Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2002

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 10891 - 10920 of 11918

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Direct Measurements Of Light Attenuation By Epiphytes On Eelgrass Zostera Marina, Mark J. Brush, Scott W. Nixon Jan 2002

Direct Measurements Of Light Attenuation By Epiphytes On Eelgrass Zostera Marina, Mark J. Brush, Scott W. Nixon

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Declines in the seagrass Zostera marina L. in estuaries and lagoons have been attributed in part to reductions in irradiance reaching the seagrass blades. Epiphytes growing on Z. marina have the potential to attenuate a large fraction of the light that would otherwise reach the blades. This problem has previously been studied by measuring light penetration through homogenized epiphytic slurries or through glass slides fouled with epiphytes. However, the latter may not represent the natural succession or species composition found on live Z. marina leaves and the former does not preserve the structure of the epiphytic complex. Further, past studies …

Go to article

A Critical Evaluation Of Interlaboratory Data On Total, Elemental, And Isotopic Carbon In The Carbonaceous Particle Reference Material, Nist Srm 1649a, L. A. Currie, B. A. Benner Jr., J. D. Kessler, D. R. Klinedinst, G. A. Klouda, J. V. Marolf, J. F. Slater, S. A. Wise, H. Cachier, R. Cary, J. C. Chow, J. Watson, E. R. M. Druffel, C. A. Masiello, T. I. Eglinton, A. Pearson, C. M. Reddy, Ö. Gustafsson, James G. Quinn, P. C. Hartmann, J. I. Hedges, K. M. Prentice, T. W. Kirchstetter, T. Novakow, H. Puxbaum, H. Schmid Jan 2002

A Critical Evaluation Of Interlaboratory Data On Total, Elemental, And Isotopic Carbon In The Carbonaceous Particle Reference Material, Nist Srm 1649a, L. A. Currie, B. A. Benner Jr., J. D. Kessler, D. R. Klinedinst, G. A. Klouda, J. V. Marolf, J. F. Slater, S. A. Wise, H. Cachier, R. Cary, J. C. Chow, J. Watson, E. R. M. Druffel, C. A. Masiello, T. I. Eglinton, A. Pearson, C. M. Reddy, Ö. Gustafsson, James G. Quinn, P. C. Hartmann, J. I. Hedges, K. M. Prentice, T. W. Kirchstetter, T. Novakow, H. Puxbaum, H. Schmid

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Go to article

The Invalidity Of Icann's Udrp Under National Law, Holger P. Hestermeyer Jan 2002

The Invalidity Of Icann's Udrp Under National Law, Holger P. Hestermeyer

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Where To Draw The Line Between Reverse Engineering And Infringement: Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc., Derek Prestin Jan 2002

Where To Draw The Line Between Reverse Engineering And Infringement: Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc., Derek Prestin

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

Go to article

The Application Of Collateral Estoppel To Markman Rulings: The Search For Logical And Effective Preclusion Of Patent Claim Constructions, Timothy Le Duc Jan 2002

The Application Of Collateral Estoppel To Markman Rulings: The Search For Logical And Effective Preclusion Of Patent Claim Constructions, Timothy Le Duc

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Jack And The Beanstalk: Property Rights In Genetically Modified Plants, Nathan A. Busch Jan 2002

Jack And The Beanstalk: Property Rights In Genetically Modified Plants, Nathan A. Busch

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

Go to article

To Use Or Not To Use: Reforming Patent Infringement, The Public Use Bar, And The Experimental Use Doctrine As Applied To Clinical Testing Of Pharmaceutical And Medical Device Invention, Shashank Upadhye Jan 2002

To Use Or Not To Use: Reforming Patent Infringement, The Public Use Bar, And The Experimental Use Doctrine As Applied To Clinical Testing Of Pharmaceutical And Medical Device Invention, Shashank Upadhye

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Treating Persons As Ends In Themselves: The Legal Implications Of A Kantian Principle, R. George Wright Jan 2002

Treating Persons As Ends In Themselves: The Legal Implications Of A Kantian Principle, R. George Wright

University of Richmond Law Review

In one of the most stirring passages in modern ethics, Immanuel Kant famously enjoins: "act that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means." Precisely what Kant means here, however, is not entirely clear. More than one interpretation of this formula is possible. But the importance of Kant's "formula of ends" in modern moral philosophy is impossi- ble to deny.

Go to article

Signaling, Legitimacy, And Compliance: A Comment On Posner's Law And Social Norms And Criminal Law Policy, Tracey L. Meares Jan 2002

Signaling, Legitimacy, And Compliance: A Comment On Posner's Law And Social Norms And Criminal Law Policy, Tracey L. Meares

University of Richmond Law Review

Although criminal law can be justified with respect to non-utilitarian goals such as retribution, no one can deny that one way to justify criminal law is with respect to the instrumental ends of deterrence. So, one question of interest to scholars in the field has been how to think about the kinds of criminal law policy that encourage compliance. My own work has focused on this important question. Specifically, I have been concerned with the ways in which different kinds of criminal proscriptions, along with certain methods of law enforcement, could affect crime rates in disadvantaged, urban neighborhoods. In undertaking …

Go to article

I'Ll Take My Sin Taxes Unwrapped And Maximized, With A Side Of Inelasticity, Please, David J. Depippo Jan 2002

I'Ll Take My Sin Taxes Unwrapped And Maximized, With A Side Of Inelasticity, Please, David J. Depippo

University of Richmond Law Review

Why tax? Are taxes truly "what we pay for [a] civilized society?" Or, are taxes merely collected "to pay for the responsibilities we have assigned to our [g]overnment?" Despite the debate that might erupt over whether the implementation of responsible government is synonymous with the promotion of civilized society, all entities need money to operate. The government is no different. So, while the initial answer to the opening question is simple, it only begs the more serious of inquiries; the government having the power to tax, so, what shall be taxed?

Go to article

Invitation For Proposals For 2002 Annual Meeting, Mary K. Bendixen-Noe, Kim Metcalf Jan 2002

Invitation For Proposals For 2002 Annual Meeting, Mary K. Bendixen-Noe, Kim Metcalf

Mid-Western Educational Researcher

Invitation for Proposals

Go to article

Invitation For Proposals For 2002 Annual Meeting, Mary K. Bendixen-Noe, Kim Metcalf Jan 2002

Invitation For Proposals For 2002 Annual Meeting, Mary K. Bendixen-Noe, Kim Metcalf

Mid-Western Educational Researcher

Invitation for Proposals

Go to article

Cover And Contents Jan 2002

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Biology

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Novel Approach To Mass Tort Class Actions: The Billion Dollar Settlement In The Sulzer Artificial Hip And Knee Litigation: A Symposium, Susan J. Becker, R. Eric Kennedy, Kathleen Mcdonald O'Malley The Honorable, Sidney A. Backstrom Jan 2002

Novel Approach To Mass Tort Class Actions: The Billion Dollar Settlement In The Sulzer Artificial Hip And Knee Litigation: A Symposium, Susan J. Becker, R. Eric Kennedy, Kathleen Mcdonald O'Malley The Honorable, Sidney A. Backstrom

Journal of Law and Health

This is a transcript of a two hour symposium which deals with the Sulzer knee and hip replacement class action. A copy of the settlement is included as an appendix. The settlement in the U.S. District Court for the N.D. Ohio was unique and creative approach to resolving a mass tort class action. In a novel move, Sulzer agreed to open its books to an independent review firm to determine how much the firm could pay without going bankrupt. The number was $1 billion. As negotiated by the parties and approved by the court, the final settlement provides compensation for …

Go to article

Broke Or Exploited: The Real Reason Behind Artist Bankruptcies, Risa C. Letowsky Jan 2002

Broke Or Exploited: The Real Reason Behind Artist Bankruptcies, Risa C. Letowsky

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Go to article

2002-2003 Lindenwood University Graduate Course Catalog, Lindenwood University Jan 2002

2002-2003 Lindenwood University Graduate Course Catalog, Lindenwood University

Course Catalogs

Lindenwood University Graduate Course Catalog

Go to article

2002-2003 Lindenwood University Undergraduate Course Catalog, Lindenwood University Jan 2002

2002-2003 Lindenwood University Undergraduate Course Catalog, Lindenwood University

Course Catalogs

Lindenwood University Undergraduate Course Catalog

Go to article

Estimation Of Diffusion Coefficient Of Lithium In Carbon Using Ac Impedance Technique, Qingzhi Guo, Venkat R. Subramanian, John W. Weidner, Ralph E. White Jan 2002

Estimation Of Diffusion Coefficient Of Lithium In Carbon Using Ac Impedance Technique, Qingzhi Guo, Venkat R. Subramanian, John W. Weidner, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

The validity of estimating the solid phase diffusion coefficient, Ds, of a lithium intercalation electrode from impedance measurement by a modified electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method is studied. A macroscopic porous electrode model and concentrated electrolyte theory are used to simulate the synthetic impedance data. The modified EIS method is applied for estimating Ds. The influence of parameters such as the exchange current density, radius of active material particle, solid phase conductivity, porosity, volume fraction of inert material, and thickness of the porous carbon intercalation electrode, the solution phase diffusion coefficient, and transference number, on the …

Go to article

Using Sputter Deposition To Increase Co Tolerance In A Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Andrew T. Haug, Ralph E. White, John W. Weidner, Wayne Huang, Steven Shi, Narender Rana, Stephan Grunow, Timothy C. Stoner, Alain E. Kaloyeros Jan 2002

Using Sputter Deposition To Increase Co Tolerance In A Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Andrew T. Haug, Ralph E. White, John W. Weidner, Wayne Huang, Steven Shi, Narender Rana, Stephan Grunow, Timothy C. Stoner, Alain E. Kaloyeros

Faculty Publications

Placing a layer of Ru atop a Pt anode increases the carbon monoxide tolerance of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells when oxygen is added to the fuel stream. Sputter-deposited Ru filter anodes composed of a single Ru layer and three Ru layers separated by Nafion-carbon ink, respectively, were compared to Pt, Pt:Ru alloy, and an ink-based Ru filter anodes. The amount of Pt in each anode was 0.15 mg/cm2 and the amount of Ru in each Ru-containing anode was 0.080 mg/cm2. For an anode feed consisting of hydrogen, 200 ppm CO, and 2% O2 (in the form …

Go to article

Increasing Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Effectiveness Through Sputter Deposition, Andrew T. Haug, Ralph E. White, John W. Weidner, Wayne Huang, Steven Shi, Timothy Stoner, Narender Rana Jan 2002

Increasing Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Effectiveness Through Sputter Deposition, Andrew T. Haug, Ralph E. White, John W. Weidner, Wayne Huang, Steven Shi, Timothy Stoner, Narender Rana

Faculty Publications

Sputter deposition has been investigated as a tool for manufacturing proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) electrodes with improved performance and catalyst utilization vs. ink-based electrodes. Sputter-depositing a single layer of Pt on the gas diffusion layer provided better performance (0.28 A/cm2 at 0.6 V) than sputtering the Pt directly onto a Nafion membrane (0.065 A/cm2 at 0.6 V) and equaled the performance of the baseline for an equivalent Pt loading. Sputter-depositing alternating layers of Pt and Nafion-carbon ink (NCI) onto the membrane did not increase the performance over the baseline as measured in amperes per centimeter squared due …

Go to article

Ability Of Native American Tribes To Waive Their Tribal Sovereign Immunity In Clear And Unequivocal Contracts To Arbitrate - C&(And)L Enterprises, Inc. V. Citizen Band Potawatomie Tribe Of Oklahoma, The, Emily J. Huitsing Jan 2002

Ability Of Native American Tribes To Waive Their Tribal Sovereign Immunity In Clear And Unequivocal Contracts To Arbitrate - C&(And)L Enterprises, Inc. V. Citizen Band Potawatomie Tribe Of Oklahoma, The, Emily J. Huitsing

Journal of Dispute Resolution

Native American tribes enjoy immunity from suits on contracts made on or off a reservation.2 A tribe is subject to suit only if it has clearly waived its immunity or Congress has expressly authorized the suit.' Tribal immunity was given to the tribes on the principle that tribes are sovereigns or quasi sovereigns enjoying immunity from judicial attack absent their consent.4 The purpose of tribal sovereignty, according to the Supreme Court, is to promote tribal economic development and self-sufficiency.5 Though the Court has expressed its dissatisfaction with the doctrine in light of increased tribal economic self-sufficiency through successful business ventures, …

Go to article

Simulating Shape Changes During Electrodeposition: Primary And Secondary Current Distribution, Venkat R. Subramanian, Ralph E. White Jan 2002

Simulating Shape Changes During Electrodeposition: Primary And Secondary Current Distribution, Venkat R. Subramanian, Ralph E. White

Faculty Publications

A technique based on the analytical method of lines is presented for predicting shape changes during electrodeposition. The technique is presented for both primary and secondary current distributions. The method presented does not require iterations for nonlinear Butler-Volmer boundary conditions or changing electrode shapes. The technique is based on a semianalytical method developed earlier for predicting current distributions in electrochemical cells. This technique is attractive because it provides a symbolic solution for the Laplace equation, and hence requires less computation time to perform case studies.

Go to article

Electrochemical Filtering Of Co From Fuel-Cell Reformate, Balasubramanian Lakshmanan, Wayne Huang, John W. Weidner Jan 2002

Electrochemical Filtering Of Co From Fuel-Cell Reformate, Balasubramanian Lakshmanan, Wayne Huang, John W. Weidner

Faculty Publications

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell was used as a flow reactor for continuous preferential oxidation of CO over H2 from 1.0% CO in H2 under pulse-potential control. By varying the pulse profile ~e.g., on-time, off-time, pulse potential! the CO and H2 oxidation currents were varied independently. The improvement in faradaic selectivity between CO and H2 oxidation results from the promotion of CO adsorption during the off ~i.e., open-circuit! portion of the pulse. Therefore, during the on portion CO oxidation was preferred while the surface was covered with CO.

Go to article

Anodic Behavior Of Ti In Koh Solutions: Ellipsometric And Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Studies, A. Prusi, Lj. Arsov, Bala Haran, Branko N. Popov Jan 2002

Anodic Behavior Of Ti In Koh Solutions: Ellipsometric And Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Studies, A. Prusi, Lj. Arsov, Bala Haran, Branko N. Popov

Faculty Publications

Anodic formation of oxide films on titanium surfaces, in various concentrations of aqueous KOH solutions, have been studied using ellipsometry and micro-Raman spectroscopy. By in situ ellipsometric measurements the coefficient of film thickness growth and indexes of refraction of anodic oxide films have been determined. The voltage at which the oxide film breaks down is strongly dependent on the KOH concentration. Further, the solution concentration strongly influences the potential at which the oxide film is transformed from the amorphous state to crystalline form. Using micro-Raman spectroscopy four crystalline forms of titanium oxides, namely, anatase, brookite, corundum, and rutile, have been …

Go to article

Study Of Sn-Coated Graphite As Anode Material For Secondary Lithium-Ion Batteries, Basker Veeraraghavan, Anand Durairajan, Bala Haran, Branko N. Popov, Ronald Guidotti Jan 2002

Study Of Sn-Coated Graphite As Anode Material For Secondary Lithium-Ion Batteries, Basker Veeraraghavan, Anand Durairajan, Bala Haran, Branko N. Popov, Ronald Guidotti

Faculty Publications

Tin-graphite composites have been developed as an alternate anode material for Li-ion batteries using an autocatalytic deposition technique. The specific discharge capacity, coulombic efficiency, rate capability behavior, and cycle life of Sn-C composites has been studied using a variety of electrochemical methods. The amount of tin loading and the heating temperature have a significant effect on the composite performance. The synthesis conditions and Sn loading on graphite have been optimized to obtain the maximum reversible capacity for the composite electrode. Heating the composite converts it from amorphous to crystalline form. Apart from higher capacity, Sn-graphite composites possesses higher coulombic efficiency, …

Go to article

Modeling The Effects Of Electrode Composition And Pore Structure On The Performance Of Electrochemical Capacitors, Changqing Lin, Branko N. Popov, Harry J. Ploehn Jan 2002

Modeling The Effects Of Electrode Composition And Pore Structure On The Performance Of Electrochemical Capacitors, Changqing Lin, Branko N. Popov, Harry J. Ploehn

Faculty Publications

This work presents a mathematical model for charge/discharge of electrochemical capacitors that explicitly accounts for particle-packing effects in a composite electrochemical capacitor consisting of hydrous RuO2 nanoparticles dispersed within porous activated carbon. The model is also used to investigate the effect of nonuniform distributions of salt in the electrolyte phase of the electrode in the context of dilute solution theory. We use the model to compare the performance of capacitors with electrodes made from different activated carbons and to investigate the effects of varying carbon content and discharge current density. Even at low discharge current density, concentration polarization in …

Go to article

Modeling The Effects Of Electrode Composition And Pore Structure On The Performance Of Electrochemical Capacitors, Changqing Lin, Branko N. Popov, Harry J. Ploehn Jan 2002

Modeling The Effects Of Electrode Composition And Pore Structure On The Performance Of Electrochemical Capacitors, Changqing Lin, Branko N. Popov, Harry J. Ploehn

Faculty Publications

This work presents a mathematical model for charge/discharge of electrochemical capacitors that explicitly accounts for particle-packing effects in a composite electrochemical capacitor consisting of hydrous RuO2 nanoparticles dispersed within porous activated carbon. The model is also used to investigate the effect of nonuniform distributions of salt in the electrolyte phase of the electrode in the context of dilute solution theory. We use the model to compare the performance of capacitors with electrodes made from different activated carbons and to investigate the effects of varying carbon content and discharge current density. Even at low discharge current density, concentration polarization in …

Go to article

Electrical Conductivity Monitoring Of Soil Condition And Available N With Animal Manure And A Cover Crop, R. A. Eigenberg, John W. Doran, John A. Nienaber, Richard B. Ferguson, B. L. Woodbury Jan 2002

Electrical Conductivity Monitoring Of Soil Condition And Available N With Animal Manure And A Cover Crop, R. A. Eigenberg, John W. Doran, John A. Nienaber, Richard B. Ferguson, B. L. Woodbury

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Development of sustainable agricultural management systems will depend, in part, on the ability to better use renewable resources, such as animal manure, and to synchronize the levels of soil available N with crop plant needs during the growing season. This study was conducted at the US Meat Animal Research Center in the central USA to determine whether differences in electromagnetic (EM) soil conductivity and available N levels over a growing season can be linked to feedlot manure/compost application and use of a green winter cover crop. A series of soil conductivity maps of a research cornfield were generated using global …

Go to article

Detecting Single Wheat Kernels Containing Live Or Dead Insects Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, Elizabeth B. Maghirang, Floyd E. Dowell, James E. Baker, James E. Throne Jan 2002

Detecting Single Wheat Kernels Containing Live Or Dead Insects Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy, Elizabeth B. Maghirang, Floyd E. Dowell, James E. Baker, James E. Throne

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

An automated NIR system was used over a two-month storage period to detect single wheat kernels that contained live or dead internal rice weevils at various stages of growth. Correct classification of sound kernels and kernels containing live pupae, large larvae, medium-sized larvae, and small larvae averaged 94, 92, 84, and 62%, respectively. Pupae + large larvae calibrations were developed using live or dead internal insects. Validation results showed correct classifications ranging from 86 to 96% over the two-month storage period. Thus, wheat kernels containing either live or dead insects can be used to develop calibrations for detecting both live …

Go to article

Development Of Granular Boric Acid Sugar Baits For House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae), Jerome A. Hogsette, David A. Carlson, Alyce S. Nejame Jan 2002

Development Of Granular Boric Acid Sugar Baits For House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae), Jerome A. Hogsette, David A. Carlson, Alyce S. Nejame

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Freeze-dried, granular sugar baits containing boric acid as the toxicant were evaluated against house flies, Musca domestica L., in two bioassays with toxicant dose ranges of 3, 5, 7, 8, and 12%, and 3, 5, 9, 17, and 33% boric acid, respectively, calculated and expressed on a dry weight basis. Flies in bioassay 1 were mixed sex and unstarved and flies in bioassay 2 were females only and starved 4 h before testing began. LC50s were 8.97 and 14.33%, and LT50s were 59.75 and 53.34 h in bioassays 1 and 2, respectively. Baits were tested at …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last