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2001

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Impurity Conductivity In Semiconductors Resulting From Radiant Excitation, Vakhab T. Toulanov, Aziza Sh. Davletova, Lesbek T. Tashimov, Kamila A. Ortaeva Jan 2001

Impurity Conductivity In Semiconductors Resulting From Radiant Excitation, Vakhab T. Toulanov, Aziza Sh. Davletova, Lesbek T. Tashimov, Kamila A. Ortaeva

Turkish Journal of Physics

This paper deals with the derivation of common formulae for induced impurity photosensibility with an arbitrary set of energy levels in the semiconductor gap. We give the expression for the real recombinational situation with two types of impurity levels as well. The basic properties and certain common peculiarities concerning induced photoconductivity in semiconductors are under consideration.

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Electrical Characterization Of Gate And Gate:Cu Semiconductor Compounds, Hüsnü Sali̇h Güder, Bahatti̇n Abay, Hasan Efeoğlu, Cevdet Coşkun, Şaki̇r Aydoğan, Yahya Kemal Yoğurtçu Jan 2001

Electrical Characterization Of Gate And Gate:Cu Semiconductor Compounds, Hüsnü Sali̇h Güder, Bahatti̇n Abay, Hasan Efeoğlu, Cevdet Coşkun, Şaki̇r Aydoğan, Yahya Kemal Yoğurtçu

Turkish Journal of Physics

Electrical properties of GaTe and GaTe:Cu binary compound semiconductors were investigated by Hall effect and resistivity measurements in the 77-320 K temperature range. Donor and acceptor densities, compensation ratios, acceptor ionization energies, valence band effective mass of holes and effective density of states in valence band were determined for the undoped and Cu doped samples using the single donor-single acceptor analysis of the hole concentration. Temperature coefficient of the hole mobility was determined and compared with related theories.

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Electron Impact Double Ionization Of Helium From [E, (3-1)E] Experiments}, Mevlut Dogan Jan 2001

Electron Impact Double Ionization Of Helium From [E, (3-1)E] Experiments}, Mevlut Dogan

Turkish Journal of Physics

Electron impact double ionization of helium has been observed in an [e,(3-1)e] experiment at an incident electron energy of 200 eV. 110 eV scattered and 10 eV ejected electrons are observed in coincidence without detection of the second ejected electron (1 eV). Present and previous observations are discussed.

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Urbach-Martienssen's Tail In Layered Ternary Semiconductor Tlgas_{2}, Bahatti̇n Abay, Hüsnü Sali̇h Güder, Hasan Efeoğlu, Yahya Kemal Yoğurtçu Jan 2001

Urbach-Martienssen's Tail In Layered Ternary Semiconductor Tlgas_{2}, Bahatti̇n Abay, Hüsnü Sali̇h Güder, Hasan Efeoğlu, Yahya Kemal Yoğurtçu

Turkish Journal of Physics

Dependence of the absorption coefficient on the photon energy and temperature near the fundamental absorption edge was measured for layered single crystal TlGaS_{2}. The exponentially increasing absorption tail was explained as an Urbach-Martienssen's (U-M's) tail for TlGaS_{2} samples in the 10-340 K temperature range. The characteristic Urbach's parameters such as steepness parameter [\sigma (T)] and Urbach's energy [(E_{u} = k_{B} T / \sigma )] were determined. Analyzing the temperature dependence of these parameters based on the general models, which takes into account the possible role of several different types of disorder, we conclude that the absorption process in the fundamental …

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Epilepsy In Saudi Children With Cerebral Palsy, Abdulsalam A. Al-Sulaiman Jan 2001

Epilepsy In Saudi Children With Cerebral Palsy, Abdulsalam A. Al-Sulaiman

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics, electroencephalographic and computerized axial tomography profile in Saudi children with cerebral palsy who suffer epilepsy in a university referral center. METHODS: A total of 113 patients with cerebral palsy and epilepsy was seen (67 boys, 46 girls) with an over all mean age 5.3 years (range .2-12 years) during the study period (January 1998 - December 1999). They all had clinical evaluation and standardized electroencephalographic studies interpreted by the same examiner. RESULTS: The main clinical features were language delay (61%), hypotonia (45%), hypertonia (38%), and behavioral abnormalities (41%). Seizure types included generalized in 96 …

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Prevalence Of Hypertension In Obese And Non-Obese Saudis, Mohsen A. El-Hazmi, Arjumand S. Warsy Jan 2001

Prevalence Of Hypertension In Obese And Non-Obese Saudis, Mohsen A. El-Hazmi, Arjumand S. Warsy

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: Obesity occurs at a high prevalence in the Saudi population. Studies in literature show that hypertension occurs more frequently in obese individuals.This study was designed to determine the prevalence of hypertension in obese Saudis in comparison with results obtained in non-obese individuals. METHODS: The screening involved a statistically designed household screening program. Only adults 14-70 years of age were included in the study. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was measured when the individuals were in sitting position and height and weight were used to calculate Body Mass Index. All individuals with Body Mass Index > 30 were classified as obese …

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Epidemiology Of Bronchial Asthma Among School Boys In Al-Khobar City, Saudi Arabia, Kasim M. Al-Dawood Jan 2001

Epidemiology Of Bronchial Asthma Among School Boys In Al-Khobar City, Saudi Arabia, Kasim M. Al-Dawood

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of bronchial asthma among Saudi School boys at Al-Khobar city. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. The methodology included the distribution of a self administered questionnaire which was filled by the parents of 1482 school boys who satisfied the selection criteria of the study. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of Questionnaire Diagnosed Asthma and Physician Diagnosed Asthma were 9.5% and 8%. Questionnaire Diagnosed Asthma school boys and their parents suffered significantly higher rates of allergenic diseases and environmental factors (pets at home, passive smoking) than non Questionnaire Diagnosed Asthma. …

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Analysis Of False Positive And False Negative Cytological Diagnosis Of Breast Lesions, Awatif A. Jamal, Ibrahim Mansoor Jan 2001

Analysis Of False Positive And False Negative Cytological Diagnosis Of Breast Lesions, Awatif A. Jamal, Ibrahim Mansoor

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To study the reasons for interpretive errors in false negative and false positive diagnosis of breast carcinoma on fine needle aspiration cytology material. METHODS: We reviewed only those cases in which cytohistological discrepancies were found, where the cytologic material was abnormal and to some extent misinterpreted or both. RESULTS: There was only one false negative case (false negative fraction 0.32%) proved histologically as ductal carcinoma and four false positive cases (false positive fraction 1.2%); 2 fibroadenoma; 1 fibrocystic disease; and 1 stromal fibrosis. Smears of the two false positive fibroadenoma cases showed very high cellularity, overcrowded clusters and frequent …

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Computer Graphics Optique: Optical Superposition Of Projected Computer Graphics, Aditi Majumder Jan 2001

Computer Graphics Optique: Optical Superposition Of Projected Computer Graphics, Aditi Majumder

Link Foundation Modeling, Simulation and Training Fellowship Reports

We present some ideas and demonstrations for a hybrid projector-based rendering and display technique we call Computer Graphics Optique. Instead of partially overlapping projected images to achieve a wide-area display, we completely overlap projected images on top of each other to achieve the addition of light and color in an "optical composition buffer''. The idea is to use the optical composition to replace some analytical computation, to increase rendering speed, gain flexibility, intensity range, and intensity resolution. Where projector-based displays are appropriate, potential uses include the optical realization of certain effects normally requiring a digital accumulation buffer, the optical composition …

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Computer Graphics Optique: Optical Superposition Of Projected Computer Graphics, Aditi Majumder Jan 2001

Computer Graphics Optique: Optical Superposition Of Projected Computer Graphics, Aditi Majumder

Link Foundation Modeling, Simulation and Training Fellowship Reports

We present some ideas and demonstrations for a hybrid projector-based rendering and display technique we call Computer Graphics Optique. Instead of partially overlapping projected images to achieve a wide-area display, we completely overlap projected images on top of each other to achieve the addition of light and color in an "optical composition buffer''. The idea is to use the optical composition to replace some analytical computation, to increase rendering speed, gain flexibility, intensity range, and intensity resolution. Where projector-based displays are appropriate, potential uses include the optical realization of certain effects normally requiring a digital accumulation buffer, the optical composition …

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Enhancing Training And Presence In Virtual Environments Using Passive Haptics, Brent E. Insko Jan 2001

Enhancing Training And Presence In Virtual Environments Using Passive Haptics, Brent E. Insko

Link Foundation Modeling, Simulation and Training Fellowship Reports

One of the worst virtual environment experiences is to virtually contact something and feel nothing. Visual-haptic sensory conflicts are normally dominated by visual perception. Therefore, augmenting a high-fidelity visual virtual environment with low-fidelity haptic objects, called passive haptics, should markedly improve both sense of presence and task training effectiveness. Testing these hypotheses, I found adding a 1.5 inch physical ledge to a visual-cliff virtual environment increased participants' sense of presence as measured by subjective questionnaires, observed participant behaviors, and physiological responses. I next examined memory model creation and training effectiveness for a navigation task in a virtual environment with and …

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Teaching The Law Of Race (Book Review), Anthony V. Alfieri Jan 2001

Teaching The Law Of Race (Book Review), Anthony V. Alfieri

Articles

No abstract provided.

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Race Prosecutors, Race Defenders, Anthony V. Alfieri Jan 2001

Race Prosecutors, Race Defenders, Anthony V. Alfieri

Articles

No abstract provided.

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Crime Control And Feminist Law Reform In Domestic Violence Law: A Critical Review, Donna Coker Jan 2001

Crime Control And Feminist Law Reform In Domestic Violence Law: A Critical Review, Donna Coker

Articles

No abstract provided.

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Multiracial Matrix: The Role Of Race Ideology In The Enforcement Of Antidiscrimination Laws, A United States-Latin America Comparison, Tanya K. Hernandez Jan 2001

Multiracial Matrix: The Role Of Race Ideology In The Enforcement Of Antidiscrimination Laws, A United States-Latin America Comparison, Tanya K. Hernandez

Faculty Scholarship

This Article examines the role of race ideology in the enforcement of antidiscrimination laws. Professor Hernandez demonstrates the ways in which the U.S. race ideology is slowly starting to resemble the race ideology of much of Latin America. The evolving U.S. race ideology is a multiracial matrix made up of four precepts: (1) racial mixture and diverse racial demography will resolve racial problems; (2) fluid racial classification schemes are an indicator of racial progress and the colorblind abolition of racial classifications an indicator of absolute racial harmony; (3) racism is solely a phenomenon of aberrant racist individuals; and (4) focusing …

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Regulation Of Religious Proselytism In The United States, Howard Hunter, Polly J. Price Jan 2001

Regulation Of Religious Proselytism In The United States, Howard Hunter, Polly J. Price

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Howard Hunter and Polly Price examine the components of the US legal system that affect proselytism, focusing on the contradictions between the constitutional protection of religious freedom and legal constraints on proselytism. Hunter and Price comprehensively review the regulation of proselytism in both public and private spaces in the United States, analyze the justifications for these regulations, and suggest probable future issues of debate regarding religious freedom. Additionally, Hunter and Price argue that the regulation of proselytism has led to a failure to protect religious minorities, and in some cases contributed to their persecution.

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2001-2002 Undergraduate Bulletin, Rochester Institute Of Technology Jan 2001

2001-2002 Undergraduate Bulletin, Rochester Institute Of Technology

RIT Digital Archives

No abstract provided.

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Juror Comprehension And Complexity: Strategies To Enhance Understanding, Mark Findlay Jan 2001

Juror Comprehension And Complexity: Strategies To Enhance Understanding, Mark Findlay

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Recent law reform debate proposes the complexity of trials as generally reducing juror comprehension. This in turn is said to impact on the accuracy of the verdict. The empirical studies of three very different jury systems examined in detail in the paper challenge these assumptions against problematic measures of complexity. Critics of the jury, particularly in commercial fraud trials, often take the issue of trial complexity as a given. The studies demonstrate that features of the trial which trouble jurors in terms of concentration, comprehension and decision making are consistent, while often specific to the trial and interrelated. The paper …

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Ontologies And Electronic Commerce, Dieter Fensel, Deborah L. Mcguinness, Ellen Schulten, Wee-Keong Ng, Ee Peng Lim, Guanghao Yan Jan 2001

Ontologies And Electronic Commerce, Dieter Fensel, Deborah L. Mcguinness, Ellen Schulten, Wee-Keong Ng, Ee Peng Lim, Guanghao Yan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Ontologies are the first step toward realizing the full power of online e-commerce. Ontologies enable machine-understandable semantics of data, and building this data infrastructure will enable completely new kinds of automated services. Software agents can search for products, form buyer and seller coalitions, negotiate about products, or help automatically configure products and services according to specified user requirements. The combination of machine-processable semantics of data based on ontologies and the development of many specialized reasoning services will bring the Web to its full power. The authors discuss: taxonomies; information sources; future issues; business viewpoints; the e-marketplace; and B2B e-commerce standardisation …

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Incorporating Window-Based Passage-Level Evidence In Document Retrieval, Wensi Xi, Richard Xu-Rong, Christopher Soo Guan Khoo, Ee Peng Lim Jan 2001

Incorporating Window-Based Passage-Level Evidence In Document Retrieval, Wensi Xi, Richard Xu-Rong, Christopher Soo Guan Khoo, Ee Peng Lim

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This study investigated whether document retrieval can be improved if documents are divided into smaller sub-documents or passages and the retrieval score for these passages are incorporated in the final retrieval score for the whole document. The documents were segmented by sliding a window of a certain size across the document and extracting the words displayed each time the window stopped. A retrieval score was calculated for each of the passages extracted and the highest score obtained by a passage of that size was taken as the document’s passage-level score for that window size. A range of window sizes was …

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Putting The Brakes On The Global Trafficking Of Women For The Sex Trade: An Analysis Of Existing Regulatory Schemes To Stop The Flow Of Traffic, Katrin Corrigan Jan 2001

Putting The Brakes On The Global Trafficking Of Women For The Sex Trade: An Analysis Of Existing Regulatory Schemes To Stop The Flow Of Traffic, Katrin Corrigan

Fordham International Law Journal

This Note addresses international trafficking of women for the sex trade. Part I describes the existing laws that prohibit trafficking of women for the sex trade internationally, within the European Union ("EU"), and in the United States. Part I also explains how these laws can be used to combat global trafficking of women. Part II analyzes existing anti-trafficking laws in the relevant international treaties, the EU, and in the Unites States. Part II explores experts' opinions on the shortcomings of the existing laws for effective prevention of trafficking. Part III advocates that a comprehensive approach is necessary to eradicate international …

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Current Apathy For Coming Anarchy: Building The Special Court For Sierra Leone, Nicole Fritz, Alison Smith Jan 2001

Current Apathy For Coming Anarchy: Building The Special Court For Sierra Leone, Nicole Fritz, Alison Smith

Fordham International Law Journal

Part I of this Article examines the chronology of the decade-long conflict in Sierra Leone. It provides an illuminating backdrop against which the Special Court may be assessed and highlights particular features that the institutional design of the Special Court would have to accommodate. Part II explores the precedents for the Special Court. Specifically, it considers the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia ("ICTY") and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ("ICTR"), and the impetus behind the International Criminal Court, developments that parallel in time the unfolding of Sierra Leone's conflict. Part III subjects particular features …

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Issues On Ethnicity And Governance In Nigeria: A Universal Human Rights Perspective, Ema I. Orji Jan 2001

Issues On Ethnicity And Governance In Nigeria: A Universal Human Rights Perspective, Ema I. Orji

Fordham International Law Journal

This Article focuses on the plight of the Igbo ethnic group of southeast Nigeria. It traces the historical and political evolution of Nigeria with emphasis on ethnic relations. In arguing that the Igbo are victims of fundamental human rights violations, references are made to relevant international human rights instruments, as well as to the various constitutional guarantees entrenched in various Nigerian constitutions. The marginalization of the Igbo is discussed, particularly with regard to disparities in national education programs. This Article also discusses the Igbo right to self-determination and the failure of the international community to intervene on behalf of the …

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Necessary Steps For The Creation Of The International Criminal Court , Jennifer Schense Jan 2001

Necessary Steps For The Creation Of The International Criminal Court , Jennifer Schense

Fordham International Law Journal

This Essay will examine in further detail the legal structure for the actual establishment of the Court and relevant examples, in particular the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda and the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea. This Essay will also set forth some recommendations for timely action by governments, the United Nations, and other experts, to ensure that a solid foundation for the Court is constructed in a timely way.

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The International Criminal Court: Alive, Soon Kicking!, Harry Verwij Jan 2001

The International Criminal Court: Alive, Soon Kicking!, Harry Verwij

Fordham International Law Journal

In this brief essay, I will give an overview of my insights as to what urgent practical steps need to be taken by the Preparatory Commission ("Prepcom"), the Assembly of States Parties ("ASP"), and the Host State, the Netherlands, in order to guarantee the early establishment of the Court. I assume that my readers have a high level of understanding of the Rome Statute, the Prepcom, and other related documents.

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The Cooperation Of States With The International Criminal Court , Valerie Oosterveld, Mike Perry, John Mcmanus Jan 2001

The Cooperation Of States With The International Criminal Court , Valerie Oosterveld, Mike Perry, John Mcmanus

Fordham International Law Journal

This Article explores the various cooperation obligations included within the Rome Statute related to arrest and surrender; investigation and evidence gathering; privileges and immunities of Court officials; witness protection; enforcement of ICC sentences, fines, and forfeiture orders; and offenses against the administration of justice. The nature of each obligation will be discussed within the context of the Rome Statute itself, its negotiation history, and a comparison of how Canada, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom have implemented their obligations to cooperate with the ICC into their domestic law, to the end of providing technical assistance to States undertaking the important task …

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Market Power In Electricity Markets: Regulation, Deregulation And Competition - Lessons From The Italian Experience And Other European And U.S. Case Studies, Giuseppe Tesauro Jan 2001

Market Power In Electricity Markets: Regulation, Deregulation And Competition - Lessons From The Italian Experience And Other European And U.S. Case Studies, Giuseppe Tesauro

Fordham International Law Journal

The purpose of this Essay is threefold. First, to describe the Italian reform in electricity markets, comparing the models of liberalization and privatization followed by the Italian legislator with the British and French experiences. Second, to analyze the structure of the Italian electricity industry, which arose from the reform, and to study its effects in terms of increased competition from the vertical separation of the former monopolist. For this reason the traditional definition of market power will be revised. New indicators of the existence of a dominant position will be described. Studying the peculiarities of this industry, it will be …

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Dealing With The Risks And Responsibilities Of Landmines And Their Clearance, Michael Polkinghorne, James Cockayne Jan 2001

Dealing With The Risks And Responsibilities Of Landmines And Their Clearance, Michael Polkinghorne, James Cockayne

Fordham International Law Journal

Part I of this Essay addresses the issues of State responsibility for landmine removal. Part II discusses the various legal issues that landmine removal programs present. It does so by examining: (1) the international obligations that exist; (2) the domestic legal considerations; and (3) some of the issues facing governments who wish to remove landmines by the common measure of contracting out such work to third parties. The central question Part II considers is whether and how States can transfer the risks associated with landmine clearance to contractors.

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Alientating "Human" From "Right": U.S. And Uk Non-Compliance With Asylum Obligations Under International Human Rights Law, Inna Nazarova Jan 2001

Alientating "Human" From "Right": U.S. And Uk Non-Compliance With Asylum Obligations Under International Human Rights Law, Inna Nazarova

Fordham International Law Journal

Snapshot of the state of asylum seekers' rights in the United States and the UK at the time it was written. It provides an overview of U.S. and UK obligations to asylum seekers under international human rights law. The Comment also discusses the basics of U.S. and UK domestic law and procedure relevant to claims for asylum. The author advocates that the United State and the UK adopt a comprehensive approach to preserve asylum seekers' rights and concludes that domestic law should not become a pretext for human rights violations of asylum seekers in the post-September 11th world.

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The Early History Of German-Jewish Reparations, Menachem Z. Rosensaft, Joana D. Rosensaft Jan 2001

The Early History Of German-Jewish Reparations, Menachem Z. Rosensaft, Joana D. Rosensaft

Fordham International Law Journal

This Article provides an overview of the process leading up to the first comprehensive German-Jewish reparations agreements in order to give a historical context to the contemporary discussion of Holocaust-related reparations and restitution. The Article further attempts to shed some light on the behind-the-scenes role played by Josef Rosensaft, one of the individuals involved in the early stages of the reparations negotiations, and his parallel efforts to remedy the 1950-1951 denial of compensation payments to some 18,000 Jewish DP's by the German Land (State) of Lower Saxony.

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