Digital Commons Network^™

'Bus Fare, Please': The Economics Of Sex And Gifts Among Adolescents In Urban South Africa, Carol E. Kaufman, Stavros E. Stavrou

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Force or coercion are often a part of sexual relationships in South Africa, especially among adolescents. This coercion is also often pinioned by an economic exchange: gifts or favours for sex. Studies have pointed out the negative consequences of the exchanges which are often characterised by large age differences (‘sugar daddies’) or power imbalances. Perhaps more pervasive but largely ignored, gift-giving in same-age relationships also may be associated with sexual leverage, an exchange which somehow entitles one partner physical and sexual rights to the other’s body. The circumstances surrounding gifts and favours may shape young women’s and men’s sexual experiences, …

Social Organization And Reproductive Behavior In Southern Ghana, Dominic K. Agyeman, John B. Casterline

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The objective of this research is to examine the association between social organization and reproductive behavior in one setting in sub-Saharan Africa. The particular focus is on the effects of social organization on the diffusion of innovative reproductive ideas and behaviors. Social diffusion is assumed to be strongly affected by patterns of informal social interaction, and these in turn are assumed to be determined in part by the social organization of local communities (gender relations, employment activity, voluntary organizations). The research draws on data collected in six communities in southern Ghana. The analysis reveals a weaker than expected association between …

Universal Sexuality Education In Mongolia: Educating Today To Protect Tomorrow, Delia Barcelona, Laura Laski, Caitlin Gerdts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This issue of Quality/Calidad/Qualité demonstrates how Mongolia developed a national plan to a provide a comprehensive sexual and reproductive health curriculum and media for adolescents. Among the lessons learned from the Mongolian experience were the following: 1) questions about unwanted sexual relations and sexual roles were the most pressing among adolescents, especially girls; 2) printed media are efficient and inexpensive; and 3) parental opposition was almost nonexistent in certain settings—often they expressed gratitude for this education.

Are We Not Peasants Too? Land Rights And Women's Claims In India, Bina Agarwal

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of SEEDS explores the critical elements in securing effective and independent land rights for women in South Asia. The author presents a range of cooperative strategies for enabling women to retain and cultivate the land and shows how micro-credit and other programs can be redirected to increase the amount and productivity of land women control. Recognizing that new policies and political will are required to foster and sustain such experiments, the author ends with a summary of how women are organizing to place women’s access to land at the center of national and global agendas.

Hoover Revisited - Appellate Review Of Faa Emergency Certificate Actions, Hilary B. Miller

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

The Warsaw Convention And Electronic Ticketing, Andres Rueda

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

Prospects For Changing Airline Ownership Rules, Yu-Chun Chang, George Williams

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

Attacks On America - Privacy Implications Of Heightened Security Measures In The United States, Europe, And Canada, Ruwantissa Abeyratne

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

To Preserve These Rights: The Constitution And National Emergencies, Steven J. Bucklin

South Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Welcome To The Mount Rushmore State - Keep Your Arms And Legs Inside The Vehicle At All Times And Buckle Up ... Not For Safety, But To Protect Your Constitutional Rights, Barry L. Huntington

South Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Compelled Expression And The Public Forum Doctrine, Howard M. Wasserman

Faculty Publications

This Article analyzes the theory underlying the Fist Amendment protection against being compelled by government to utter, present, or fund unwanted expression. The author creates a three-part model for determining when the fire speech rights of an objecting payer have been triggered. Under that model, First Amendment rights are implicated when there has been an actual government compulsion requiring an individual to give money to, or for the express benefit of, a specific private speaker for some use that, in itself, should be understood as expressive. This model strikes a necessary balance between the important theoretical underpinnings of the protection …

Cpl: A Language For Real-Time Distributed Object Programming, Erhan Saridoğan, Nadi̇a Erdoğan

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

As processing and time requirements of computer systems increase over the borders of single processor architectures, it is becoming more and more attractive to use distributed computing with additional real-time capabilities. In several cases, traditional programming languages have become insufficient to build distributed systems easily, especially when real-time issues and basic software quality factors are concerned. In this paper, a concurrent, object-oriented, distributed real-time programming language, CPL, with a supportive run-time system, namely the CORD-RTS, is introduced and new language features are described. The new language provides an efficient solution for command and control systems by embedding distribution and real-time …

An Efficient Middleware Architecture Supporting Real-Time Distributed Object Programming, Erhan Saridoğan, Nadi̇a Erdoğan

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

With the increasing demand for distributed real-time systems, the need for programming tools and execution platforms useful in development of such application systems is widely recognized. This paper presents CORD-RTS, an efficient middleware architecture that provides support for real-time distributed object programming. The communication infrastructure and various components of the middleware, which support several modes of interactions among distributed real-time objects, along with its real-time features and services, are discussed in detail.

New Oscillator Topologies Using Inverting Second-Generation Current Conveyors, Ali̇ Toker, Hakan Kuntman, Oğüzhan Çi̇çekoğlu, Mehmet Di̇şçi̇gi̇l

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this work, new oscillator topologies based on a recently introduced active element, namely inverting second-generation current conveyor, are presented. This recently introduced unity gain based active element is suitable for integrated circuit realization and can easily be implemented with CMOS technology. Considering this fact, basic oscillator topologies employing a single, two and three conveyors are proposed. Several oscillator circuits based on these topologies are obtained. Expressions for oscillation conditions and frequencies are derived both for ideal and non-ideal cases. Some of them are single frequency and the others are variable frequency oscillators. The oscillators employing two and three active …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

No abstract provided.

Preface, Levent Sevgi̇

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

No abstract provided.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

Array Pattern Nulling By Phase And Position Perturbations With The Use Of A Modified Tabu Search Algorithm, Ali̇ Akdağli, Keri̇m Güney

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

A useful and flexible method based on the tabu search algorithm for the pattern synthesis of linear antenna arrays with the prescribed nulls is presented. Nulling of the pattern is achieved by controlling both the phase and the position of each array element. To show the versatility of the present method, some design specifications such as the maximum sidelobe level and the null depth level are considered by introducing a set of weighting factors in the cost function constructed for the tabu search algorithm. Several illustrative examples of a Chebyshev pattern with the imposed single, multiple and broad nulls are …

The Influence Of Pitch And Loudness Changes On The Acoustics Of Vocal Tremor, Christopher Dromey, Paul Warrick, Jonathan Irish

Faculty Publications

The effect of tremor on phonation is to modulate an otherwise steady sound source in its amplitude, fundamental frequency, or both. The severity of untreated vocal tremor has been reported to change under certain conditions that may be related to muscle tension. In order to better understand the phenomenon of vocal tremor, its acoustic properties were examined as individuals volitionally altered their pitch and loudness. These voice conditions were anticipated to alter the tension of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. The voices of 10 individuals with a diagnosis of vocal tremor were recorded before participating in a longitudinal treatment study. They …

Vibrato Rate Adjustment, Christopher Dromey, Neisha Carter, Arden Hopkin

Faculty Publications

Summary: The goal of the present study was to document the acoustic changes that occur as singers attempt to increase or decrease their vibrato rate to match target stimuli. Eight advanced singing students produced vowels with vibrato in three registers, both naturally and while attempting to match faster or slower rate stimuli. Slower rates were associated with lower intensity and less steady vibrato. Faster rates involved increased vibrato extent in the chest register and increased intensity in the head register. Singers whose spontaneous vibrato rates were naturally either slower or faster tended to also be relatively slower or faster when …

The Role Of Outdoor Recreation In Family Enrichment, Patti A. Freeman, Ramon B. Zabriskie

Faculty Publications

The family is the fundamental unit in society and perhaps the oldest and most important of all human institutions. Several studies have indicated a positive correlation between strong, successful families and family participation in outdoor recreational activities. This paper addresses the role of structured outdoor recreation programming in family enrichment. Findings from two studies based in the United States are presented: one on the effect of a one–day family outdoor adventure program on parental and child perceptions of family functioning and the other from a qualitative inquiry into the meaning of family residential camping experiences. The first study collected both …

Web-Based Distance Instructional Partnership For Maritime Technology Of Pacific Rim Countries, Chun-Mei Shieh

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The prime purpose of this study was to identify and determine the attitudes and intentions of the faculty members in the field of marine technology education in Taiwan and Australia regarding adopting Web-based distance education. A secondary purpose was to develop guidelines for a program in preparation for implementing Web-based distance education for faculty members in Taiwan.

Five groups in the field of marine technology composed the research population for this study. They are the faculty members in Taiwan in nine vocational high schools, two junior colleges, the National Kaohsiung Institute Marine Technology (NKIMT), and the National Taiwan Ocean University …

A Study Of The Multiple Perspective Approach To Leadership Used By Elementary And Secondary Public School Principals In Urban Iowa, Tracy E. Johns

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Based on the writings and research of Dr. L. G. Bolman and Dr. T. E. Deal, this study sought to assess the leadership practices, preferences, preparedness, and performance of public school principals in urban Iowa. Specifically, were the principals in Iowa's eight largest districts making use of a multiple perspective approach to leadership? In what areas did they appear to feel most competent? And, in what areas did the principals in this study appear to feel most inadequate?

Bolman and Deal's Leadership Orientations ( Self ) Survey (1990) was distributed to 240 elementary and secondary principals working within the Urban …

A National Survey Of Elementary Principals' Response To The Events Of September 11, 2001, Diane Mary Mccarty

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The events of September 11, 2001, will be forever etched in the minds of citizens of the United States. Because students enrolled in the nation's elementary schools compose a significant segment of the population affected by these watershed events, this study investigated the responses of elementary school principals to the terrorist events of September 11. Specifically, this study sought to determine the degree to which elementary principals perceived their school's crisis management plan supported their leadership on September 11, 2001, and in the days and weeks that followed, and the degree to which elementary principals perceived these actions were connected …

Integrating New Technologies Into The Methods Of Education (Intime): Its Impact On The Professional Practice Of Participating Teacher Educators, Marius Boboc

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this qualitative study is to determine those factors that influenced the implementation of a technology-based project (Integrating New Technologies Into Methods of Education [INTIME]) as well as its overall impact on the professional practice of participating methods professors who used it in their classroom over a number o f semesters.

Recent research findings reveal the fact that teacher preparation programs lack the proper use of computer technology (CT). In this light, it would be expected that in- service teachers who have recently graduated college do not master the necessary technological skills to educate their own students for …

Student Perceptions Of Satisfaction With School Climate In Relationship To Their Involvement In An Extracurricular Activity Program For The Promotion Of Intercultural Harmony, Dana Charles Deines

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of conducting this study was to examine the relationship between students' involvement in extracurricular activities and their perceptions of satisfaction with the components of school climate. Central to this study was the examination of the relationship between students' involvement in an extracurricular activity program developed for the promotion of intercultural harmony and their perceptions of satisfaction with school climate.

From the approximately 1,200 students of a Midwestern high school, more than 400 students were surveyed using the National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP) Student Satisfaction Survey to determine students' satisfaction with the components of their school climate. …

Migration And Cultural Identity: Performing The Afro-Caribbean Woman's Struggle, Elvinet Samantha Wilson

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Current research suggests a relationship between cultural identity negotiation and the phenomenon of border crossing. While a wealth of literature exists on the topic of migration, few studies reflect a scope that includes in-depth analysis of the experiences of Afro-Caribbean women in the United States.Through ethnographic and autoethnographic methodologies, and using a feminist theoretical lens, this study explores issues relating to cultural identity negotiation in the lives of 10 Black women from Jamaica, The Bahamas, and Trinidad, who now reside in the Midwest region of the United States. Analysis based on a grounded theory approach, allowed themes to emerge from …

Positionality, Epistemology, And Social Justice In The Classroom, David Takacs

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

From Monopolists To Markets?: A Political Economy Of Issuer Choice In International Securities Regulation, Frederick Tung

Faculty Scholarship

It is ironic that during a time of corporate scandal and regulatory soul searching, one of the most spirited debates among corporate and securities law scholars has focused on reform proposals for international securities regulation that essentially call for corporate self-regulation. Scholars have called for international regulatory competition in securities law, arguing that each issuer of securities should be able to pick its own securities regulatory regime. While these "issuer choice" proponents argue for a diversity of and competition among securities laws of the various nations, their proposals also ironically depend on uniformity - or at least international consensus - …

System And Lifeworld In Habermas's Theory Of Law, Hugh Baxter

Faculty Scholarship

Jürgen Habermas's recent work on law and democracy divides into two parts. With his "discourse theory of law and democracy," Habermas seeks to explain the conditions under which modern constitutional legal and political orders may claim legitimacy. Here Habermas's method is primarily philosophical and legal-theoretical. The second part of the project – the part on which this article focuses – develops what Habermas calls his "communication theory of society." Here Habermas seeks to "translate" the normative conclusions of his discourse theory into a substantive social-theoretical model. The idea is to determine whether the ambitious normative theory of democracy is plausible …