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2002

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Better Organization's Performance In Local Commercial Banking Industry Through Strategic Balance Strategy, Seng Wah Ling Jan 2002

Better Organization's Performance In Local Commercial Banking Industry Through Strategic Balance Strategy, Seng Wah Ling

Student Works (2000-2009)

Similarity among firms has received a great deal of attention in strategic management and organization theories. Past researches observed that firms face pressures to be different and to be the same. By differentiating, firms reduce competition. By conforming, firms demonstrate their legitimacy. Both reduced competition and legitimacy improve performance. This study addresses the performance consequences of firm-level strategic similarity with Strategic Balance Strategy, which states that moderately differentiated firms have higher performance than either highly conforming or highly differentiated firms. This study examines the relative performance of local commercial banks in Malaysia from 1995 to 2000. The study investigates whether …


Role And Status Of Elderly In The Family : A Case Study In Kampung Sg. Kayu Ara, Yeong An Gan Jan 2002

Role And Status Of Elderly In The Family : A Case Study In Kampung Sg. Kayu Ara, Yeong An Gan

Student Works (2000-2009)

The purpose of this study is to understand the role and status of the respondents in the family as well as in the society and community. The study looks at among others, their health status; economic participation and contribution; and participation in social and other community activities. The result of this study shows that many older persons remain able and capable. Due to lack of activities at the local level, many older persons are compelled to retire to their own home. They are also ignorance about their own sickness especially when they have limited financial resources. Simple health checks and …


Organisational Diagnostics And Planned Organisational Change : An Application Of An Adapted Version Of Soft System Methodology ; The Case For A Private Healthcare Institution, Patricia Rita Nunis Jan 2002

Organisational Diagnostics And Planned Organisational Change : An Application Of An Adapted Version Of Soft System Methodology ; The Case For A Private Healthcare Institution, Patricia Rita Nunis

Student Works (2000-2009)

THE RESEARCH PROJECT

This is an exploratory, qualitative study that utilises an adapted version of Soft Systems Methodology developed by Dr Mohd. Yusof Omar, to conduct an organisational diagnosis and plan interventions for change for a complex organisation. The target of the study was the 15-member senior management team of Subang Jaya Medical Centre (SJMC). Data was collected over a period of 8 months (Jan-Aug 2001), via participant observation using the framework of action research.

THE FINDINGS

It was determined that the organisation exhibited borderline capability to weather anticipated changes in the future, due to the composition of its current …


Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pasaran Wang Di Malaysia Serta Kesannya Ke Atas Dasar Kewangan, Azlina Abd. Aziz Jan 2002

Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pasaran Wang Di Malaysia Serta Kesannya Ke Atas Dasar Kewangan, Azlina Abd. Aziz

Student Works (2000-2009)

Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji foktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pa.saran wang di Malaysia, khususnya bagi permintaan dan penawaran wang serta kesannya ke atas pelaksanaan dasar kewangan di Malaysia. Agregat kewangan M1, M2 clan M3 sebagai pembolehubah bergantung bagi permintaan dan penawaran wang. Bagi melihat apakah faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan wang, sebanyak lima pembolehubah bebas digunakan yang terdiri daripada pendapatan benar, kadar diskaun purata Bil Perbendaharaan 3 bulan, kadar inflasi, hasil Bil Perbendaharaan Amerika Syarikat 3 bulan dan jangkaan kadar depresiasi. Bagi pen.awaran wang, antara petunjuk yang digunakan sebagai pembolehubah bebas terdiri daripada pendapatan benar, kadar bunga deposit bermasa 6 bulan di …


Penyimpangan Bahasa Dalam Karya Kreatif : Kajian Terhadap Novel Tok Guru Dan Di Hadapan Pulau, Mat Hassan Abdullah Jan 2002

Penyimpangan Bahasa Dalam Karya Kreatif : Kajian Terhadap Novel Tok Guru Dan Di Hadapan Pulau, Mat Hassan Abdullah

Student Works (2000-2009)

Kajian ini merupakan satu kajian yang bersifat terapan, iaitu menghubungkan rumus-rumus tatabahasa dengan pelaksanaan rumus-rumus tersebut dalam penulisan karya sastera. Tujuan utama kajian ini ialah meninjau penyimpangan bahasa dalam karya sastera (prosa) yang dipilih. Kajian ini melibatkan penyimpangan tatabahasa, morfologi, dan sintaksis. Kajian ini dilakukan terhadap dua buah novel pilihan karya Sasterawan Negara, ialtu Tok Guru, karya Shahnon Ahmad dan Di Hadapan Pu/au, karya A. Samad Said. Kajian ini menggunakan kerangka Tatabahasa Transformasi-Generatif sebagai model analisis. Kajian dijalankan berdasarkan kajian kepustakaan dan analisis teks. Dapatan analisis membuktikan bahawa sememangnya berlaku penyimpangan bahasa dalam karya sastera. Dalam Di Hadapan Pu/au, dengan …


A Study Of Benjamin Graham's Stock Selection Criteria In The Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange, Lee Fah Thong Jan 2002

A Study Of Benjamin Graham's Stock Selection Criteria In The Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange, Lee Fah Thong

Student Works (2000-2009)

The fundamentalists believe that all securities have an intrinsic value, which can differ from its market price and eventually. the market price of a security will gravitate towards its true value. Graham believed that even though securities market could be overall efficient. any conscientious investor could gain superior returns through pockets of inefficiencies by paying close attention to investment fundamentals and taking advantage of undervaluation and mispricing of individual securities. He also proposed ten selection criteria to identify underpriced securities. The study aims to investigate whether the portfolios formed using Grahams selection criteria could achieve superior performance in the Kuala …


Volume 26, No. 3 Jan 2002

Volume 26, No. 3

The Weldon Times

A student-run newspaper published at the School of Law at Dalhousie University.

Editors: Ted Frankel, Arlo Litman

Managing Editor: Jason Brown


Mabopa : Sejarah Dan Perkembangan Persatuan Penerbit Buku Malaysia, Suhaillah Abdullah Jan 2002

Mabopa : Sejarah Dan Perkembangan Persatuan Penerbit Buku Malaysia, Suhaillah Abdullah

Student Works (2000-2009)

Laporan Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk mengetahui sejarah dan perkembangan Persatuan Penerbit Buku Malaysia (MABOPA) sepanjang 31 tahun penubuhannya (1969-2001). Persatuan Penerbit Buku Malaysia merupakan antara persatuan yang bergiat aktif dalam mempertingkatkan industri perbukuan negara. Walaupun begitu, terlalu kurang sumber bertulis yang menceritakan tentang kegiatan dan peranan Persatuan Penerbit Buku Malaysia dalam arena penerbitan negara. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan sebagai 'sambungan' kepada kajian perintis yang pemah dilakukan oleh saudari Rabiatuladawiah Arshad pada tahun 1991. Dalam tempoh hampir 10 tahun, kajian susulan yang di buat menunjukkan Persatuan Penerbit Buku Malaysia telah mengalami pelbagai perubahan. Realitinya Persatuan Penerbit Buku Malaysia semakin matang …


Locus Of Control And The Intention Of Being An Entrepreneur Among Managers Of Federal Development Authority Malaysia, Razaili Haji Gapor Jan 2002

Locus Of Control And The Intention Of Being An Entrepreneur Among Managers Of Federal Development Authority Malaysia, Razaili Haji Gapor

Student Works (2000-2009)

This study examines the relationship between Locus of Control and the intention of being an entrepreneur among Federal Development Authority Malaysia (FDAM ) managers. This study first investigate the effect of Locus of Control on the intention to become an entrepreneur among 100 respondents, as measured by statistical testing on answered survey questionnaire. Further, this study extends the analysis by examining the relationship between ethnic group and the intention of being an entrepreneur among FDAM managers. The results showed a significant relationship between ethnic group and income level with the intention of being an entrepreneur among FDAM managers. This study …


Pemakaian Asas Astronomi Dalam Menentukan Arah Qiblat Di Malaysia : Suatu Pendekatan Hukum, Mohamad Amin Abu Bakar Jan 2002

Pemakaian Asas Astronomi Dalam Menentukan Arah Qiblat Di Malaysia : Suatu Pendekatan Hukum, Mohamad Amin Abu Bakar

Student Works (2000-2009)

This research is about the belief of native of Kelantan Society towards Nur Muhammad doctrine which is well-accepted doctrine amongst those who practice Islamic mysticism (Sufism) particularly in the Malay Archipelago. The purpose of this research is to see how far the impact of this doctrine on the religious belief of the native of the stated It is also aimed at seeing how much other philosophies, teachings and religious beliefs have absorbed into the Islamic belief resulting in the birth of various polemics in the religious practise among the native of Kelantan in particular. This research is divided into five …


Pemikiran Abul A'La Al Maududi Dan Pembentukan Peradaban Islam Di Benua Kecil India, Osman Md. Rasip Jan 2002

Pemikiran Abul A'La Al Maududi Dan Pembentukan Peradaban Islam Di Benua Kecil India, Osman Md. Rasip

Student Works (2000-2009)

Disertasi ini menilai pemikiran dan sumbangan Maududi dalam peradaban Islam dan pendekatan-pendekatan yang dilaksanakan bagi pembentukan peradaban Islam khususnya di benua kecil India. Kajian ini akan memfokuskan kepada Liga aspek ulama Pertamanya latar belakang yang melatari suasana dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemikiran Maududi. Kedua, rnelihat pemikiran beliau mengenai pembentukan peradaban Islam serta yang yang terakhir adalah aktiviti Maududi bersama Jama'ati-i lslami dalam merealisasikan idea-idea beliau. Maududi dipilih memandangkan beliau mempunyai keistimewaan tersendiri mengenai idea dan pendekatan yang digunakan dalarn era kebangkitan Islam. Beliau berbeza dengan golongan modernis yang terlalu longgar dalarn usaha memajukan urnat Islam dengan menafikan sebahagian daripada hukum-hukum …


Penglibatan Wanita Dalam Parti Politik Menurut Islam : Suatu Kajian Pemahamannya Di Kalangan Masyarakat Lembah Pantai, Aiedah Abdul Khalek Jan 2002

Penglibatan Wanita Dalam Parti Politik Menurut Islam : Suatu Kajian Pemahamannya Di Kalangan Masyarakat Lembah Pantai, Aiedah Abdul Khalek

Student Works (2000-2009)

Women's involvement in political parties in Islamic perspective is an issue which carries different interpretation amongst the Islamic scholars. Nevertheless, previous researches and data in this research have shown that most Islamic scholars recommend women's involvement in politicaI parties but subject to certain conditions. The author have a view that such recommendation given by Islam for women to involve in political parties is supposed to be understood by Muslim women themselves in particular and by Muslim society in general. Therefore, apart from looking into opinions and discussions of the scholars, this dissertation shall also dig into the extent of understanding …


The Relationship Between Stock Returns And Inflation In Malaysia, Soke Ling Mau Jan 2002

The Relationship Between Stock Returns And Inflation In Malaysia, Soke Ling Mau

Student Works (2000-2009)

This study starts out with an introductory chapter covering the relationship between nominal and real stock returns with inflation in a general view. Economists are still puzzled on the positive and negative relationship between stock returns and inflation as many empirical results suggest varied conclusions. The second chapter is the literature review, which consists of a few well-known authors with their own theories and hypotheses. The core 3 discussion in this chapter refers to the classical view on stock returns and inflation in 1930 and post -Keynesian view on stock returns and inflation from 1970 till 2001. Chapter Three focuses …


The Role Of Government In Managing Corporate Distress After The 1997 Financial Crisis : Theories And Case Studies Of Selected Malaysian Corporations, Sook Ching Wong Jan 2002

The Role Of Government In Managing Corporate Distress After The 1997 Financial Crisis : Theories And Case Studies Of Selected Malaysian Corporations, Sook Ching Wong

Student Works (2000-2009)

The 1997 Asian financial crisis reversed over two decades of unprecedented and amazing economic growth in the eight High-Performing Asian Economies (HPAEs) including Malaysia. The interwoven relationship of banks and corporations have created a symbiosis that can be extreme in its effects. Given the circumstances facing these corporations, it may be imperative and therefore justifiable for some appropriate government intervention to check and reverse problems of insolvency, bankruptcy and declining real output. There are numerous means of assisting financially distressed corporations, some more effective than others, often depending on circumstances. "Success" or "failure" depends on the magnitude of assistance, how …


Peranan Agama Islam Dan Kesannya Ke Atas Perkembangan Peradaban Umat Islam Khususnya Di Alam Melayu, Zawiah Mat Jan 2002

Peranan Agama Islam Dan Kesannya Ke Atas Perkembangan Peradaban Umat Islam Khususnya Di Alam Melayu, Zawiah Mat

Student Works (2000-2009)

This six parts dissertation is on "The Role of Islam and its Impact on Muslim Civilization Specifically in the Malay World". In the first chapter, the author introduces as an introduction, its definition and the significance of this topic, so as to give the readers overall view on this topic. Analyzing books, dissertations and academics study of scholars and also using data accumulation and data analysis has produced this historical-based dissertation by. The author also justifies the three of objectives and the methods of this study. Accumulation data method is based on library-research and fieldwork. Fieldwork involves some archaeological works …


Pemikiran Ali Shariati Tentang Ketamadunan, Ros Aiza Mohd Mokhtar Jan 2002

Pemikiran Ali Shariati Tentang Ketamadunan, Ros Aiza Mohd Mokhtar

Student Works (2000-2009)

Ali Shariati was a two dimensional civilization scholar. In one dimension, he was a firm believer of the tawhidul concept. On the hand, such belief does not prevent him for being receptive and open to modem ideas as well as positive values which he saw in his people's tradition, the West and Marxisme. He came up with a practical theory and concept of civilization, capable of predicting the future. And although he had a complete ideology serving as a foundation to civilization known as Islamology, he did not deny the role of intellectuals of the society as civilization builders. His …


Konsep Komunikasi Dan Peranannya Dalam Pembinaan Peradaban Islam, Nasruddin Yunos Jan 2002

Konsep Komunikasi Dan Peranannya Dalam Pembinaan Peradaban Islam, Nasruddin Yunos

Student Works (2000-2009)

The Islamic concept of communication is beginning to emerge as an alternative concept in the current communication debate, which is being dominated mainly by scholars from the west. This communication concept, which is based on the Islamic creed (aqidah), law (shari'ah), and morals (akhlaq) has become a crucial factor for the success of Islamic preaching and leadership. The openness of the Islamic concept of communication and leadership, which allows acceptance and adaptation of scientific discoveries so long as it does not contradict the nusus (Islamic textual rulings), proves its flexibility and effectiveness in all_ situations regardless of temporal and geographical …


Konsep 'Ilmu Dalam Peradaban Islam Di 'Alam Melayu, Norhanizar Hassan Jan 2002

Konsep 'Ilmu Dalam Peradaban Islam Di 'Alam Melayu, Norhanizar Hassan

Student Works (2000-2009)

This five parts dissertation elucidates "The concept of knowledge in Islamic civilization in the Malay World''. The first chapter is an introduction. It will shed light on its definition and the key issues underlying the topic. It is essential to have a look on the religions, society, culture, economics, education, politics and government before we delve deeper into the subject matter. The writer have explained and discussed the essence of the works and research done by the respective academicians and scholars by using methods of analysing and collecting data. Collecting data includes extensive research in the library and fieldwork in …


Adat Dalam Masyarakat Bidayuh : Peranan Dan Sumbangan Dalam Mencorakkan Tamadun Pribumi Sarawak, Siang Prede Jan 2002

Adat Dalam Masyarakat Bidayuh : Peranan Dan Sumbangan Dalam Mencorakkan Tamadun Pribumi Sarawak, Siang Prede

Student Works (2000-2009)

Civilization in indigenous society were either created from philosophy ideology or strong belief based on [adat] that has been practiced in their daily lives. Adat on the other hand was reflected through the act of individual behaviour or society, which they practiced it in every aspect of their lives. Adat would be meaningless if it does not have intensity and integrity. Therefore society, which lives without adat, is like lives without identity and cultures. ln this context, Civilization in indigenous society was reflected through their demeanour behaviour or action that does not deviate from their norms and values. For the …


Pengaruh Falsafah Pascamoden Dalam Pemikiran Barat, Nafisiah Abdul Rahman Jan 2002

Pengaruh Falsafah Pascamoden Dalam Pemikiran Barat, Nafisiah Abdul Rahman

Student Works (2000-2009)

Postmodermisme is one of the idea which first discussed since the First World War. The prime development of the idea is obviously seen since the last three decades until now, especially in the aspects of epistemology, art, music and architecture. The development of the idea has urged the writer to study the pattern of this idea specially on how it adopts/spreads into the western thought. To complete this writing, the writer took nearly six months just to study on all relevant references of available resources before the writing began. All the references were borrowed from the main library of University …


Revolusi Islam Iran : Satu Kajian Tentang Pertembungan Di Antara Peradaban Islam Dan Barat, Wan Mohamad Marzuqi Wan Hashim Jan 2002

Revolusi Islam Iran : Satu Kajian Tentang Pertembungan Di Antara Peradaban Islam Dan Barat, Wan Mohamad Marzuqi Wan Hashim

Student Works (2000-2009)

Iran's Islamic Revolution in 1979 appeared to be the most unique revolution in the 20th century history of mankind. The revolution was aimed at terminating the influence of Western civilization which had been in control of Iran's political and economic aspects􀁎 and reviving the Islamic culture and values that had for so long f been in a state of deteriorating since the interference of Western powers in Eastern affairs. Shiite clergymen institution was the mastermind in generating the mass movement against the Shah of Iran whose modernization policy had given birth to the instability of the nation. Since modernization is …


Penyesuaian Imigran Dalam Masyarakat Majmuk : Satu Kajian Ke Atas Peradaban Orang Cina Dalam Era Kemerdekaan Malaya, Jin Yih Ching Jan 2002

Penyesuaian Imigran Dalam Masyarakat Majmuk : Satu Kajian Ke Atas Peradaban Orang Cina Dalam Era Kemerdekaan Malaya, Jin Yih Ching

Student Works (2000-2009)

This dissertation aims to study about the civilizational adaptation of the Chinese immigrants from China to Malaya during the era of independence in Malaya. After migrating to Malaya between the late 19th century and early 20th century, the Chinese as the " torch-bearers" or inheritors of Chinese civilization were put in direct encounter with the indigenous people in Malaya. Thus, in orders to survive, the Chinese had to adjust themselves so as to be able to adapt to the new environment and adopt local lifestyles in solving their everyday problems of livelihood. The resulting of civilizational adaptation of the Chinese …


Sistem Pendidikan Islam : Suatu Kajian Tentang Penghayatannya Di Kalangan Mahasiswa Universiti Teknologi Mara (Uitm) Kampus Arau, Perlis, Ahmad Sabri Osman Jan 2002

Sistem Pendidikan Islam : Suatu Kajian Tentang Penghayatannya Di Kalangan Mahasiswa Universiti Teknologi Mara (Uitm) Kampus Arau, Perlis, Ahmad Sabri Osman

Student Works (2000-2009)

Education is one of the most important aspects in human life. In Islam, religion education has the special place and it becomes as a base for a new building. Therefore, Islam teaches the devotees (followers) to know or learn about Islam practice as what they are supposed to do according to their levels and ages. Thus, when they achieve certain ages, they should perform all the Islam practice in their daily life. This study has discussed about the effectiveness in understanding the Islamic education among the UiTM students of Arau Campus, Perlis. One of the objectives of this study is …


Firm Characteristics And Environmental Disclosure Practices : An Empirical Investigation Of Malaysian Public Listed Companies, Harjeet Kaur Jan 2002

Firm Characteristics And Environmental Disclosure Practices : An Empirical Investigation Of Malaysian Public Listed Companies, Harjeet Kaur

Student Works (2000-2009)

Environment information needs to be disclosed if the information is relevant to the decision making process. The majority of the information was reported on voluntary basis, as there were no accounting standard to guide companies in reporting this information. This study investigates the firms characteristics and environmental disclosure practices of the public listed companies. Environmental information in the annual report is measured using content analysis based on quality and quantity and type of environmental information reported. This comprehensive measurement scheme is used in order to get a complete picture of the environmental information as reported in annual reports. The results …


Pertubuhan Jamaah Islah Malaysia (Jim) : Sumbangannya Terhadap Pendidikan Islam Di Malaysia, Mohd Azli Adnan Jan 2002

Pertubuhan Jamaah Islah Malaysia (Jim) : Sumbangannya Terhadap Pendidikan Islam Di Malaysia, Mohd Azli Adnan

Student Works (2000-2009)

Education is one of the major aspect to be considered in building a civilized nation. When we speak of education, therefore it must pertain to this reality of man and not simply to his body and his animal aspect Education in the Islamic point of view emphasizes both on the physical and the spiritual aspects of life. If the foundation of the system of education is relevant to the reality of human creation in a civilization, inevitably nation building will produce good citizen of the world and the hereafter. In this dissertation, the writer has divided the discussion into five …


Rawatan Kaunseling Terhadap Penagih Dadah Di Rumah Pengasih Kuala Lumpur : Satu Kajian Perbandingan Dengan Islam, Nik Asilah Nik Ali Jan 2002

Rawatan Kaunseling Terhadap Penagih Dadah Di Rumah Pengasih Kuala Lumpur : Satu Kajian Perbandingan Dengan Islam, Nik Asilah Nik Ali

Student Works (2000-2009)

In this research, the writer has attempted to observe and study the counseling approach to drug addicts specifically with the look out for questions and observation on the counselling carried out at Rumah Pengasih, Jalan Syers, Bukit Tungku, Kuala Lumpur. In this study, the writer has attempted to familiarise with the counselling procedures and techniques as well as to observe the problem etc. Besides that, through this research the writers has attempted to study whether the style of counselling carried out at Rumah Pengasih follows the Islamic approach or on the contrary. To unveil the said question, in this research …


Bon Islam : Kajian Ke Atas Bon Mudharabah Cagamas, Rohayu Omar Jan 2002

Bon Islam : Kajian Ke Atas Bon Mudharabah Cagamas, Rohayu Omar

Student Works (2000-2009)

The emerging of Islamic bond in the Islamic financial system is arised from the impact of deep understanding and well received among the Islamic society towards the Islamic instrument. The Islamic bond is set up by a group of enthusiatic Islamic economist practice in finding alternative to replace the conventional bond which had been rooted long time in the financial economic system. Beside to fulfil the vital need of Islamic economic. Despite of having some progress which motivate the new era of Islamic financial system, there are some in the community who are not sure and untrustfully about the operation …


Peranan Institusi Dakwah Dalam Menangani Masalah Murtad Di Lembah Klang, Norhafizah Musa Jan 2002

Peranan Institusi Dakwah Dalam Menangani Masalah Murtad Di Lembah Klang, Norhafizah Musa

Student Works (2000-2009)

The research discussed extend of misionary by the Missionary institutions in the Klang Valley 10 eradicate apostasy issue especially in the Klang Valley. Apostasy problem is the greatest degree of problem that can be fafed by a muslim. Based on media views and latest/uo to date reports by various parties, the rate of apostasy amongst muslims in the Klang Valley is increasing from time to time. Hence, this dissertation focused on two important aspect; First, to study the management and role of major Missionary institution such as JAKIM, JAWI JAIS, PERK.IM and ABIM in implementing their programs. 1n producing this …


Challenges Facing By Malaysian Smes In An Increasingly Liberalised And Globalised Economy, Chong Sin Chew Jan 2002

Challenges Facing By Malaysian Smes In An Increasingly Liberalised And Globalised Economy, Chong Sin Chew

Student Works (2000-2009)

In the 80s, the government began to pay more attention to the SMEs and recognised the importance of SMEs in the development of economic and earning the foreign currency through export. In view of the strong relationship between SMEs and economic growth, we need to study the challenges of SME development in facing the increasingly liberalisation and globalisation business environment. The research studies the statuses of SMEs in marketing, problems, government assistance, level of computerization and automation, sources of financing, staff development and their views on advisory services. Analysis on new challenges in a globalised economy and recommendations to further …


Bond Rating Of Upgrades And Downgrades : The Impact On Stock Returns, C. Thaneswary Chelliah Jan 2002

Bond Rating Of Upgrades And Downgrades : The Impact On Stock Returns, C. Thaneswary Chelliah

Student Works (2000-2009)

This paper examines the share market reactions to bond rating changes of upgrades and downgrades. In term of analysis the upgrade and the downgrade category has been divided into changes based on the investment and speculative groups. The market model was used in determining abnormal returns for the study. This research provides the relation of changes taken place within the group and across the group. In addition, this paper is also examining the impact of rating changes due to financial prospect and the companies' leverage. All the analysis is based in Malaysian scenario . The result suggests that there were …