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2002

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Mom & Pop V. Dot-Com: A Disparity In Taxation Based On How You Shop?, Jaime Klima Dec 2002

Mom & Pop V. Dot-Com: A Disparity In Taxation Based On How You Shop?, Jaime Klima

Duke Law & Technology Review

With the extension of the Internet Tax Freedom Act, concern has resurfaced over whether and when shoppers will be forced to pay state sales taxes on purchases made over the Internet. In fact, consumers should be paying sales tax on all Internet purchases, though few actually do. This iBrief explores the current law on taxation of e-commerce purchases and argues that small modifications by state tax administrators will align the tax treatment of mom & pop stores and e-retailers.

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'Tis The Spirit Of The Season, Staff Report Dec 2002

'Tis The Spirit Of The Season, Staff Report

University of Mississippi News

University of Mississippi Physical Plant employees ended their annual Christmas Basket drive with lots of food, toys and clothing for those less fortunate. Getting ready to load their bounty onto a truck to deliver to challenged families throughout the city and county are (from left) Cory Jones, David Nordan, Mike Todd, Pauline Beard, Laura Winter, Jerry Harwell, Andrew Thomas, Neal Sellers, Randall Tropp, Jeff Jenkins and Randy Nelson.

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Clemson Commencement Program, December 2002, Clemson University Dec 2002

Clemson Commencement Program, December 2002, Clemson University

Clemson Commencement Programs

No abstract provided.

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Campus Chronicle (Vol. 5, No. 19), Valparaiso University Dec 2002

Campus Chronicle (Vol. 5, No. 19), Valparaiso University

Campus Chronicle

No abstract provided.

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Two-Photon Bremsstrahlung Processes In Atoms: Polarization Effects And Analytic Results For The Coulomb Potential, A. A. Krylovetskiĭ, N. L. Manakov, S. I. Marmo, Anthony F. Starace Dec 2002

Two-Photon Bremsstrahlung Processes In Atoms: Polarization Effects And Analytic Results For The Coulomb Potential, A. A. Krylovetskiĭ, N. L. Manakov, S. I. Marmo, Anthony F. Starace

Anthony F. Starace Publications

The partial wave analysis of two-photon free–free (bremsstrahlung) electron transition cross sections during scattering by a static potential U(r), as well as by an atom with a nonzero angular momentum, is carried out. The dipole interaction with radiation is taken into account in the second order of perturbation theory for the general case of elliptic polarization of photons. The polarization and angular dependences of the twophoton potential scattering amplitude is presented as a combination of the scalar product of electron momenta and photon polarization vectors and five atomic parameters containing Legendre polynomials of the scattering angle as …

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Deafdigest: Deaf Sports News December 18, 2002, Barry Strassler Dec 2002

Deafdigest: Deaf Sports News December 18, 2002, Barry Strassler

DeafDigest Sports 2002

No abstract provided.

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Self-Sufficiency Ecological Stress And Rural Poverty In Kibwezi Division Kenya, James Fitzsimmons Dec 2002

Self-Sufficiency Ecological Stress And Rural Poverty In Kibwezi Division Kenya, James Fitzsimmons

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

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Otter Realm, December 18, 2002, Vol. 8 No. 7, California State University, Monterey Bay Dec 2002

Otter Realm, December 18, 2002, Vol. 8 No. 7, California State University, Monterey Bay

The Otter Realm

Fall 2002 Capstone Festival -- Students rally in Long Beach against budget cuts -- Patriots smacked? -- Alumni wins seat on Salinas City Council -- Why no winter formal? -- What the holiday season should be -- For colored girls who have considered suicide "When the rainbow is enuf" -- Students amazed, empowered by "When the Rainbow is Enuf" -- Remembering 9/11 -- KAZU: Past, Present, and Future -- CSUMB.EDU revisions in the works -- Los Californios in Monterey -- Political participation fair -- Leadership series at CSUMB -- Otter Blotter -- Divided We Fall -- Demolition over winter break …

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A Fast Connection-Time Redirection Mechanism For Internet Application Scalability, Michael Haungs, Raju Pandey, Earl Barr, J. Fritz Barnes Dec 2002

A Fast Connection-Time Redirection Mechanism For Internet Application Scalability, Michael Haungs, Raju Pandey, Earl Barr, J. Fritz Barnes

Computer Science and Software Engineering

Applications that are distributed, fault tolerant, or perform dynamic load balancing rely on redirection techniques, such as network address translation (NAT), DNS request routing, or middleware to handle Internet scale loads. In this paper, we describe a new connection redirection mechanism that allows applications to change end-points of communication channels. The mechanism supports redirections across LANs and WANs and is application-independent. Further, it does not introduce any central bottlenecks. We have implemented the redirection mechanism using a novel end-point control session layer. The performance results show that the overhead of the mechanism is minimal. Further, Internet applications built using this …

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Curricular Affairs Committee Report #409, University Of Rhode Island Faculty Senate Dec 2002

Curricular Affairs Committee Report #409, University Of Rhode Island Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Committee Reports and Appendices

No abstract provided.

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Level Oriented Formal Model For Asynchronous Circuit Verification And Its Efficient Analysis Method, Eric G. Mercer, Tomoya Kitai, Chris Myers, Yusuke Oguro, Tomohiro Yoneda Dec 2002

Level Oriented Formal Model For Asynchronous Circuit Verification And Its Efficient Analysis Method, Eric G. Mercer, Tomoya Kitai, Chris Myers, Yusuke Oguro, Tomohiro Yoneda

Faculty Publications

Using a level-oriented model for verification of asynchronous circuits helps users to easily construct formal models with high readability or to naturally model datapath circuits. On the other hand, in order to use such a model on large circuits, techniques to avoid the state explosion problem must be developed. This paper first introduces a level-oriented formal model based on time Petri nets, and then proposes its partial order reduction algorithm that prunes unnecessary state generation while guaranteeing the correctness of the verification.

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Boot Camps, Gaylene Armstrong, Doris Layton Mackenzie Dec 2002

Boot Camps, Gaylene Armstrong, Doris Layton Mackenzie

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Sea Surface Salinity Measurements In The Historical Database, Frederick M. Bingham, Stephan D. Howden, Chester J. Koblinsky Dec 2002

Sea Surface Salinity Measurements In The Historical Database, Frederick M. Bingham, Stephan D. Howden, Chester J. Koblinsky

Faculty Publications

We have examined historical distributions of sea surface salinity (SSS) observations in a data set consisting of a combination of the World Ocean Database 1998 (WOD98) and a thermosalinograph and bucket salinity database collected from volunteer observing ships. It is well known that SSS in much of the world's ocean is measured infrequently or not at all. We find that 27% of one-degree squares in the world ocean (open and coastal, excluding the Arctic Ocean) had no observations of SSS in the historical database, and 70% had 10 or fewer. Systematic sampling of SSS (more than 10,000 observations per year …

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Smart Growth: Intermunicipal Innovation In Orange County, John R. Nolon Dec 2002

Smart Growth: Intermunicipal Innovation In Orange County, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This article tells the story of the town of Warwick, a rapidly developing town in Orange County, New York, made up of three separate villages. Warwick’s proactive measures to prevent the sprawl development phenomenon through the use of an intermunicipal compact was met with much opposition by the three individual village governments, as well as individual citizens. Through the use of mediation, a popular alternative resolution dispute method, representatives from the villages negotiated an intermunicpal plan that satisfied the needs all three villages, while still meeting the original objectives of preserving open space, scenic views, and agricultural lands.

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Search For Minimal Supergravity In Single-Electron Events With Jets And Large Missing Transverse Energy In Pp̅ Collisions At √S =1.8 Tev, V. M. Abazov, Gregory R. Snow, D0 Collaboration Dec 2002

Search For Minimal Supergravity In Single-Electron Events With Jets And Large Missing Transverse Energy In Pp̅ Collisions At √S =1.8 Tev, V. M. Abazov, Gregory R. Snow, D0 Collaboration

Gregory Snow Publications

We describe a search for evidence of minimal supergravity (MSUGRA) in 92.7 pb-1 of data collected with the DØ detector at the Fermilab Tevatron pp̅ collider at√s =1.8 TeV. Events with a single electron, four or more jets, and large missing transverse energy were used in this search. The major backgrounds are from W +jets, misidentified multijet, tt̅, and WW production. We observe no excess above the expected number of background events in our data. A new limit in terms of MSUGRA model parameters is obtained.

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Comparison Of Snowshoe Hare Populations In Interior Alaska, Bjorn Flora Dec 2002

Comparison Of Snowshoe Hare Populations In Interior Alaska, Bjorn Flora

Biological Sciences

Snowshoe hares, Lepus americanus, are a 'keystone' prey species in northern boreal forests and experience population fluctuations of 8-11-years. Despite intense responses of both vegetation and predators to changes in hare densities, landscape-scale comparisons of hare populations in Alaska have been limited to qualitative descriptions. We conducted capture-recapture studies of snowshoe hares at 5 locales in the Tanana valley, from Tok in the east to Clear in the west from 1999 to 2002. Snowshoe hare densities were highest in 1999 (x=6.36 ha⁻¹, SE=0.63) and declined thereafter. We were unable to detect declines in apparent survival during declining densities in our …

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Winter Foraging Ecology Of Moose In The Tanana Flats And Alaska Range Foothills, C. Tom Seaton Dec 2002

Winter Foraging Ecology Of Moose In The Tanana Flats And Alaska Range Foothills, C. Tom Seaton

Biological Sciences

I studied woody browse distribution, production, removal, species composition, twig size, moose diets, and predicted daily intake of resident and migratory moose in the Tanana Flats and adjacent Alaska Range Foothills, Alaska, 1999-2000. Density of moose in these areas was high (1.1 moose/km²). Moose were experiencing density-dependent effects on reproduction and growth, exhibited by low adult twinning rate (6%) and absence of pregnant yearlings, yet 17.5 kg higher 10-month-old calf body weights in the migratory segment. Of all willow, poplar, and paper birch plants sampled, 74% had a broomed architecture, which I attributed to heavy use by moose. Using a …

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Canenermiut Lifeways And Worldview And Western Fish And Wildlife Management, Carl T. Jack Dec 2002

Canenermiut Lifeways And Worldview And Western Fish And Wildlife Management, Carl T. Jack

Rural Development

The Canenermiut inter-generational worldview embodies the proper use and conservation of the resources necessary to sustain life from time immemorial. The classical Yupiaq conservation ethics in the utilization of subsistence resources are well established and practiced to this day by Canenermiut that is geared to the survival of their culture and community. When western fish and wildlife managers promulgate regulations from urban areas of Alaska on the taking of subsistence resources in rural Alaska they often find out that rural residents such as the Canenermiut ... are unwilling to follow the regulations. Caneneq is a coastal area between Kusquqvak (Kuskokwim) …

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Cultural And Linguistic Sensitivity In Assessment Tools: An Adaptation Of The Drinkers Inventory Of Consequences For Alaska Natives, Tony Cantil Dec 2002

Cultural And Linguistic Sensitivity In Assessment Tools: An Adaptation Of The Drinkers Inventory Of Consequences For Alaska Natives, Tony Cantil

Psychology

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of a new assessment tool for Alaska Native clients with alcoholism. A sample of 23 Yup'ik clients at a regional treatment center were interviewed using the Drinker Inventory of Consequences for Alaska Natives (DrInC-AN), an adaption of the Drinker Inventory of Consequence (DrInC), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Yup'ik Cultural Practices and Traditions (YCPT). These clients were selected, on a voluntary basis during the intake interview to the treatment center. Historically, assessment tools in alcoholism have not been culturally or linguistically sensitive to Alaska Native and …

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Excitation Of The Ionized Nitrogen Molecule In The Aurora, Kim Nielsen Dec 2002

Excitation Of The Ionized Nitrogen Molecule In The Aurora, Kim Nielsen

Physics

An understanding of the excitation mechanism of the ionospheric molecules during auroral activity is of vital importance for the overall ionospheric understanding including its interaction with the magnetosphere. In this thesis we study two emissions originating from the excited nitrogen molecule ion. The first negative (0,1) emission at 4278 Å originating from the B state, and Meinel (2,0) emission at 7852 Å originating from the A state during moderate to strong aurora have been observed with an imaging spectrograph at Poker Flat, Alaska. The B state has a short lifetime compared to the inverse collision frequency at auroral altitudes, while …

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The Trace Formulas For A Half-Line Schrodinger Operator With Long-Range Potentials, Sergei M. Belov Dec 2002

The Trace Formulas For A Half-Line Schrodinger Operator With Long-Range Potentials, Sergei M. Belov

Theses (Unassigned)

The present work deals with trace formulas for a half-line Schrödinger operator with long-range potentials. These formulas relate the potential with some scattering data. We generalize some relevant results by Buslaev; Faddeev; Gesztesy, Holden, Simon, and others to the case of square integrable potentials. The relation between the number of the trace formulas and the number of integrable derivatives of the potential is also given.

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Proinflammatory Cytokines Induce A Rac1-Mediated Superoxide-Dependent Reorganization Of The Actin Cytoskeleton In Neuronal Cells, Shelli Stewart Smeets Dec 2002

Proinflammatory Cytokines Induce A Rac1-Mediated Superoxide-Dependent Reorganization Of The Actin Cytoskeleton In Neuronal Cells, Shelli Stewart Smeets

Chemistry and Biochemistry

A dynamic actin cytoskeleton in central nervous system (CNS) neurons is pivotal for regeneration. Following acute CNS trauma, the proinflammatory cytokines TNF[alpha] and IL-1[beta] become expressed in cells and induce Rac 1-mediated actin filament reorganization. Also, Rac 1 regulates a NAD(P)H oxidase activity that generates superoxide (·O₂). This study's objective was to determine whether TNF[alpha] and/or IL-1[beta] induce a Rac 1-dependent actin filament reorganization in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and in chick spinal cord neurons via the signaling intermediate, superoxide. SH-SY5Y cells respond to soluble TNF[alpha] or IL-1[beta] with transient, biphasic actin filament reorganization. Over a time period of 30 min, …

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Energy‐Constrained Open‐System Magmatic Processes 3. Energy‐Constrained Recharge, Assimilation, And Fractional Crystallization (Ec‐Rafc), Frank J. Spera, Wendy A. Bohrson Dec 2002

Energy‐Constrained Open‐System Magmatic Processes 3. Energy‐Constrained Recharge, Assimilation, And Fractional Crystallization (Ec‐Rafc), Frank J. Spera, Wendy A. Bohrson

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Geochemical data for igneous rock suites provide conclusive evidence for the occurrence of open‐system processes within thermally and compositionally evolving magma bodies. The most significant processes include magma Recharge (with possible enclave formation and magma mixing), Assimilation of anatectic melt derived from wallrock partial melting and formation of cumulates by Fractional Crystallization (RAFC). In this study, we extend the Energetically Constrained Assimilation and Fractional Crystallization (EC‐AFC) model [Spera and Bohrson, 2001; Bohrson and Spera, 2001] to include the addition of compositionally and thermally distinct recharge melt during simultaneous assimilation and fractional crystallization. Energy‐Constrained Recharge, Assimilation, and Fractional …

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Predicting Contaminant Transport Pathways In The Caribou-Poker Creek Research Watershed, Vincent Autier Dec 2002

Predicting Contaminant Transport Pathways In The Caribou-Poker Creek Research Watershed, Vincent Autier

Theses (Unassigned)

In order to evaluate the impact of natural organic matter (NOM) on drinking water, the hydrology of the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) was considered. The CPCRW provided an excellent opportunity to investigate contaminant transport as it relates to hydrology in a well studied, discontinuous permafrost environment. The seasonal variation of organic chemistry of three different water sources (i.e. ground water, artesian spring and stream) was studied during the course of the year 2001. This thesis comprises three chapters, each of which seeks to gain a better understanding of the contaminant transport pathways in a boreal watershed, Caribou Poker Creeks …

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Steps To Freedom: The Process Of Escaping Abuse, Sandra J. Armstrong Dec 2002

Steps To Freedom: The Process Of Escaping Abuse, Sandra J. Armstrong

Psychology

The purpose of this study was to look at factors involved in the process of women leaving abusive relationships. In two interviews of one to two hours each, each of the three women told the story of her abusive relationship. Study findings indicate that these women began abusive relationships during unstable or chaotic periods of their lives, when they were more vulnerable to manipulation. The abuse caused a distortion of reality for these women, but as soon as they were able to gain a clear view of reality, they immediately left their relationships.

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A Brief History Of The University Of Alaska In Sitka: The First Forty Years, David R. Knapp Dec 2002

A Brief History Of The University Of Alaska In Sitka: The First Forty Years, David R. Knapp

UAS History Documents

No abstract provided.

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The Bg News December 17, 2002, Bowling Green State University Dec 2002

The Bg News December 17, 2002, Bowling Green State University

BG News (Student Newspaper)

The BGSU campus student newspaper. December 17, 2002. Volume 91-Issue 74.

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Growth, Foraging Behavior And Distribution Of Age-0 Arctic Grayling In An Alaskan Stream, Cheryl Ann Dion Dec 2002

Growth, Foraging Behavior And Distribution Of Age-0 Arctic Grayling In An Alaskan Stream, Cheryl Ann Dion

Fisheries

I evaluated the ability of three models to relate habitat characteristics to habitat quality for age-0 Arctic grayling Thymallullus arcticus in an Alaska stream. A temperature-based growth model made accurate predictions, showing it can reliably assess thermal habitat quality. Deviations between predicted and observed growth were useful because they identified the timing of possible critical periods, when competition for food or space may cause density-dependent mortality and emigration. A foraging model consistently overestimated the mean prey size of fish, showing that such models need further work before then can accurately assess food availability from invertebrate drift. A habitat selection model …

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Patentable Subject [Anti]Matter, Kristoffer Leftwich Dec 2002

Patentable Subject [Anti]Matter, Kristoffer Leftwich

Duke Law & Technology Review

The statements, "The laws of nature," "the principles of nature," "the fundamental truths," etc., are not patentable, have been oft repeated but seldom understandingly used. They have led to misunderstanding and much confusion, not limited to members of the bar. In fact, the words... are all words of broad and also elastic meaning and are frequently used carelessly and without any attempt at refined distinctions.

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The Limnology Of Lake Clark, Alaska, Alexander Xanthus Wilkens Dec 2002

The Limnology Of Lake Clark, Alaska, Alexander Xanthus Wilkens

Biological Sciences

This study gathered baseline limnological data to investigate the thermal structure, water quality, phytoplankton, and zooplankton of Lake Clark, Alaska. Results indicate Lake Clark is oligotrophic and mixes biannually, but stratification is weak and thermoclines are deep. Longitudinal gradients were seen in measurements of temperature, suspended solids, turbidity, light penetration, algal biomass, and zooplankton density. Wind and tributary inputs determine the thermal regime. Glacially-influenced tributaries drive turbidity and light gradients by introducing suspended solids to the inlet end of the lake. Suspended solids likely create the algal biomass gradient by limiting the light available for photosynthesis in the inlet basin. …

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