A Single-Element Tuning Fork Piezoelectric Linear Actuator, J. Satonobu, K. Nakamura, S. Ueha, Daniel S. Stutts, James R. Friend
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This paper describes the design of a piezoelectric tuning-fork, dual-mode motor. The motor uses a single multilayer piezoelectric element in combination with tuning fork and shearing motion to form an actuator using a single drive signal. Finite-element analysis was used in the design of the motor, and the process is described along with the selection of the device's materials and its performance. Swaging was used to mount the multilayer piezoelectric element within the stator. Prototypes of the 25-mm long bidirectional actuator achieved a maximum linear no-load speed of 16.5 cm/s, a maximum linear force of 1.86 N, and maximum efficiency …
Approximate Dynamic Programming Based Optimal Neurocontrol Synthesis Of A Chemical Reactor Process Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, Radhakant Padhi, S. N. Balakrishnan
Approximate Dynamic Programming Based Optimal Neurocontrol Synthesis Of A Chemical Reactor Process Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, Radhakant Padhi, S. N. Balakrishnan
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The concept of approximate dynamic programming and adaptive critic neural network based optimal controller is extended in this study to include systems governed by partial differential equations. An optimal controller is synthesized for a dispersion type tubular chemical reactor, which is governed by two coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. It consists of three steps: First, empirical basis functions are designed using the "Proper Orthogonal Decomposition" technique and a low-order lumped parameter system to represent the infinite-dimensional system is obtained by carrying out a Galerkin projection. Second, approximate dynamic programming technique is applied in a discrete time framework, followed by the …
Hierarchical Optimal Control Of A Turning Process - Linearization Approach, Anand Dasgupta, B. Pandurangan, Robert G. Landers, S. N. Balakrishnan
Hierarchical Optimal Control Of A Turning Process - Linearization Approach, Anand Dasgupta, B. Pandurangan, Robert G. Landers, S. N. Balakrishnan
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Machining process control technologies are currently not well integrated into machine tool controllers and, thus, servomechanism dynamics are often ignored when designing and implementing process controllers. In this paper, a hierarchical controller is developed that simultaneously regulates the servomechanism positions and cutting forces in a lathing operation. The force process and servomechanism system are separated into high and low levels, respectively, in the hierarchy. The high level goal is to maintain a constant cutting force to maximize productivity while not violating a spindle power constraint. This goal is systematically propagated to the lower level and combined with the low level …
Output Feedback Force Control For A Parallel Turning Operation, Raghusimha Sudhakara, Robert G. Landers
Output Feedback Force Control For A Parallel Turning Operation, Raghusimha Sudhakara, Robert G. Landers
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Parallel machine tools (i.e., machine tools capable of cutting a part with multiple tools simultaneously but independently) are being utilized more and more to increase operation productivity, decrease setups, and reduce floor space. Process control is the utilization of real-time process sensor information to automatically adjust process parameters (e.g., feed, spindle speed) to increase operation productivity and quality. To date, however, these two technologies have not been combined. This paper describes the design of an output feedback controller for a parallel turning operation that accounts for the inherent nonlinearities in the force process. An analysis of the process equilibriums explains …
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Based Modeling And Experimental Implementation Of A Neurocontroller For A Heat Diffusion System, Prashant Prabhat, S. N. Balakrishnan, Dwight C. Look, Radhakant Padhi
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Based Modeling And Experimental Implementation Of A Neurocontroller For A Heat Diffusion System, Prashant Prabhat, S. N. Balakrishnan, Dwight C. Look, Radhakant Padhi
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Experimental implementation of a dual neural network based optimal controller for a heat diffusion system is presented. Using the technique of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), a set of problem-oriented basis functions are designed taking the experimental data as snap shot solutions. Using these basis functions in Galerkin projection, a reduced-order analogous lumped parameter model of the distributed parameter system is developed. This model is then used in an analogous lumped parameter problem. A dual neural network structure called adaptive critics is used to obtain optimal neurocontrollers for this system. In this structure, one set of neural networks captures the relationship …