Digital Commons Network^™

Understanding Climatic Impacts, Vulnerabilities, And Adaptation In The United States: Building A Capacity For Assessment, Edward A. Parson, Robert W. Corell, Eric J. Barron, Virginia Burkett, Anthony Janetos, Linda Joyce, Thomas R. Karl, Michael C. Maccracken, Jerry Melillo, M. Granger Morgan, David S. Schimel, Thomas Wilbanks

Articles

Based on the experience of the U.S. National Assessment, we propose a program of research and analysis to advance capability for assessment of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptation options. We identify specific priorities for scientific research on the responses of ecological and socioeconomic systems to climate and other stresses; for improvement in the climatic inputs to impact assessments; and for further development of assessment methods to improve their practical utility to decision-makers. Finally, we propose a new institutional model for assessment, based principally on regional efforts that integrate observations, research, data, applications, and assessment on climate and linked environmental-change issues. …

An Analysis Of Physical Activity And Two Forms Of Self Defense Training And Their Impact On Women’S Sense Of Self-Efficacy, Elizabeth Susan Guernsey

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Since the mid-l 970s, incidences of rape in the United States have steadily increased. American females aged 16-24 are at the greatest risk to experience rape. This indicates that college-aged women have a high probability of experiencing a sexual assault during their college years. Women are at particularly high risk of being raped by an acquaintance or a date. This may be due to traditional social gender roles in American society. Rape Aggression Defense Systems is the largest self defense program for women that has become particularly popular on college campuses. Ozer and Bandura (1990) sought to study possible increases …

Introduction To Approaches To Teaching Gothic Fiction: The British And American Traditions, Tamar Heller And Diane Hoeveler, Eds., Diane Hoeveler, Tamar Heller

English Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

The Montana Vacation Experience: Part 1, Norma Nickerson, J. Al Ellard, Robert Dvorak

Institute for Tourism and Recreation Research Publications

The Montana Vacation Experience is the analysis of in-depth interviews of 53 Montana vacationers. Part 1 provides direct quotes from vacationers in Montana related to their vacation experience. Five themes related to the vacation emerged: trip planning, experiences and activities, motivations, relationship to the environment, and impressions of Montana.

The Fordham Urban Law Journal: A New Millennium, Constantine N. Katsoris

Fordham Urban Law Journal

A general overview of the journal's progress and publications.

Barred From The Vote: Public Attitudes Toward The Disenfranchisement Of Felons, Brian Pinaire, Milton Heumann, Laura Bilotta

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This article explores public attitudes toward the disenfranchisement of felons. Using survey research methods -- Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing of 503 randomly selected adults -- the authors posed questions related to the purpose of the criminal justice system, public attitudes about treatment and punishment of felons, and public support for the disenfranchisement of felons. The data is aggregated and sorted based on ethnicity, gender, political affiliation, and education. The data demonstrates that the American public does not support permanent disenfranchisement of convicted felons but that it does support some limitations. The authors first review state laws and legal/political issues implicated, …

Day Laborers, Friend Or Foe: A Survey Of Community Responses, Mauricio A. Espana

Fordham Urban Law Journal

This comment discusses the various ways that communities that benefit from day laborers respond to the presence of the "underground" employment phenomenon. Part I provides some background into the day laborers' situation, livelihood, and legal rights. Part II discusses the competing issues faced by day laborers, as well as the issues the laborers present to community residents, employers, and the United States Government. Finally, Part III discusses the different solutions that communities confronted with day laborers have proposed and implemented, and concludes that it is in the best interests of all parties involved that communities accept day labors and accommodate …

Squeezing Daubert Out Of The Picture, Richard D. Friedman

Articles

In this essay, I will offer some thoughts on how we might reframe the issues governing the admissibility of expert evidence. My principal focus is not on any particular type of expert evidence but on broader questions: the extent to which we ought to rely on rulings of admissibility, the standards that should govern admissibility rulings, and the role of the trial and appellate courts in making those rulings. To some extent, I will concentrate on the context of criminal cases, but for the most part my conclusions apply in both civil and criminal litigation. Here are my conclusions: First, …

Where Is Sherlock Holmes?, Jeffrey C. Goodman

Faculty Scholarship

Most philosophers would say that fictional characters lack spatiotemporal location simply because such entities do not exist.  However, even prominent believers in ficta hold that they must lack location.  I here focus on the views of one such believer, Amie Thomasson, and her Artifactual Theory.  The fundamentals of her ontology seem correct, but I argue that the view implies that ficta do have location.  I provide a diagnosis of an argument Thomasson gives for the contrary, and then suggest a way for the Artifactual Theory to account for the locations of ficta.  I conclude by discussing some potential applications of …

A Comparison Of Dual Heuristic Programming (Dhp) And Neural Network Based Stochastic Optimization Approach On Collective Robotic Search Problem, Nian Zhang, Donald C. Wunsch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An important application of mobile robots is searching a region to locate the origin of a specific phenomenon. A variety of optimization algorithms can be employed to locate the target source, which has the maximum intensity of the distribution of some detected function. We propose two neural network algorithms: stochastic optimization algorithm and dual heuristic programming (DHP) to solve the collective robotic search problem. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of noise and the number of robots on the task performance, as well as the expenses. The experimental results showed that the performance of the dual heuristic programming …

Fuzzy Logic In Collective Robotic Search, Nian Zhang, Donald C. Wunsch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

One important application of mobile robots is searching a geographical region to locate the origin of a specific sensible phenomenon. We first propose a fuzzy logic approach using a decision table. A novel fuzzy rule based was designed. And then a fuzzy search strategy is adopted by utilizing the three tier centers of mass coordination. Experimental results show that fuzzy logic algorithm is an efficient approach for the collective robots to locate the target source. In addition, noise and the position of the target affect the searching result.

Using Low-Threshold Applications And Software Templates To Improve Efficiency In An Introductory Statistics Course, Jason K. Mcdonald

Faculty Publications

This study was an exploratory study in improving efficiency in university courses by using low-cost methods of design and development that can be easily managed by university faculty. To explore this issue, we developed a lesson for the Statistics department at Brigham Young University using low-threshold applications (uses of technology that are low-cost and easy to learn) and software templates. We evaluated the lesson as a possible method to decrease the number of hours instructors were required to spend teaching in class. We discovered that students responded positively to the lesson, and that the methods of lesson design and development …

Power System Basics For Business Professionals In Our Industry, G. Gross, Peter W. Sauer, Mariesa Crow

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The rapid changes in the business aspects of the electricity industry are making it necessary for engineers to communicate more frequently and more effectively with nontechnical people. With the heightened interest in electric power and energy systems, a broad range of "nonpower" people has expressed a need for a primer on power engineering fundamentals presented in a nontechnical manner. In response, the IEEE Power Engineering Society sponsored the preparation of such a course targeted towards the "business professional." The first offering of this course was in July 2002 as part of the IEEE PES Summer Meeting in Chicago. Power System …

An Arthropod Defensin Expressed By The Hemocytes Of The American Dog Tick, Dermacentor Variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae), Shane M. Ceraul, Daniel E. Sonenshine, Robert E. Ratzlaff, Wayne L. Hynes

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Both soluble and cell-mediated components are involved in the innate immune response of arthropods. Injection of Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease agent, results in the secretion of defensin into the hemolymph of the ixodid tick, Dermacentor variabilis. The presence of the peptide is observed as early as 15 min post-challenge and remains present through 18 h post-challenge. As observed in insects and soft ticks, the transcript for defensin is detected as early as 1 h post-challenge in D. variabilis. RT-PCR resulted in an amplicon of 624 bp with a 225 bp region that translates to a 74 …

Heydon' Seek: Looking For Law In All The Wrong Places, Allan C. Hutchinson

Articles & Book Chapters

What judges think they are doing has considerable effect on what they actually do. Accordingly, the appointment of Dyson Heydon to the High Court of Australia is a useful occasion on which to examine the connection between one judge's thought and his actions. Heydon's extra-judicial writings call for a nostalgic return to the formalist virtues of an earlier era. However, his early judicial opinions on the High Court not only demonstrate the intellectual shortcomings of such a formalist approach, but also emphasise that adjudication is an inescapably political and contested activity - judicial conservatism is no less ideological than its …

The Etiology And Treatment Of Nicotine Dependence: A Biopsychosocial Perspective, Lee M. Cohen, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Monica Cortez-Garland, Eric H. Prensky, Sadie Emery

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Chronic use of tobacco-containing products, particularly cigarettes, remains one of the most avoidable causes of death and illness in the United States and claims the lives of more than 430,000 individuals each year (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [DHHS], 1999). The number of tobacco-related deaths alone exceeds that of deaths due to AIDS, murders, other drugs, alcohol, car crashes, fires, and suicides combined (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2002). Illnesses associated with tobacco use include, but are not limited to, laryngeal cancer, oral cancer, esophageal cancer, obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, intrauterine growth retardation, and low …

Faculty Handbook (1992, Revised 2003), Minnesota State University Moorhead

Faculty Handbooks

No abstract provided.

Monthly Accomplishments For Turnbull National Refuge, January 2003, Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge

Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge Reports

A monthly report of accomplishments at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge written by Project Leader Nancy Curry.

Standards For Science Teacher Preparation, National Science Teachers Association

Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education: Faculty Publications

Any project intending to write education standards for national dissemination and implementation is immediately confronted with the fact that education is a state function, and that the fifty states, plus Puerto Rico, each have their own ideas about what should be taught to their children. Education, unlike many professions, is a highly political act: parents and guardians are concerned about what their children are taught; and various stakeholders have their own ideas about what constitutes a good education. Whether or not they are directly engaged in setting standards, they want to know why a particular set of standards has been …

Foreign Language Teacher Education And Technology: Bridging The Gap, Aleidine Kramer Moeller, Hyesung Park

Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education: Faculty Publications

Modeling a computer supported learning environment in teacher education can result in teachers who are "far more confident, skilled, and motivated to use computers with their own students" (Johnson, 2002). According to Johnson (2002) evidence is beginning to confirm that such modeling" is most effective in preparing teachers to integrate technology into their classroom" (p.74). A review of the literature on instructional technology (IT) and teacher education concluded (Willis & Mehlinger, 1996) :

Most pre-service teachers know very little about effective use of technology in education and leaders believe there is a pressing need to increase substantially the amount and …

Protection Against A Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (Bvdv) Type 1 Challenge In Calves Vaccinated With A Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (Bhv-1)-Bvdv Recombinant, Heather J. Swan, Lyle J. Braun, Leonard J. Bello, William C. Lawrence, Reg D. Neiger, Christopher C.L. Chase

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

A recently developed recombinant bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) virus containing the envelope protein gp53 of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 1, BHV-1 (v1V31), was assessed for its ability to protect against BVDV in calves. Four calves were vaccinated intranasally with the recombinant BHV-1-BVDV vaccine and did not exhibit any clinical signs following vaccination. The vaccine virus was recovered from all vaccinated calves on days 8 through 10 and the replication appeared to be restricted to nasal passages. Twenty-eight days after vaccination, the four vaccinated and four control calves were challenged with the type 1 BVDV, strain NY-1. All calves …

Legal Movements In Intellectual Property: Trips, Unilateral Action, Bilateral Agreements, And Hiv/Aids, Margo A. Bagley

Faculty Articles

This Article begins with an overview of the relationship between the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the "TRIPS Agreement") and the HIV/AIDS pandemic which created the need for the Doha Declaration. It then discusses two trade-related movements, unilateral action and TRIPS-plus bilateral agreements, that call into question the long-term effectiveness of the TRIPS Agreement process, generally, and the benefits of the Doha Declaration, in particular, in addressing multiple facets of the access to essential medicines problem. This Article concludes that a consideration of these issues should be included in the development of any further TRIPS-related solutions to …

Unexplainable On Grounds Other Than Race: The Inversion Of Privilege And Subordination In Equal Protection Jurisprudence, Darren L. Hutchinson

Faculty Articles

In this article, Professor Darren Hutchinson contributes to the debate over the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause by arguing that the Supreme Court has inverted its purpose and effect. Professor Hutchinson contends that the Court, in its judicial capacity, provides protection and judicial solicitude for privileged and powerful groups in our country, while at the same time requires traditionally subordinated and oppressed groups to utilize the political process to seek redress for acts of oppression. According to Professor Hutchinson, this process allows social structures of oppression and subordination to remain intact.

First, Professor Hutchinson examines the various …

Table Of Contents

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

School Vouchers

Remarks On Regulating Genetically Modified Foods In The United States, Gregory Jaffe

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Thank you very much for inviting me here today. I’m going to use PowerPoint here, but I will try to keep my comments brief. I’m going to spend just a minute or two introducing my organization to you and our biotech project. Then I’m going to talk a little about the regulatory system and what I see are some of the inadequacies in the current regulatory environment for agricultural biotechnology.

Remarks On Regulating Genetically Modified Foods In The United States, L. Val Giddings

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Thank you. I’m glad to be here today. Before I launch into my prepared remarks, I do want to correct a couple of things that Greg has just told you. Just for full disclosure, Greg and I shared an office about eighteen years ago when we both worked for the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment. When I arrived in Washington, I spent five years working as an analyst on these sorts of issues. So as I’m about to pound on Greg for knowing a number of things that don’t happen to be true, please be aware that I’m not really …

Regulating Genetically Modified Foods: Is Mandatory Labeling The Right Answer?, Gregory Conko

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Thank you. It’s a very common mistake to believe that consumers could only have a choice if the government requires mandatory labeling of genetically engineered food. My question back to you, Jean, is, exactly what kind of information do consumers get if all you do is label the product as “Genetically Engineered?” We can take this up later in the debate part of our panel discussion. I think the one thing that we can all agree on, however, is that the food label is a very important source of information to consumers.

Panel Remarks On Liability: Liability For Farming?, Rachel G. Lattimore

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Good afternoon. To begin, I’d like to thank Ed Wallis and the Richmond Journal of Law & Tech- nology for inviting me to speak on such a distinguished panel. And I’d like to tell you one thing about myself that is not in my fancy lawyer biography. I grew up on a small family farm down in North Caro- lina, so I learned from an early age about the different types of genetic manipulations that go on a farm, from breeding cattle to grafting apple trees, which if you’re fourteen years old, consists of spending your entire Spring Break taking …

Panel Remarks On Liability: Liability Issues: Lessons From Starlink, Donald Uchtmann

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. I have an enormous opportunity and challenge. Here I am, the final speaker, on this final panel, on this beautiful Friday afternoon, on this beautiful campus. Stay “tuned” for just a few more minutes to hear my remarks regarding liability issues and then we will adjourn to the great outdoors.

Sixth Circuit Federal Judicial Selection, Carl W. Tobias

Law Faculty Publications

Many of the 179 active federal appeals court judgeships authorized by Congress have remained vacant for protracted times. Over the last dozen years, the appellate system has experienced numerous openings, which have generally comprised ten percent of those seats. Particular tribunals' situations have been worse. At various times since 1996, the United States Courts of Appeals for the Second, Fourth, and Ninth Circuits operated without a third of their judges. However, the most egregious and recent illustration is the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Almost half of that court's positions are now empty, while a number …