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2002

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Comparison Of Bond Strength Between A Conventional Resin Adhesive And A Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Adhesive: An In Vitro And In Vivo Study., Andrew Waldron Summers Jan 2002

Comparison Of Bond Strength Between A Conventional Resin Adhesive And A Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Adhesive: An In Vitro And In Vivo Study., Andrew Waldron Summers

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was todetermine the in vivo survival rate and in vitro bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive (RMGI) (Fuji Ortho LC, GC America) and a conventional resin adhesive (Light Bond, Reliance Orthodontic Inc.). Two Fuji Ortho LC groups and two Light Bond groups were tested in vitro. Debonding force was determined with an Instron testing machine, and data was analyzed using ANOVA at p< 0.05. A significant difference was found among all four test groups with Light Bond having the greatest debonding force. Fuji Ortho LC had a higher mean ARI value. For the in vivo study data was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimates. No significant difference was found between the two adhesives survival rate or ARI. These results suggest that the clinical bond strength for RMGI is adequate to withstand orthodontic forces.

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An Analysis Of The Relationship Between Hate Crimes Reporting And Administrative Policies As They Relate To Community Policing., Everett Otto Elliott Jan 2002

An Analysis Of The Relationship Between Hate Crimes Reporting And Administrative Policies As They Relate To Community Policing., Everett Otto Elliott

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

It has been 12 years since the passing of the Hate Crimes Statistics Act. Since that time much has been written about it. However, not many useful applications have been developed using the data that is collected. The author goes about identifying important discoveries made since 1990 about the nature of reporting hate crimes. The author also identifies problems with the reporting of hate crimes. By using a combination of the data from Hate Crime Statistics collected under the Uniform Crime Reports and data from the Sample Survey of Law Enforcement Agencies, the author hopes to be able to identify …

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Environmental Justice Through Pollution Prevention: Development Of A Quantitative Method To Assess Community Vulnerability And Air Emission Hazard For Optimal Impact., John Lewis Boettner Iii Jan 2002

Environmental Justice Through Pollution Prevention: Development Of A Quantitative Method To Assess Community Vulnerability And Air Emission Hazard For Optimal Impact., John Lewis Boettner Iii

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study develops a quantitative and objective method of analyzing community vulnerability combined with potential exposure to emission hazards. This extends earlier work concerning Environmental Justice Through Pollution Prevention (EJP2) initiatives for optimal selection of facilities for resource allocation for pollution prevention initiatives. A 1992 EPA report indicated that minority and low-income communities are exposed to higher levels of pollution in their neighborhoods than that of the general population. Environmental Justice is a grassroots derived term for addressing these disproportionate shares of negative environmental impacts, which are placed upon people of minority or low socio-economic status. The method developed identifies …

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Cross-Border Workers' Compensation Coverage And Nafta: Analysis Of Coverage In American And Canadian Jurisdictions., Patricia Cathleen Kimpan Jan 2002

Cross-Border Workers' Compensation Coverage And Nafta: Analysis Of Coverage In American And Canadian Jurisdictions., Patricia Cathleen Kimpan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Workers’ compensation is a social insurance program with different attributes in the United States, Canada and Mexico. Workers’ compensation programs are largely privately funded. In all North American jurisdictions, workers’ compensation benefits are paid for by employers, through insurance premiums. More dangerous occupations have higher premium rates than do safer occupations and industries. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) makes more likely the possibility that workers from one jurisdiction, made ill or injured by their employment, will seek help in a transborder jurisdiction. A survey of North American regulators was conducted. Trucking and transportation are important industries in workers’ …

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The Potential Of Soil Survey Data In A Quantitative Evaluation Of Surficial Geology Mapping In Northern Maine., Rosalia Evans Jan 2002

The Potential Of Soil Survey Data In A Quantitative Evaluation Of Surficial Geology Mapping In Northern Maine., Rosalia Evans

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The soil-surficial geology relationships along the St. John River in northern Maine suggest that surficial geology is the most important factor controlling soil-profile genesis. Therefore, the information available on soil survey maps is predictive of the surficial geology of those areas. The agreement between a derivative surficial geology map created from soil survey data and maps created by conventional geological mapping differs little from the agreement between conventional geological maps. Soil survey maps can be used to make general assumptions about surficial geology patterns in northern New England and adjacent Canadian Provinces. Sitespecific applications using soil survey maps to determine …

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The Relationships Among Self-Percieved Body Image, Interaction Involvement, And Interpersonal Communication Motives., Suzanna D'Ette Miller Jan 2002

The Relationships Among Self-Percieved Body Image, Interaction Involvement, And Interpersonal Communication Motives., Suzanna D'Ette Miller

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among self-perceived body image, interaction involvement, and interpersonal communication motives. Participants (N = 137) completed the Self-Perceived Body Image Scale (Richmond, 1998), the Interaction Involvement Scale (Cegala, 1981), and the Interpersonal Communication Motives Scale (Rubin, Perse, & Barbato, 1988). Results indicated that self-perceived body image was negatively related with the inclusion and relaxation motives, but was not significantly correlated with the pleasure, affection, escape, and control motives. It was also found that women have a significantly lower self-perceived body image than men. Limitations and directions for future research were also …

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The Influence Of Lineaments And Hydrogeologic Setting On Water Well Yield In Lebanon And Southern Dauphin Counties, Pennsylvania., Jeremy Scott Robinson Jan 2002

The Influence Of Lineaments And Hydrogeologic Setting On Water Well Yield In Lebanon And Southern Dauphin Counties, Pennsylvania., Jeremy Scott Robinson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A study of 1100 water wells in Lebanon and southern Dauphin Counties, Pennsylvania was conducted to determine the relationships of several hydrogeologic variables, especially lineaments, to water well yield. This project will likely improve the use of ground water exploration techniques in the area. The primary well groups studied were 493 business/large-diameter public supply wells, and 522 domestic-agriculture supply wells. Clastic terrane wells produce higher yields than carbonate and igneous terrane wells. Wells located near any fault type produce greater yields than wells further away. Lineaments relate better to well yield for business/public supply wells than for domestic-agriculture wells. Clastic …

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Wheat, Wealth, And Western Maryland: The Growth And Evolution Of Flour Milling In Frederick County, Maryland, 1748-1789., John F. Kvach Jan 2002

Wheat, Wealth, And Western Maryland: The Growth And Evolution Of Flour Milling In Frederick County, Maryland, 1748-1789., John F. Kvach

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis explores the evolution of flourmills in Frederick County, Maryland within the context of the economic and social development of western Maryland from 1748-1789. Western Maryland’s development differed greatly from that of most other areas in Maryland. A large German immigrant population, along with English and Scottish settlers, settled the valleys, of present day Frederick County, during the eighteenth century. These settlers grew wheat and created a need for mills and millers. Economically, mills created prosperity by attracting new businesses and settlers to the frontier. Politically and socially, millers influenced a region often in conflict with the tobacco interests …

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The Reluctant Delegate: Alexander Campbell And The Statehood Movement In Western Virginia., Jill Adana Rogers Jan 2002

The Reluctant Delegate: Alexander Campbell And The Statehood Movement In Western Virginia., Jill Adana Rogers

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

When Alexander Campbell, a young Scots-Irish minister, immigrated to the United States in 1809, he encountered a new nation that was pulsating with religious revival, hungry for more territory, and already divided by the “peculiar institution” of slavery. Within twenty years, Campbell established himself as a well-known religious reformer, educator, and landholder in Virginia’s Northern Panhandle. Although Campbell otherwise believed in separation of church and state, he agreed to participate as a western political delegate to the 1829-1830 Virginia Constitutional Convention. Campbell’s able representation of western sectional interests astounded other more politically experienced delegates. Disheartened by eastern Virginia’s suppression of …

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A Model For Building A Better Academic Web Site: A Quantitative Analysis Of Foreign Language Departments On The World Wide Web., Margarita (Maria) M. Toro Jan 2002

A Model For Building A Better Academic Web Site: A Quantitative Analysis Of Foreign Language Departments On The World Wide Web., Margarita (Maria) M. Toro

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis defines what an effective academic web site is, and examines the utilization of web sites by the Land Grant colleges’ foreign language departments. A system with the parameters of evaluation was created from studies that observed web users’ perceptions of web sites. Four main factors were analyzed: informativeness, interactivity, entertainment, design and usability. The results showed that departments of foreign language are not projecting a positive image throughout their web sites. Moreover, the web masters of the foreign language departmental sites are not considering entertainment and interactivity features as fundamental elements in the development of academic web sites.

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A Parametric Study Of Cutting Transport In Vertical And Horizontal Well Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd)., Md. Wazed Ali Jan 2002

A Parametric Study Of Cutting Transport In Vertical And Horizontal Well Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd)., Md. Wazed Ali

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Efficient transportation of cuttings is a vital factor for a good drilling program. Cutting transport in annulus is a complex problem that is affected by numerous parameters. Predicting effective cuttings transport requires all of these parameters to be considered simultaneously. To better understand the effects of some of the parameters affecting the cutting transportation, a combination of casing-drill pipe annulus section was simulated and a model called ‘discrete phase model’ was used to observe the transportation of cuttings in the annulus. Tests were conducted to determine the effects of mud weight, particle size, drilling rate and viscosity on cutting transportation …

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The Story Of Valmont In Hampton's "Les Liaisons Dangereuses": An Examination Of An Actor's Process., Daniel Stephen Forsythe Jan 2002

The Story Of Valmont In Hampton's "Les Liaisons Dangereuses": An Examination Of An Actor's Process., Daniel Stephen Forsythe

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis is an examination and documentation of an actor’s process through the creation of the role of the Vicomte de Valmont in Christopher Hampton’s Les Liaisons Dangereuses. What tools does an actor use to make his work believable? How can the choices he makes influence the story an audience receives? The actor takes you scene by scene through the choices he makes and the challenges he encounters in order to tell a clear story.

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Scenic Design For Robinson Jeffers' "Medea"., Christopher Gadomski Jan 2002

Scenic Design For Robinson Jeffers' "Medea"., Christopher Gadomski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The document contained herein contains a record of the West Virginia University, Division of Theatre’s 2002 production of Medea. The scenic design was done in partial fulfillment of the required thesis for the Master of Fine Arts Degree in Scene Design and Technology. This document contains the written history of the both the production and the origin of the work, a synopsis of the play, the production’s concept, and execution, and pictorial documentation of research, process, and the completed product. This document completes the requirements for the Master of Fine Arts Degree.

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Ice Shape Modeling Enhancement For Two-Dimensional Incompressible Local-Flow Navier-Stokes., Egemen Ol Ogretim Jan 2002

Ice Shape Modeling Enhancement For Two-Dimensional Incompressible Local-Flow Navier-Stokes., Egemen Ol Ogretim

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In computational modeling of fluid flow, the interaction between surface roughness and the flow field continues to be a challenging problem. In the aerospace community, the primary concern for aircraft performance is surface roughness on the leading-edge of an airfoil or wing which can adversely affect the design characteristics. There has been a great deal of research in this area including the affects on flow separation, roughness-induced transition, and heat transfer. However, many questions still exist with respect to the roughness-fluid interaction. One particular type of surface roughness that has become a critical area of research for aircraft designers is …

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Costuming "It's A Wonderful Life"., Jerry L. Johnson Jan 2002

Costuming "It's A Wonderful Life"., Jerry L. Johnson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This Thesis serves as record for the event surrounding the costume design for It’s a Wonderful Life. The Play was produced by the College of Creative Arts’ Division of Theatre and Dance at West Virginia University in the Fall of 2001. The document traces the conceptualization, actualization, and evaluation of the complete costume design for the production. Within the document there are inspirational research images, rough sketches of the costumes, as well as production photographs.

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The Effects Of Process Parameters On Steel Welding Response In Curved Plates., Mokhtar Awang Jan 2002

The Effects Of Process Parameters On Steel Welding Response In Curved Plates., Mokhtar Awang

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In large steel fabrication industries such as shipbuilding, and high-speed train guideway, the problem of residual stresses and overall distortion has been and continues to be a major issue. In the last few decades, various research efforts have been directed at the control of the welding process parameters aiming at reducing the distortions and residual stress effects. Yet, in actual practice, large amounts of resources are still being spent in reworking welds, which in turn increases the production cost and delays work completion. It is assumed that in order to reduce the residual stresses and distortions from a welding operation, …

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An Assessment Of Natural Cavity Abundance, Nest Box Use, And Management Recommendations For Birds On The Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge, West Virginia., Karen A. Sacilotto Jan 2002

An Assessment Of Natural Cavity Abundance, Nest Box Use, And Management Recommendations For Birds On The Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge, West Virginia., Karen A. Sacilotto

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Islands on the Ohio River contain valuable habitats that are unique and irreplaceable on a national or ecoregion basis. Aquatic habitats connected with the islands and their back channels (areas where commercial traffic is prohibited) provide quality habitats for bottomland hardwood wildlife; however, quantitative data on the importance of these areas are lacking. The objectives of this study were to: 1) compare breeding bird abundance and quality of habitat for cavity-nesting birds between back channel and navigational channel sides of islands, and 2) analyze the effects of nest box placement on cavity-nesting bird-use on the Ohio River Islands National Wildlife …

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Atmosphere: Transformation And Process., Jason Thomas Bohnert Jan 2002

Atmosphere: Transformation And Process., Jason Thomas Bohnert

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis document relays my graduate experience of discovering my voice in clay. My research involved the discovery of clay, glazes, and forms suited to my personal aesthetic as related to atmospheric firings and kiln experimentation. Developing my own expressions as pots based on my travels, culinary habits, and interactions with others and my natural environment was my goal. My work is heavily influenced by Chinese traditional pottery making techniques and tea culture. Many contemporary American potters have influenced my style, technique, and methodology as well. Merging traditions is of great importance to my work, allowing old traditions to live …

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Narrating Machines: Figurations Of Technology In "1 Henry Vi", "Robinson Crusoe", And "The Matrix"., Robert Patton Fanning Jan 2002

Narrating Machines: Figurations Of Technology In "1 Henry Vi", "Robinson Crusoe", And "The Matrix"., Robert Patton Fanning

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This essay attempts to demonstrate a tradition of the narrative use of technological tropes in Anglo-American popular narratives since the Renaissance. A play by William Shakespeare, a narrative by Daniel Defoe, and a recent movie are analyzed and compared to show the varying ways that technology has consistently figured in narrative attempts to address the contemporary social concerns narratively.

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A Study Of The Relationship Between Coal Mine Fatalities And The Length Of Time A Mine Has Been Opened., Nancy L. Dorset Jan 2002

A Study Of The Relationship Between Coal Mine Fatalities And The Length Of Time A Mine Has Been Opened., Nancy L. Dorset

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The cause and number of coal mining fatal accidents has been recorded since state mine inspection offices began in the mid 1870’s. With the advent of the United States Bureau of Mines, coal mine fatalities were analyzed in various ways. This study looks at the data from a novel direction: the relationship between fatality incidence rates and how long a mine has been active. Data from 1991 to 2000 was extracted from both the MSHA fatality reports and the MSHA Address/Employment database. The binomial proportion statistical test was used to determine when deaths exceeded or fell below the expected number …

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An Oral Hygiene Education Program Based On An Assessment Of The Oral Health Needs Of Children Ages Four To Seven In Guastatoya, Guatemala., Heather Denise Gibson Jan 2002

An Oral Hygiene Education Program Based On An Assessment Of The Oral Health Needs Of Children Ages Four To Seven In Guastatoya, Guatemala., Heather Denise Gibson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The people of Guastatoya, Guatemala have received minimal dental intervention and their dental needs have never been assessed. The purpose of this study was to assess the dental health needs of the children (ages four to seven) residing in this town. Based on these needs an oral hygiene education program was developed, implemented, and evaluated. A systematic sample resulted in 32 participants. The effectiveness of this three-phase study (assessment, disease control intervention, and post-assessment) was determined by utilizing four indices (DMFS, defs, OHI-S, and P-M-A). All subjects received oral bacterial plaque removal. Oral health education was provided to the experimental …

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Ground Realities Of Virtual Business. A Look At India And The United States Of America., Gautam Seth Jan 2002

Ground Realities Of Virtual Business. A Look At India And The United States Of America., Gautam Seth

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study looks at the advertisements and content on Web sites operating in the United States of America and India. The shortcomings of technology & infrastructure and the scope of conducting virtual business in India vis-à-vis the United States is also explored. The research focused on navigational ease, technological shortcomings and business opportunities in the sites covered for the two Countries using content analysis. The findings are similar and different in various contexts, as the level of participation of Government and private sector is varying vis-à-vis its population and the infrastructure.

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A Comparative Study Of Shrinkage And Cracking Of High-Performance Concrete Mixtures For Bridge Decks., Jennifer Lynne Morris Jan 2002

A Comparative Study Of Shrinkage And Cracking Of High-Performance Concrete Mixtures For Bridge Decks., Jennifer Lynne Morris

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

To alleviate the deterioration of concrete structures, High-Performance Concrete (HPC) is extensively used, particularly for bridge decks, due to its favorable durability characteristics. However, there is a problem with the high cracking tendency of HPC due to its high early shrinkage, low water-cementitious ratio, brittleness and low creep. Thus, the HPC advantages of high compressive strength and low permeability are somewhat offset by cracking problems, which reduce the service life of bridge decks. To improve this problem, the goal of this study is to modify conventional HPC mixtures with admixtures or modifiers to obtain low-cracking or no-cracking formulations using West …

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Recreation Specialization And The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum: A Study Of Climbers., George Mcclellen, Iii Weekley Jan 2002

Recreation Specialization And The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum: A Study Of Climbers., George Mcclellen, Iii Weekley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study is to match the appropriate setting opportunities with the level of recreation specialization of selected climbers, using the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) as a model of different setting opportunities. Questionnaires were distributed and analyzed to create a specialization index level. Associations with setting variables were analyzed using Kendall’s tau-b correlation and model selection loglinear analysis. Of the relationships examined, four variables were significant using Kendall’s tau-b and two using model selection (α= .05). These results show that the setting becomes more important as specialization increases and that more specialized climbers tend to go to more …

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Spiraling Towards Success: An Africana Artist's Exploration Of The Creative Process Of Writing And Performing A Monodrama., Nina Christine Domingue Jan 2002

Spiraling Towards Success: An Africana Artist's Exploration Of The Creative Process Of Writing And Performing A Monodrama., Nina Christine Domingue

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis fulfills the requirements needed to attain a Master of Fine Arts degree in Acting. The creative process embodied in this thesis helps to demonstrate the cultural and artistic survival of a black artist in mainstream theatre. The document also contains examples of the research used for playwriting and in the actress’ character development, descriptions of the rehearsal process, photographs from the production, excerpts from the actress’ journal, a review of the performance, and a self-evaluation.

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The Significance Of Metallothionein Isoform 3 Gene Expression In Human Prostate Cancer., Rana Dutta Jan 2002

The Significance Of Metallothionein Isoform 3 Gene Expression In Human Prostate Cancer., Rana Dutta

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Since the expression of the brain specific metallothionein isoform, MT-3, was shown to be expressed in many, but not all prostate cancers, this gene was transfected into the commonly utilized prostate tumor cell line, PC-3, to study the consequence of MT-3 expression on growth rate and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. PC-3 cells were stably transfected with MT-3 or MT-1E under control of the constitutive CMV promoter. The levels of MT-3 protein for the 5 overexpressing clones had an average level of 8.3 ng MT-3 per μg protein as assessed by quantitative immunodot blot analysis, and three were picked for further …

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A Comparison Of Psychologists Who Engage In Nonsexual And Sexual Dual Relationships With Psychologists Who Do Not., Debra Kristine Ehlert Jan 2002

A Comparison Of Psychologists Who Engage In Nonsexual And Sexual Dual Relationships With Psychologists Who Do Not., Debra Kristine Ehlert

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to examine and understand potential differences between psychologists who have engaged in a nonsexual and sexual dual relationship and psychologists who have not. Psychologists from across the United States (N = 59) completed questionnaires concerning object relations, parentification, narcissistic injury, self-esteem, and ethical judgment. Measures included a demographic questionnaire, the Bell Object Relations Inventory (BORI) with four subscales of alienation, insecure attachment, egocentricity, and social incompetence), the Parentification Questionnaire (PQ), the Narcissistic Injury Scale (NIS), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), the Ethical Judgment Scale (EJS), and four open-ended questions regarding the experience of being …

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Attachment, Gender, And Personality: An Exploration Into The Affective Components Of Adult Attachment In A Non-Clinical Sample., Daniel Joseph Fox Jan 2002

Attachment, Gender, And Personality: An Exploration Into The Affective Components Of Adult Attachment In A Non-Clinical Sample., Daniel Joseph Fox

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study used a total of 243 undergraduate students to examine differences in attachment style and personality. The Hazan and Shaver (1987) attachment measure and the Relationship Questionnaire (Bartholomew and Horowitz, 1991) were used to discern attachment type. The Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire-155 (Patrick, Curtin, & Tellegan, 2000) and the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, Second Edition (Fritts & Warren, 1996) were used to identify global personality variables. Findings revealed that the two attachment measures are highly related, and positive correlations were found between the global personality constructs of Positive Emotionality, Constraint, and Total Self-concept. The constructs of Negative Emotionality and Conflict were …

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The Quality Of Student Effort Of Nontraditional Student Persisters At Glenville State College., Marthenia Ellen Garrett Jan 2002

The Quality Of Student Effort Of Nontraditional Student Persisters At Glenville State College., Marthenia Ellen Garrett

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The study sought to determine if a relationship existed between the independent variable of student effort, and the dependent variables of perception of college environment and self-assessment of gains from the college experience for Glenville State College nontraditional student persisters. The study sought to determine if a relationship existed between scores of Glenville State College students for quality of effort and self-evaluation of gains from the college experience compared to the same scores for a normative group. The population included Glenville State College students at least 24 years old with at least 80 hours completed in a baccalaureate program in …

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Women's General And Oral Health Topics In Associate /Certificate, Baccalaureate, And Master's Degree Dental Hygiene Curricula., Joan Carol Gibson-Howell Jan 2002

Women's General And Oral Health Topics In Associate /Certificate, Baccalaureate, And Master's Degree Dental Hygiene Curricula., Joan Carol Gibson-Howell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The first purpose of this survey was to identify what women's general and oral health topics were included in dental hygiene curricula. Such variables as the dental hygiene degree granted, whether it was an associate/certificate (A/C), baccalaureate (BS), or master's degree (MS) and the course status were included. The second purpose was to investigate and compare demographic data and related educational issues, such as sources of instruction used by faculty when teaching women's health, continuing education completed by faculty in the past two years on women's health, where and how students apply their women's health knowledge, perception of satisfaction, perceived …

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