Digital Commons Network^™

Criminal Copyright Infringement, I. Trotter Hardy

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

No abstract provided.

A Battle Over Birth "Control": Legal And Legislative Employer Prescription Contraception Benefit Mandates, C. Keanin Loomis

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

Under the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA), employers are prohibited from discriminating against women by treating pregnancy and childbirth different from other medical conditions. Employers who offer medical benefits to their employees have thus been required to cover pregnancy-related medical costs on the same terms as other medical coverage. The cost of prescription contraception, however, has generally not been covered by employer-sponsored medical plans, even while other prescription drugs were. This Note examines the recent case of Erickson v. Bartell Drug Co., which challenged this practice of excluding prescription contraception coverage as discriminatory under the PDA, and argues that further federal …

An Examination Of Death Salience: A Component In The Death Anxiety Model, Rachel A. Mason

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Reviews of the literature have identified few consistent theoretical approaches in the assessment of death anxiety and death attitudes for patients diagnosed with a potentially life threatening illness, such as cancer. This illness experience forces patients to contemplate their mortality. The present study employed a portion of the Death Anxiety Model to examine the relationships between death salience, beliefs about the self, beliefs about the world, death meaning, and death anxiety. Three groups (N = 121) who differed on death salience were examined: cancer survivors (intrapersonal - high salience), spouses of cancer survivors (interpersonal - moderate salience), and healthy patients …

November 30, 2002 (Pages 5865-5940), Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau

Volume 32 (2002)

No abstract provided.

The Little Saints, University Of Dayton. Marian Library

Marian Library Exhibit Summaries

Archived website and summary of exhibit in the Marian Library

Exhibit dates: Thanksgiving 2002 - Thanksgiving 2003

A Simple Method For Indexing Powder Diffraction Patterns Of Cubic Materials:(1) Using The Θ-Values Of Reference, Me Kamwaya

Tanzania Journal of Science

From the values of sin2θ taken from powder photographs of the cubic crystal system, a variable constant, K, which is a multiple of (h2 + k2 + l2) can be determined. The smallest value of sin2θ1 gives rise to a multiple of one, two, or three which corresponds to the smallest value of Σhl2 for the primitive, bcc and fcc crystals, respectively. The old assumption that when indexing, the occurrence of numbers of the form (h2 + k2 + l2) = 8n + 7, where n = 0.1.2.3… should cause each of (h2 + k2 + l2) to be multiplied …

Optimization Of Edxrf For The Study Of Heavy Metal Pollution Of Lake Victoria, Nk Mahommed, In Makundi

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study reports on the optimisation and calibration of the Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer installed in the Department of Physics, University of Dar es Salaam. The spectrometer was subsequently utilized to determine concentrations of heavy metals in water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms.) found growing along the shore of Lake Victoria. The optimal conditions and detection limits were determined experimentally by variation of the excitation parameters. The study found that the use of a collimator with two apertures of diameter 4 mm each placed 8 mm apart and made of materials that do not interfere with elements to …

Comparison Of Various Methods For Estimating Wave Incident Angles In The Nearshore Zone, As Ngusaru

Tanzania Journal of Science

Five different methods were examined for their suitability in estimating the inshore wave incident angles on a nearshore zone with a complex topography. Visual observation provided preliminary estimates. Two frequency independent methods and one frequency dependent method based on current meter measurements were examined. Another frequency dependent method based on collocated bottom pressure and current meter measurements was also examined. The results from all the methods provided a reasonably consistent estimate of the inshore wave incident angles. The frequency independent methods gave exactly the same results while the frequency dependent methods had a 5% relative error among themselves. Between frequency …

The Polarising Effects In Sintered Kaolin, Fm D'Ujanga, Y Kaahwa, L Atteraas

Tanzania Journal of Science

The polarizing effects in sintered kaolin samples were analysed in terms of the sample density (or porosity) using direct current (dc) techniques. More porous samples exhibited higher polarizing effects than the less porous ones. The conduction carriers in kaolin samples at room temperature were found to be mainly electrons, with ionic conduction being enhanced by the moisture content with the pores. The influence of the uniaxial pressure and particle-size on the compacted and sintered density of the ceramic have been studied, and a density-pressure relationship before- and after-sintering conditions obtained

Studies On Benthic Denitrification In The Chwaka Bay Mangrove Sediments, Zanzibar, Sm Mahommed, Rw Johnstone

Tanzania Journal of Science

Denitrification was measured at three sites in a narrow tidal creek in the Chwaka mangrove ecosystem. Denitrification arising from water column nitrate (Dw) was low (< 0.1μM Nm-2h-1) and there was little spatial and seasonal variation in Dw rates in the creek. Coupled nitrification-denitrification (Dn) was found to be low, but within the range measured in other mangrove sediments. Average values ranged from 0.01 to 0.45 μM Nm-2h-1 and showed strong spatial variations. The low denitrifcation rates observed in the creek were possibly as a result of the low availability of NO3 and high C:N values of the organic matter in the sediment. Spatial variations in denitrification rates were due to variations in concentration levels of organic matter and possibly to disproportionate competition for inorganic nitrogen between denitrifiers and benthic autotrophs among sites. There were no seasonal differences in denitrification rates. Results from the present study suggest that sediment denitrification does not play a major role as a sink for N in this ecosystem

Interpretation Of Refelction Seismic Data From The Usangu Basin, East African Rift System, Ei Mbede

Tanzania Journal of Science

Reflection seismic data collected by AMOCO Tanzania Oil Company in the 80s, are herin used to correlate the main Usangu Basin parameters to those estimated from outcrop, gravity and aeromagnetic data. The seismic data are further used to constrain the geometry of crustal extension in this south-western sector of the East African Rift System (EARS) in Tanzania. Three distinct sedimentary packages on top of the basement reflector are interpreted and correlated to the Permo-Carboniferous Karoo rocks, the Jurassic/Cretaceous and Miocene Red Sandstone Group and Miocene to recent Lake Beds in the adjacent Rukwa basin, where the ages of the sedimentary …

Tectonic Setting Of Gabbroic Rocks In The Western Part Of The Lupa Gold Field, South-West Tanzania, Sr Mnali

Tanzania Journal of Science

There is a pronounced occurrence of gabbroic rocks in the western part of the Lupa gold field, SW Tanzania. These rocks occur in the peripheral part around the Saza-Chuya granodiorite with which it makes a gradiational, unchilled contact. The rocks have been altered or metamorphosed to low-grade greenschist facies as indicated by the presence of secondary epidote, penninite, chlorite, sericite and calcite. The majority of major-element oxides show scattered variation trends against immobile elements such as Zr, indicating some degree of element mobility during post-crystallization processes of alteration or metamorphism. Major-trace-element data show that the gabbroic rocks in the study …

Identification Of Mushroom Mycelia Using Dna Techniques, Mhs Muruke, Ak Kivaisi, Fss Magingo, E Danell

Tanzania Journal of Science

The suitability of using DNA techniques in the determination of relatedness of mushroom fruiting bodies to isolated mycelia was examined. Nine isolates of edible mushroom mycelia of general Oudemansiella, Coprinus and Pleurotus were identified using fruiting bodies as references. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in conbination with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RLFP) analyses were carried out on fruiting bodies and mycelia of the isolates. The internally transcribed spacer region (ITS) and ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) was amplified using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The RLFP analysis was carried out on the regions amplified by PCR from fruiting bodies and the mycelia was …

Mobility And Immobility Of Mid-Ocean Ridges And Their Implications To Mantle Dynamics, Me Kamwaya

Tanzania Journal of Science

In the past two decades, the mobility of mid-ocean ridges relative to the mantle (absolute migration) have been correlated with major observable features, such as, spreading asymmetry and asymmetry in the abundance of seamounts. The mobility of mid-ocean ridges is also thought to be an important factor that influences the diversity of ridge-crest basalts. However, the mobility of mid-ocean ridges have not yet been defined and mapped. The absolute migration of global mid-ocean ridges since 85 Ma has been computed and mapped. Global mid-ocean ridges have migrated extensively at varying velocities during that period. Presently, the fast-migrating ridges are the …

Volume 40, Number 14: November 29, 2002, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

The Natural History Of Reproduction In Solanum And Lycianthes (Solanaceae) In A Subtropical Moist Forest, Stacey Dewitt Smith, Sandra Knapp

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The phenology and pollination of seven understory species of buzz-pollinated Solanaceae (Solanum erythrotrichum, S. lanceifolium, S. rudepannum, S. cordovense, S. nudum, Lycianthes hypoleuca and L. gorgonea) were investigated at the end of the dry season in the subtropical moist forest at the Las Cuevas Research Station, Chiquibul Forest Reserve, Cayo District, western Belize. Three phenological phenomena were tracked: the opening and closing of flowers, flower production and fruit production. The large short-lived white flowers of S. lanceifolium, S. rudepannum, Lycianthes hypoleuca and L. gorgonea opened around sunrise and closed at sunset. The purple flowers of S. erythrotrichum and …

Theoretical Issues In The Economics Of International Trade And Environment., Meeta Keswani Mehra Dr.

Doctoral Theses

In the wake of substantial trade liberalization in the world economy over the last two decades and growing environmental consciousness, the issues of the impacts of international goods trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) on local and global environment are becoming increasingly contentious. Whilst trade and FDI have been said to bring higher incomes and well-being for all, these are seen to act as "magnifiers" of environmental deterioration - especially in the developing countries. On the other hand, growing environmentalism is perceived to act as an impediment to freer trade and investment flows across countries. Hence, the central issues are …

Lithium Intercalation Performance Of P-Doped Phenolic Resin Pyrolysis Carbon, Bao-Hua Li, Kai-Xi Li, Yonggen Lv, Chun-Xiang Lv, Dong Wu, Li-Cheng Ling

Journal of Electrochemistry

Phosphorus-doped phenolic resin carbon was prepared by low temperature (700 ℃) pyrolysis of thermoplastic phenolic resin containing different amounts of phosphorus pentoxide after curing. X-ray diffraction pattern and the constang-current charge-discharge properties of phenolic resin carbon were studied. The results showed that the phenolic resin carbon microstructure became out of order with increasing of content phosphorus pentoxide, otherwise, the first discharge reversible capacities increased firstly and then decreased. The first discharge reversible capacity of phenolic resin carbon containing 9wt% phosphorus pentoxide was 528 mA·h·g^-1 which was higher than that of non-phosphorus doped phenolic resin carbon(230 mA·h·g^-1) did.

Index Of Recent Literatures In Electrochemical Technique And Its Applications, Editorial Office Of J.Electrochem.

Journal of Electrochemistry

No abstract provided.

Review Of Mathematical Model For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Shan-Hai Ge, Bao-Lian Yi, Hua-Min Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

In the review with 49 references, the mathematical models for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) were summarized. The mechanistic model and empirical model were introduced. Transfer in the membrane, catalyst layer, diffusion layer and flow field of PEMFC were described. The importance of water and heat management was analyzed. The dimension, complexity and solving methods of the PEMFC model were discussed. The importance and validity to develop a model with time dimension are put forward.

Detection And Analysis Of Sec1 Immunological Reaction By Afm And Electrochemical Method, Sa-Ying Dong, Hong-Ren Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The goals of this work were to demonstrate the ability of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to detect various immunological processes between antibodies and antigens.A sensor was designed by covalently linking the antibody of staphylococcal enterotoxin Cl (SEC1) on the self-assembled gold surface. This sensor permitted detection of antibody-antigen recognition events which were highly correlated with the topography under different conditions. The statistic data of AFM were analysed. As control experiments, nonspecific antigens and lower concentration SEC1 antigens were directly observed. In addition, an acidic solution was used to break the antigen-antibody pair and made the sensor reuse. Electrochemical evidence was …

An Investigation On Microstructure And Performance Of The Recasting Perfluorosulfonated Membrane, Feng-Ling Liu, Rong Zeng, Pei-Jin Li, Pin-Qing Wang, Chang-Hong Zhao

Journal of Electrochemistry

The microsturcture and performance of the recasting perfluorosulfonated membrane were investigated by comparison with Nafion. The results indicated that although chemical components of the recasting membrane FYM1150 kept the same as Nafion, the dry FYM1150 differed from dry Nafion membrane in structure, the former possessed some small pores which are not through-holes having a diameter of 50～300 nm while the latter had almost no pores; The mechanical properties of the FYM1150 were better than those of Nafion; The discharge performance at high current density of MEA using FYM1150 membrane as an electrolyte was also better than one using Nafion as …

The Weekly Challenger, November 28, 2002, The Weekly Challenger, Et Al

Weekly Challenger Newspaper Collection

The November 28, 2002, issue of The Weekly Challenger.

Searches For Excited Fermions In Ep Collisions At Hera, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, A. Pellegrino, J. Repond, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Levi, A. Margotti, T. Massam, R. Nania, F. Palmonari, A. Pesci, G. Sartorelli

Faculty Publications

Searches in ep collisions for heavy excited fermions have been performed with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Excited states of electrons and quarks have been searched for in e+ p collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 300 GeV using an integrated luminosity of 47.7 pb-1. Excited electrons have been sought via the decays e± → eγ, e± → eZ and e± → vW. Excited quarks have been sought via the decays q± → qγ and q± → qW. A search for excited neutrinos decaying via v± → vγ, v± → vZ and v± → eW is presented using e-p collisions …

Preparation And Electrochemical Lithium Intercalation Performance Of Different Shaped Carbon Nanotube, Mao-Hui Chen, Zhen-Cai Huang, Guo-Tao Wu, Jin-Kua You, Zu-Geng Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

In the present work, different shaped carbon nanotubes were produced by the general CVD and the template method at different temperature (600 ℃,700 ℃) with the reaction gas of acetylene. The morphology, structure and the electrochemical lithium intercalation performance were comparatively studied and characterized by TEM, HRTEM, SEM, XRD, Raman techniques and Charge/Discharge Test. It was found that the different preparation methods and temperatures all had an obvious effect on these properties of carbon nanotubes. In our samples, with the increase of preparation temperature, the degree of crystallinity decreased, and the reversible specific capacity increased respectively.

Nano-Sized Cobalt-Based Oxides As Negative Electrode For Lithium-Ion Batteries, Feng Huang, Zheng-Yong Yuan, Yun-Hong Zhou, Ju-Tang Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

Nanosized cobalt-based oxide (Co₃O₄, CoB_1.36O_2.8 and CoB_0.5Al_0.1O_1.5) samples were prepared by rheological phase method and were tested as anodes in secondary lithium batteries. The cells were cycled between 0.01V and 3.00 V. The best electrochemical performance was obtained from the Co₃O₄ cell, which retained 95% of its initial capacity (931 mAh/g) after 30 cycles. The doping of B, Al reduced the reversible capacity during the first discharge/charge cycle, and the quantity of reversible capacity reduced with B, Al increasing. The modifying structures at difference …

Properties Of Domestic Natural Graphite Used For Li-Ion Batteries, Cui-Wei Du, Yu-Juan Zhao, Gang Zhang, Yin-Shun Wu, Qing-Guo Liu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The structure, physical characteristics and electrochemical properties of the natural graphite produced in Shandong province have been studied. The result of X-ray diffraction showed that the graphite consisted of hexagonal structure and rhombic structure (30% rhombic structure). It was fine crystal graphite. Used as a negative material of Lithium ion battery, the natural graphite showed excellent voltage and high energy capacity, but poor compatibility with electrolyte solution containing propylene carbonate (PC) for its own structure limitation.

Effect Of Dissolved Oxygen On The Corrosion Behavior Of Coalesced Copper And Stainless Steel-206 In Acetic Solutions, Rong-Zong Hu, Xiong-Cao Zhao, Yu-Hua Weng, Chang-Jian Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

Linear sweeping technique and dissolving oxygen sensor were used to study the effect of dissolved oxygen and relating factors on the corrosion behavior of coalesced copper and stainless steel-206 in acetic solutions. It was found: 1. The existing of dissolved oxygen is one of the important factors, which strongly influenced the corrosion behavior of coalesced copper and stainless steel-206 in acetic solution. 2. The existing of dissolved oxygen is benefitial to the preventing stainless steel-206 from corrosion in acetic solutions, but damage to the preventing coalesced copper from corrosion. 3. At the high temperature since the dissolved oxygen was escaping …

Improvement Of The Low Temperature Electrochemical Performance Of Ab5-Type Hydrogen Storage Alloy, Hui Ye, Zhu Wu, Zhi-Lin Li, Hong Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Optimizing the rare earth composition and doping with boron have been used to improve the low temperature performance of AB₅ hydrogen storage alloy. The results show that Ce-rich alloy with a proper amount of boron is suitable for Ni/MH battery with the lower-limit temperature down to 238 K under smaller current density (≤120 mA/g). The improvement of low temperature performance of hydrogen storage alloy is well consistent with its microstructure, thermodynamic and kinetic properties.

Electrochemical Preparation And Reaction Mechanism Of Nanocrystalline Nio, Jia-Shan Gu, Ai-Jie Han, Xing-Fu Zhou, Dao-Bao Chu, Chang-Jian Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

Metallic nickel was electrochemically dissolved in absolute ethanol and acetylacetone mixed solutions and in the presence of Bu₄NBr (as an electron-conductive additive). The electrolyte solution containing the precursor was then directly hydrolyzed to obtain nanocrystalline NiO. The precursor was characterized by FTIR, HNMR, Raman spectra and the nano-powder was characterized by XRD and TEM. The results showed that the NiO powder after calcined at 450 ℃ had formed the cubic NaCl structure and the nanocrystalline NiO prepared by this method had narrow size distribution of 10～15 nm. Moreover, the product yield could be improved by controlling temperature below …