Digital Commons Network^™

Involvement In Sports And Engagement In Delinquency: An Examination Of Hirschi's Social Bond Theory., Randy Hass

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Sports have been proposed as a means of reducing participation in delinquency. One criminological theory that would support this hypothesis is Travis Hirschi's social bond theory. The involvement element of that theory proposes that engaging juveniles in non-delinquent activities reduces engagement in delinquency. However, the relationship between sports and delinquency has not been adequately tested. Data from the first wave of the National Youth Survey were examined by ordinary least squares regression to determine if there was evidence supporting school sponsored sports programs as a means of reducing delinquency. No evidence was found to support the research hypothesis. Involvement in …

An Analysis Of The Academic Success Achieved By Five Freshman Cohorts Through A Community College Developmental Education Program., Nancy K. Gray-Barnett

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The challenge of underprepared students' entering America's colleges and universities is not new. Because of their "open door" policies, community colleges are more likely to enroll students who are not college prepared. This retrospective study focused on the performance of students who had completed required developmental education courses compared to the performance of students without developmental requirements. The study examined developmental education success measures for five cohorts of first-time degree-seeking freshmen each tracked for a six-year period enrolled at Walters State Community College located in Tennessee.

The success measures compared included grade point averages earned in college-level mathematics and English …

Stakeholder Beliefs, Satisfaction And Assessments Of School Climate After Implementation Of A Year-Round Calendar., Robin Lee Adams

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Year-Round Schooling (YRS), a calendar or scheduling concept, has become quite common in this country over the past thirty years. Generally schools have adopted YRS scheduling in an effort to: (1) increase efficiency in the operation of the schools and (2) enhance student development and learning.

The University School at East Tennessee State University (ETSU), a public K-12 school located on the ETSU campus, implemented a YRS calendar in the Summer of 1996. Over a period of six years data were collected to assess the effectiveness of YRS at University School. Study participants (students, parents and teachers) were surveyed initially …

Principal Selection And The Stories Superintendents Tell., Linda L. Baker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In addition to licensure and certification, there are particular qualities and personal characteristics superintendents look for when hiring a principal. With fewer principal applicants and increased projected needs for principals, it was important to explore the superintendent's reasoning when hiring a principal.

A qualitative research method employing elite interviews was used to explore the criteria that superintendents employ in their process of selecting a principal. When talking about the hiring of principals, superintendents invariably began with the selection process. Teachers, community members, parents, former employers, and college professors gave input in formal or informal ways. Superintendents looked for experience both …

Electronic Books: An Overview Of The First Two Generations., Todd O. Doman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The electronic text reading device, or e-book, is an idea that has reached the implementation stage. Technology has only recently made possible the production of a device to challenge the printed book’s dominance as the media for information transmission. These microprocessor-based devices are attempts to exceed the limitations of printed texts while retaining their strengths. Two generations of these devices, and the companies that created them, have reached the marketplace.

This thesis provides a short history of electronic text readers and gives an overview of the first and second generations. The issues that will affect the adoption of the e-book …

Antibiotic Resistance: Multi-Drug Profiles And Genetic Determinants., Lashan Denise Taylor

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were assembled for isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis collected from the Mountain Home Veteran's Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) clinical laboratory in Johnson City, Tennessee. The goal of the study was to identify isolates for genetic characterization using comparisons of susceptibility profiles. Isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis collected from July 1984 through 1994 were analyzed for β-lactamase production using a Cefinase disk assay.

A multi-drug profile consisting of 11 β-lactam antibiotics was performed on the 41 M. catarrhalis isolates. Kirby Bauer disk assays were performed for 7 cephalosporin and 4 non-cephalosporin antibiotics.

In summary, 2 observations implicate more complex resistance …

Colombia's Paramilitaries: Criminals Or Political Force?, David Spencer Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

The intent of this monograph was to explore the multiple dimensions of Colombia's ongoing crisis and inform the public debate regarding the challenges faced by the statesmen, intellectuals, military strategists, and others who take on the responsibility to deal with that crisis. Hopefully, it will also generate serious reflection about the tough choices Colombian, U.S., and other global leaders face. The author points out, first, that the Colombian paramilitary self-defense forces represent some important sectors of society, and enjoy more popular support from Colombian society than the insurgents. Second, the paramilitaries have developed into a powerful irregular force that is …

Esdp And Missile Defense: European Perspectives For More Balanced Transatlantic Partnership, Martin Aguera Mr.

Books, Monographs & Collaborative Studies

Security cooperation with Europe has been the bedrock of American strategy for more than 50 years. Today, that relationship is undergoing both stress and refinement as Europe moves toward a more unified political and security identity, and as the United States responds to a changing global security environment. While many issues have the potential to complicate U.S.-European security cooperation, few are more pressing than the U.S. pursuit of missile defense and Europe's construction of European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP). The author explains the relationship between missile defense and ESDP and shows that, rather than serving as wedges between the …

Chronic Exposure Of The European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) To Cry1ab Bacillus Thuringiensis Toxin, Josette Chafaux, Maryvonne Seguin, Jeffrey J. Swanson, Denis Bourguet, Blair D. Siegfried

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Transgenic corn expressing the insecticidal toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner is gaining support as an effective control technology for use against lepidopteran pests, particularly European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). However, there is concern that widespread adoption of transgenic plants will rapidly lead to B. thuringiensis toxin resistance. Thus, long-term selection of O. nubilalis populations with the Cry1Ab B. thuringiensis toxin has been undertaken in several laboratories in the United States and in Europe. We present results from two independent selection experiments performed in laboratories at the University of Nebraska and at the Institut National de la Recherche …

Will Voluntary And Educational Programs Meet Environmental Objectives? Evidence From A Survey Of New York Dairy Farms, Gregory L. Poe, Nelson L. Bills, B. C. Bellows, Patricia Crosscombe, Richard K. Koelsch, Michael J. Kreher, Peter Wright

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

This paper presents the results from a survey of New York dairy farms that links manure management practices and farmer willingness to participate in voluntary environmental programs, focusing on those operations that are not automatically designated as Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations. A wide divergence is found between actual and recommended manure management practices on individual dairy farms (high), the apparent ability of farms to divert financial resources to environmental practices (mixed), and the willingness to participate in voluntary programs at various annual costs per cow (low). These findings have policy implications for the USDA/USEPA National Strategy for Animal Feeding Operations.

Predicting Risk To Biodiversity As A Function Of Aquifer Pressure In Gab Mound Springs, A. J. Tyre, Brigitte Tenhumberg, H.P. Possingham

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Plants and aquatic invertebrates endemic to mound springs of the Great Artesian Basin (GAB) of Australia are of national biodiversity significance. Springs occur in groups, and current survey data suggest that local extinction and recolonisation within a group does occur naturally. Mound spring fauna are therefore good examples of true metapopulations, and any study of the environmental impacts on these systems must take this into account. Use of GAB water leads to drawdown of the pressure in the aquifer. This can potentially impact mound spring flora and fauna in two ways. First, as pressure decreases, so does flow from spring …

Evaluation Of Commonly Used Tribal And Traditional Remedies In Saudi Arabia, Baker H. Al-Awamy

Saudi Medical Journal

There are several compounds used in traditional prescriptions and as cosmetics, among several tribes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Nothing pertinent in the literature exists regarding the components and health hazards of these compounds. There are no health education programs to warn the community especially high-risk populations (such as sickle cell anemia and diabetes mellitus patients) of the hazards involved in the use of the traditional preparations. Tradition and folk medicine continue to be used in many developing countries, including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. For physicians who are not accustomed to dealing with this entity, particularly when the …

Pulmonary Changes In Liver Transplant Candidates With Hepatitis C Cirrhosis, Mohamed S. Al-Moamary, Tanja Gorka, Ibrahim H. Al-Traif, Hamdan H. Al-Jahdali, Abdullah A. Al-Shimemeri, Bander Al-Kanway, Abdulmajed A. Abdulkareeem, Abdulmajed A. Abdulkareeem

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: Several studies have shown that pulmonary abnormalities are common in patients with end-stage liver disease. However, most of these studies were conducted on patients with heterogeneous etiologies. Therefore, we studied these changes in a homogenous group of hepatitis C cirrhotic patients who were potential candidates for liver transplantation. METHODS: The charts of 81 patients from King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with hepatitis C cirrhosis who were evaluated for liver transplantation were reviewed. The following data was retrieved: echocardiography with micro-bubble study, arterial blood gases, and pulmonary function tests of 81 candidates and reviewed over …

Role Of Computerized Tomography In Diagnosis Of Atypical Gall Bladder And Common Bile Duct Stones, Tareq K. El-Husseini, Ibrahim A. Al-Shebrien

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of computerized tomography as an adjuvant to ultrasound in the diagnosis of atypical gallbladder and common duct stone disease. METHODS: Real time ultrasound scanning for the gallbladder and common duct was performed in the routine manner. High resolution computerized tomography images were subsequently obtained for the region of interest. RESULTS: Computerized tomography resolved undetermined results as follows: 1. Non shadowing gallbladder debris (6 points), 2. Focal gallbladder wall thickening (2 points), 3. Stone obscured by calcified gallbladder wall (3 points), 4. Non visualized gallbladder double arc shadow (4 points), 5 and 6. Impacted gallbladder neck …

An Evaluation Of Theophylline Dosing. Suggested By The Saudi National Protocol For Children With Severe Asthma, Samira I. Islam, Ahmed S. Ali, Nadia M. Fida

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of Saudi national protocol on the diagnosis and management of asthma for optimizing theophylline use in children with severe asthma. To also review theophylline clearance and provide guidelines for individualization of doses. METHODS: Theophylline level was estimated in blood samples of 66 children with severe asthma who were admitted to King Abdulaziz University Hospital during the period 1998-1999. The theophylline doses given to these patients was reviewed and patients were categorized into 2 groups: Group one had received doses recommended by Saudi national protocol ± 10%, group 2 had received doses <90% of that recommended by Saudi national protocol. The distribution of theophylline levels in blood samples of each group was estimated. Theophylline steady state level was used to estimate theophylline clearance using a standard pharmacokinetic equation. RESULTS: Out of the total samples from group one, 70% of theophylline levels were within therapeutic range, while only 10% of the total samples of group 2 were within therapeutic range. The mean theophylline clearance in children (1-8 years) was estimated as 0.092 ± 0.023 and was found significantly higher than the mean theophylline clearance (0.069 ± 0.014) which is observed in older children (9-13 years). CONCLUSION: Saudi national protocol theophylline dose guidelines had a favorable impact on the optimization of theophylline use in children with severe asthma. Guidelines that ensure accurate adjustment of doses on individual basis in view of drug level were suggested.

Screening For Hypertension. Assessing The Knowledge, Attitudes And Practice Of Primary Health Care Physicians In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Ahmad S. Al-Khashman

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the performance of primary health care physicians in screening people for hypertension in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, by assessing their knowledge, attitudes and practice. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study including 20 primary health care centers were selected randomly in Riyadh city during September 1996. The participation of 107 primary health care working doctors in these centers were invited to complete a 38 item questionnaire which contained essential knowledge regarding hypertension, screening for hypertension, their attitudes and practice in screening for hypertension. RESULTS: One 3rd of the doctors knew the correct …

The Magnitude Of Osteoporosis In Middle Aged Women, Raeda J. Al-Qutob, Salah M. Mawajdeh, Allam A. Khalil, Amy B. Schmidt, Akram O. Hannak, Basel K. Masri

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to increase the body of knowledge regarding osteoporosis in the Jordanian context by investigating the magnitude of osteoporosis amongst perimenopausal women, as well as the risk factors associated with the disease. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty one women between the ages of 40 to 60 years were randomly selected from the Orthopedics and Rheumatology out patient clinics at the Major Teaching Hospital in Amman, Jordan. A structured questionnaire, which focused upon risk factors and preventive measures for osteoporosis, was administered by a trained staff nurse to all women. Index women were then referred to a private …

Pityriasis Lichenoides Et Varioliformis Acuta In Pregnancy, Mamdoh A. Eskandar

Saudi Medical Journal

Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta is an uncommon disease, especially during pregnancy. In review of the obstetric literature, there was no report of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta during pregnancy. A 25-year-old female was seen at 24 weeks of gestation for consultation about a cutaneous disease. She was admitted at 30 weeks of gestation because of threatened premature labor, and some active cutaneous papules presented themselves at that time. After the treatment, cutaneous papules remitted. But at 35 weeks of gestation, she had spontaneous labor. Both the mother and infant were doing well at 5 months postpartum. If pityriasis lichenoides …

Lingual Granuloma Gravidarum, Othman M. Elmustafa, Ahmed A. Badie

Saudi Medical Journal

Granuloma gravidarum or pregnancy tumor is a benign lesion of the gingival mucosa which occurs during pregnancy. It is a pyogenic granuloma. This case report presents the clinical, histopathological features and the treatment of a grauloma gravidarum in a Sudanese patient in the puerperium.

Rumination And Cigarette Smoking: A Bad Combination For Depressive Outcomes?, Malia Richmond, Bonnie Spring, Beth Kaplan Sommerfeld, Dennis E. Mcchargue

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Ruminative coping has been shown to heighten the risk and severity of depression. The authors hypothesized that ruminators who smoke would experience greater depressive symptoms than ruminators who do not. The rationale is that, by heightening attentional focus, nicotine may increase ruminators' ability to focus on negative thoughts, augmenting depressed mood. Participants (N = 145) self-reported smoking status, rumination, and current and lifetime depressive symptoms, including depressed mood. Results showed that rumination accounted for a larger amount of variance in current and past depressed mood and severity of lifetime depressive symptoms among smokers than nonsmokers. Noncorrelational, experimental research should …

First And Second Generations Of Urban Black Mayors: Atlanta, Detroit, And St. Louis, Harold Eugene Core

Masters Theses

This research attempts to create an understanding of generationality as it applies to successive black mayors in the urban setting. At a glance, the first black mayors of Atlanta, Detroit, and St. Louis received criticism for being anti-white and using racial conflict to accomplish their goals of diversifying the decision-making elites in each city. The black mayors immediately following in each city were criticized in the black community as being too accommodating to white interests as they attempted to find racial balance in the decision-making elite.

This research uses literature to establish the nature of early black mayors as believing …

The Potentials For Cross-Gender Mentoring, J. Douglas Penn

Masters Theses

The youth of today are being confronted with more diverse choices than ever. With trends like close to 70% of African-American youth (in 1994) growing up in single-parented homes, many youth are left to make these critical choices without access to sufficient numbers of trusted adults. As the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development Concluded: "Many young people feel a desperate sense of isolation. Surrounded only by their equally confused peers, too many make poor decisions with harmful or lethal consequences" (1989). The job of social policy now must be to match these diverse choices with an equally diverse supply of …

Relationship Between Nursing Nutrition Knowledge And Attitudes And Identification Of Malnutrition In The Acute Care Setting, Susan D. Kendziorski

Masters Theses

Malnutrition is widespread in healthcare and effective protocols are needed to identify those at risk. Nurses are well suited to carry out screening for malnutrition because they are in close contact with the patient and are responsible to coordinate each patient's care. In order to perform this role nurses must have nutrition knowledge and the skills to complete an accurate nutrition screen. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between nursing nutrition knowledge, nursing attitudes towards nutrition, and the accurate completion of a nutrition screening protocol. Patient's charts were reviewed for accurate completion of the nutrition screening protocol …

Introduction To "Books", Margaret A. Leary

Articles

It's well known that graduate William B. Cook's generosity provided the Law School with its trademark Gothic Law Quadrangle. It is less universally known that Cook endowed the Law School with a trust to support faculty research, and had a strong interest in the nature of that research. He chose to call the library building "Legal Research" and to inscribe above the main entrance "Learned and cultured lawyers are safeguards of the republic." Cook often said that the lack of "intellectual leadership 1s the greatest problem which faces America," and he wanted this Law School to provide that missing leadership. …

The Effects Of Learning To Learn: Nine Years Of Data From Western Michigan University, Kimberly A. Morrill

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine what effect the LTL course had on student grade point averages and graduation rates at Western Michigan University. Three hundred fifty seven undergraduate students who took the LTL class between Fall semester 1987 and Winter semester 1995 were selected as the experimental group. The LTL students were divided into categories based on whether they were Beginners, Transfers, or Re-entries. The three groups of students were matched with control subjects based on demographic variables and academic history using logistic regression. Statistics were computed on all subjects in terms of the differences between the …

Residential Street Standards: Impacts On Neighborhood Visual Character And Traffic Behavior, Rachna Rachna

Master's Projects

Streets play a significant role in shaping the quality of built environment. The arrangement of street space and buildings is important in defining the visual character of a neighborhood and determining the behavior of traffic moving through a neighborhood. Some streets create a sense of place by visually tying the buildings and street space together whereas others appear to be just traffic thoroughfares and disconnected with the buildings fronting on them. Some streets encourage traffic to speed up while others make it slow down.

In technical terms, street may be defined just as a route, a passage for traveling from …

Policies And Programs Of The City Of San Jose’S Redevelopment Agency Regarding Affordable Housing, Suparna Saha

Master's Projects

Residents of the City of San Jose face many challenges, among these are an increasing employment and population growth, the shortage of market rate and affordable housing, and a deteriorating quality of life for both its residents and workforce. The purpose of this project is to explore the current housing crisis in San Jose, by reviewing housing, economic, population growth and employment data. As part of the housing assessment an overview of the City of San Jose Policy on the implementation of the inclusionary housing requirement of health and safety code section 33413(b)(2) will be discussed, and this project will …

Megafirms, Randall S. Thomas, Stewart J. Schwab, Robert G. Hansen

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Healthy Approach To Classroom Computers: Preventing A Generation Of Students From Developing Repetitive Strain Injuries, Laura Royster Bradley

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Carnivore: Taking A Bite Out Of The Fourth Amendment, Frank J. Eichenlaub

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.