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Hydrogeological Characterization Of The South Oyster Bacterial Transport Site Using Geophysical Data, Susan S. Hubbard, Jinsong Chen, John Peterson, Ernest L. Majer, Kenneth H. Williams, Donald J. Swift, Brian Mailloux, Yoram Rubin

OES Faculty Publications

A multidisciplinary research team has conducted a field-scale bacterial transport study within an uncontaminated sandy Pleistocene aquifer near Oyster, Virginia. The overall goal of the project was to evaluate the importance of heterogeneities in controlling the field-scale transport of bacteria that are injected into the ground for remediation purposes. Geochemical, hydrological, geological, and geophysical data were collected to characterize the site prior to conducting chemical and bacterial injection experiments. In this paper we focus on results of a hydrogeological characterization effort using geophysical data collected across a range of spatial scales. The geophysical data employed include surface ground-penetrating radar, radar …

Uptake Of Dissolved Organic Selenides By Marine Phytoplankton, Stephen B. Baines, Nicholas S. Fisher, Martina A. Doblin, Gregory A. Cutter

OES Faculty Publications

Se is present in multiple oxidation states in nature, each of which has unique chemical and biological reactivities. As a consequence, the rate of Se incorporation into food webs or its role as either a limiting nutrient or a toxic substance is a function of complex biogeochemistry. In particular, little is understood about the accumulation of dissolved organic selenides by phyto- or bacterioplankton. We assessed the bioavailability of dissolved organic selenides to marine and estuarine phytoplankton by presenting various algal species with filtered lysates of the diatom, Thalassiosira pseudonana, grown on media amended with radiolabeled selenite (⁷⁵Se[IV]). …

Control Of Phytoplankton Growth By Iron Supply And Irradiance In The Subantarctic Southern Ocean: Experimental Results From The Saz Project, P. W. Boyd, A. C. Crossley, G. R. Ditullio, F. B. Griffiths, D. A. Hutchins, B. Queguiner, Peter N. Sedwick, T. W. Trull

OES Faculty Publications

The influence of irradiance and Fe supply on phytoplankton processes was studied, north (47°S, 142°E) and south (54°S, 142°E) of the Subantarctic Front in austral autumn (March 1998). At both sites, resident cells exhibited nutrient stress (F_v/F_m 0 at 47°S and 9% I₀ at 54°S because of MLDs of 40 (47°S) and 90 m (54°S), when these stations were occupied. The greater MLD at 54°S is reflected by tenfold higher cellular chlorophyll a levels in the resident phytoplankton. In the 47°S experiment, chlorophyll a levels increased to >1 μg/L^-1 only in the high-Fe treatments, regardless …

Control Of Phytoplankton Growth By Iron And Silicic Acid Availability In The Subantarctic Ocean: Experimental Results From The Saz Project, D. A. Hutchins, Peter N. Sedwick, G. R. Ditullio, P. W. Boyd, B. Queguiner, F. B. Griffiths, C. Crossley

OES Faculty Publications

Subantarctic Southern Ocean surface waters in the austral summer and autumn are characterized by high concentrations of nitrate and phosphate but low concentrations of dissolved iron (Fe, similar to0.05 nM) and silicic acid (Si, <1 muM). During the Subantarctic Zone AU9706 cruise in March 1998 we investigated the relative importance of Fe and Si in controlling phytoplankton growth and species composition at a station within the subantarctic water mass (46.8degreesS, 142degreesE) using shipboard bottle incubation experiments. Treatments included unamended controls; 1.9 nM added iron (+Fe); 9 muM added silicic acid (+Si); and 1.9 nM addediron plus 9 muM added silicic acid (+Fe+Si). We followed a detailed set of biological and biogeochemical parameters over 8 days. Fe added alone clearly increased community growth rates and nitrate drawdown and altered algal community composition relative to control treatments. Surprisingly, small, lightly silicified pennate diatoms grew when Fe was added either with or without Si, despite the extremely low ambient silicic acid concentrations. Pigment analyses suggest that lightly silicified chrysophytes (type 4 haptophytes) may have preferentially responded to Si added either with or without Fe. However, for many of the parameters measured the +Fe+Si treatments showed large increases relative to both the +Fe and +Si treatments. Our results suggest that iron is the proximate limiting nutrient for chlorophyll production, photosynthetic efficiency, nitrate drawdown, and diatom growth, but that Si also exerts considerable control over algal growth and species composition. Both nutrients together are needed to elicit a maximum growth response, suggesting that both Fe and Si play important roles in structuring the subantarctic phytoplankton community.

Effects Of Iron, Silicate, And Light On Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Production In The Australian Subantarctic Zone, G. R. Ditullio, P. N. Sedwick, D. R. Jones, P. W. Boyd, A. C. Crossley, D. A. Hutchins

OES Faculty Publications

Shipboard bottle incubation experiments were performed to investigate the effects of iron, light, and silicate on algal production of particulate dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP_p) in the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ) south of Tasmania during March 1998. Iron enrichment resulted in threefold to ninefold increases in DMSP_p concentrations relative to control treatments, following 7 and 8-day incubation experiments. Additions of Fe and Si preferentially stimulated the growth of lightly-silicified pennate diatoms and siliceous haptophytes, respectively, to which we attribute the increased DMSP_p production in the incubation bottles. Both of these algal groups were previously believed to be low DMSP_{p …}

Introduction To Special Section: Saz Project, T. W. Trull, Peter N. Sedwick, F. B. Griffiths, S. R. Rintoul

OES Faculty Publications

Oceanographic processes in the subantarctic region contribute crucially to the phys. and biogeochemical aspects of the global climate system. To explore and quantify these contributions, the Antarctic Cooperative Research Center organized the SAZ Project, a multidisciplinary, multiship study carried out south of Australia in the austral summer of 1997-1998. We present an overview of the SAZ Project and some of its major results.

Holocene Sediment Records From The Continental Shelf Of Mac. Robertson Land, East Antarctica, Peter N. Sedwick, Peter T. Harris, Lisette G. Robertson, Gary M. Mcmurtry, Maximilian D. Cremer, Philip Robinson

OES Faculty Publications

Geochemical records are presented for five sediment cores from basins on the continental shelf of Mac. Robertson Land, East Antarctica. The cores contain 2-4 m thick sequences of hemipelagic, siliceous mud and ooze (SMO) deposited under seasonally open marine conditions. The inner and middle shelf SMO sequences are massive dark olive green material, whereas the outer shelf SMO sequences are dark olive material interspersed with light olive green layers similar to1-10 cm thick. The biogenic material is dominated by marine diatoms including Fragilariopsis curta, Fragilariopsis cylindrus, and Chaetoceros spp. in the dark-colored SMO and Corethron criophilum in the …

Growth Rate Variability And Lipofuscin Accumulation Rates In The Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus, Se-Jong Ju, David H. Secor, H. Rodger Harvey

OES Faculty Publications

To better understand growth and age-pigment (lipofuscin) accumulation rates of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus under natural conditions, juveniles (33 to 94 mm carapace width) were reared in outdoor ponds for over 1 yr. Growth rates, measured by carapace width, during summer and fall exceeded all those reported in the literature; the initial carapace width of 59 ± 14 mm (mean ± SD) increased to 164 ± 15 mm within a 3 mo period. No growth occurred during winter months (November to April) at low water temperatures. Growth rates of crabs in ponds were substantially higher (von Bertalanffy growth parameter …

Legal Systems, Decisionmaking, And The Science Of Earth's Systems: Procedural Missing Links, Nicholas A. Robinson

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Decisionmakers disregard scientific findings regarding environmental conditions, despite recommendations of the 1992 "Earth Summit" in Agenda 21 that science should provide a foundation for sustainable development. Although environmental degradation trends continue to exacerbate, decisionmakers address only selected issues. This Article examines an analytic paradigm for evaluating when decisionmakers are ready to address a problem and describes the catalytic role that scientific information can serve in prompting remedial action. Unless systematic procedures require evaluation of environmental scientific findings in the normal course of decisionmaking, science will continue to be ignored. One hallmark of Environmental Law has been to fashion such procedures, …

Backdoor Liability From Internet Telecommuters, Mark J. Maier

Computer Law Review and Technology Journal

Internet telecommuters work from home and access their employer's internal network over the Internet. This relatively new style of work has increased in popularity through the years, with an estimated 4.5 million workers Internet telecommuting in 1999. While employers enjoy compelling benefits such as reducing overhead costs, Internet telecommuting raises new security concerns for employers by exposing their internal networks to "backdoor attacks" that exploit the telecommuter's connection. The recent backdoor attack on Microsoft's source code illustrates the extent to which such attacks threaten confidential information. If such confidential information belongs to a client or third party, then the telecommuter's …

Identification Of The Domains Of Urer, An Arac-Like Transcriptional Regulator Of The Urease Gene Cluster In Proteus Mirabilis, Carrie A. Poore, Christopher Coker, Jonathan D. Dattelbaum, Harry L.T. Mobley

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Proteus mirabilis urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to CO₂ and NH₃, resulting in urinary stone formation in individuals with complicated urinary tract infections. UreR, a member of the AraC family, activates transcription of the genes encoding urease enzyme subunits and accessory proteins, ureDABCEFG, as well as its own transcription in the presence of urea. Based on sequence homology with AraC, we hypothesized that UreR contains both a dimerization domain and a DNA-binding domain. A translational fusion of the leucine zipper dimerization domain (amino acids 302 to 350) of C/EBP and the C-terminal half of UreR …

Gonzalez Exrel. Gonzalez V. Reno. 212 F.3d 1338, Rehearing Denied, 215 F.3d 1243, Certiorari Denied, 120 S.Ct. 2737 (2000). U.S. Court Of Appeals For The Eleventh Circuit, June 1, 2000., David Abraham

Articles

No abstract provided.

Making Blacks Foreigners: The Legal Construction Of Former Slaves In Post-Revolutionary Massachusetts, Kunal Parker

Articles

No abstract provided.

Anchoring Justice: The Constitutionality Of The Local Law Enforcement Act In United States V. Morrison'S Shifting Seas, Anthony E. Varona, Kevin Layton

Articles

No abstract provided.

Foster Care: The Border Of Family Identity Maintaining, (Re)Creating, Destroying, Zanita E. Fenton

Articles

No abstract provided.

Faith In Justice: Fiduciaries, Malpractice & Sexual Abuse By Clergy, Zanita E. Fenton

Articles

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"Please Let Me Be Heard:" The Right Of A Florida Foster Child To Due Process Prior To Being Committed To A Long-Term, Locked Psychiatric Institution, Bernard P. Perlmutter, Caroline S. Salisbury

Articles

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Studies On The Cranial Osteology Of The Blind Catfish Horaglanis Krishnai Menon (Pisces, Clariidae), T. V. Anna Mercy, N. Krishna Pillai

International Journal of Speleology

Horaglanis krishnai Menon is a blind catfish inhabiting the dug- out wells at Kottayam, Kerala, South India. Studies on the cranial osteology of the fish show that the bones on the skull are firmly articulated. The frontoparietal fontanella is very large so that the cranium virtually lacks a roof. The sphenotics and alisphenoids are hardly recognizable and the orbital bones are entirely lacking. In osteological features H. krishnai closely resembles Uegitglanis zammaroni. But in H. krishnai the orbital bones are further reduced or even absent. The fontanella is larger than that of any other known catfish. These two species …

Criminal Law In Cyberspace, Neal K. Katyal

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Two of the most talked-about crimes of the year, the ILoveYou computer worm and the denial of service attacks on Yahoo, eBay, and ETrade, suggest that a new form of crime is emerging: cybercrime. Thousands of these crimes occur each year, and the results are often catastrophic; in terms of economic damage, the ILoveYou worm may have been the most devastating crime in history, causing more than $11 billion in losses.

This paper asks how cybercrime is best deterred. It identifies five constraints on crime - legal sanctions, monetary perpetration cost, social norms, architecture, and physical risks - and explains …

The Sex Discrimination Argument In Gay Rights Cases, Nan D. Hunter

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The argument that laws that discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation in fact discriminate on the basis of sex is not new. Advocates have been pressing this claim for almost thirty years. Simply put, the argument is that a statute that bars a sexual relationship between two women or two men discriminates on the basis of sex because either partner could have had the same relationship with a person of the opposite sex.

Lawyers For The Abused And Lawyers For The Accused: An Interfaith Marriage, Abbe Smith, Ilene Seidman

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In this article, we will explore what unites lawyers for the abused and lawyers for the accused. In Part II, we will discuss our connection as poverty lawyers concerned about the dignity of individual clients. In Part III, we will discuss our shared commitment to the adversarial system, legal process, and access to justice. In Part IV, we will address the challenge of teaching students who represent victims or perpetrators to be zealous and devoted advocates - but also to care about social and legal injustice on both sides.

What's So Bad About Bush V. Gore? An Essay On Our Unsettled Election, Louis Michael Seidman

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

There is a chance that Bush v. Gore may begin a process of laying a more attractive and realistic foundation for constitutionalism than the Official Story provides. The very fact that the Court is not politically independent and that it could not settle the matter in a disinterested, apolitical fashion might set us down a path toward a more mature version of constitutional law. The politically tendentious character of the Coon's reasoning demonstrates that our core constitutional commitments are subject to political manipulation. Ironically, public understanding of this malleability makes our politics more, rather than less, inclusive. It does so …

Collusion And Collective Action In The Patent System: A Proposal For Patent Bounties, John R. Thomas

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Persistent commentary contends that the Patent Office is issuing patents that appropriate public domain concepts at an alarming frequency. Complaints of low patent quality enjoy growing resonance with regard to business methods, computer software, and other inventions for which patents were not traditionally sought. In this article, Professor Jay Thomas explains how the judiciary's lenient view of patentable subject matter and utility standards, along with miserly congressional funding policies, have rendered the Patent Office an increasingly porous agency. Professor Thomas next reviews existing proposals for improving patent quality, including the conventional wisdom that adoption of an opposition system will contribute …

Highways And Bi-Ways For Environmental Justice, Richard J. Lazarus

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The purpose of this essay is to discuss the past, present, and future of the environmental justice movement as illustrated by the highway between Selma and Montgomery in Alabama and the highway system surrounding the City of Atlanta in neighboring Georgia. The essay is divided into three parts. The first part describes environmental justice, seeking both to place it in a broader historical perspective and to discuss how it relates to civil rights law and environmental law. The second part undertakes a closer examination of the challenges presented by efforts to fashion positive law to address environmental justice norms. This …

The Clean Air Act And The Constitution, Lisa Heinzerling

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In the summer of 1997, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) strengthened the air quality standards for two air pollutants, particulate matter and ozone, based on mounting scientific evidence of the harmfulness of these pollutants at levels allowed by the existing standards. With respect to particulate matter (PM), the agency found that numerous epidemiological studies had established an association between PM levels and premature deaths in humans, especially in the elderly population. Indeed, one study on which the EPA relied had found that approximately 60,000 premature deaths in the United States alone could be attributed, annually, to particulate matter. The scientific …

Legal Scholarship As A Vocation, David Luban

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Law professors occupy a twin role as scholars and (most of them, at any rate) as lawyers. Deborah Rhode has pointed out, in her contribution to this symposium, that the lawyer role of the professor carries with it some frequently overlooked obligations, specifically the obligation to perform pro bono service. I agree with her, and have ventured similar arguments myself. Here I will address the more purely theoretical side of the legal scholar's vocation. The text I will take for my sermon is the famous speech on the scholar's role that Max Weber delivered to a student audience eighty years …

A Man Lost In The Gray Zone, David Luban

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The Rudolf Kastner trial was one of the three great scandals that rocked Israeli party politics in the 1950s (the others were the negotiations with Germany for Holocaust reparations and the so-called "Lavon affair"). Although Leora Bilsky describes it as an "almost forgotten trial," it has not been forgotten by subsequent writers: it makes an important cameo appearance in Arendt's Eichmann in Jerusalem; it features prominently in Tom Segev's The Seventh Million (1991); Yehuda Bauer's Jews for Sale? (1994) takes pains to refute the charges against Kastner; and it inspired two novels - Amos Elon's Timetable (1980) and Neil Gordon's …

Caretakers And Collaborators, Maxwell Gregg Bloche

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

A chilling subplot in the twentieth-century saga of state-sponsored mass murder, torture, and other atrocities was the widespread incidence of medical complicity. Nazi doctors’ human “experiments” and assistance in genocidal killing are the most oft-cited exemplar, but wartime Japanese physicians’ human vivisection and other grotesque practices rivaled the Nazi medical horrors. Measured by these standards, Soviet psychiatrists’ role in repressing dissent, Latin American and Turkish military doctors’ complicity in torture, and even the South African medical profession’s systematic involvement in apartheid may seem, to some, almost prosaic. Yet these and other reported cases of medical complicity in human rights abuse …

Optical Absorption And Photoluminescence Measurements In Inp And Inp:Fe Bulk Crystals And Inspection Of The Relations Between These Measurements, Seydi̇ Doğan, Sebahatti̇n Tüzemen, Beki̇r Gürbulak, Aytunç Ateş, Muhammet Yildirim

Turkish Journal of Physics

Optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) measurements were carried out in both undoped and Fe-doped samples and the effect of Fe doping on absorption and PL spectra were studied. The results show that Fe or Fe-related defects behave as non-radiative recombination centers in InP. This is very important from the point of view that the control of minority carrier lifetime is possible. On the other hand, comparative analysis of the PL results with the optical absorption data show that quantitative assessment of relative PL intensities is possible with respect to Fe concentrations.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Physics

No abstract provided.