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A Performer's Guide To Theatrical Elements In Selected Trombone Literature., Cason Austin Duke Jan 2001

A Performer's Guide To Theatrical Elements In Selected Trombone Literature., Cason Austin Duke

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In the last forty years, many new solo and chamber pieces have been written for the trombone which involve elements of a theatrical nature, including lighting, make-up, costume, stage direction, dialogue/narration, sound effects, props, and audience interaction. It is difficult for a trombonist searching for music to discern a piece's theatrical nature by its listing in most catalogs. This document has attempted to solve that problem by gathering pieces that share these elements into an annotated collection. Nearly 200 pieces were discovered through contacts made with individual trombonists, composers, and publishers around the world. Of these, over sixty were acquired …

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Electronic Communication Channels In Franchise Organizations., Michael Hebert Dickey Jan 2001

Electronic Communication Channels In Franchise Organizations., Michael Hebert Dickey

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The virtual organization has emerged as a result of the availability of information technology. One business model well suited to the virtual form is franchising. Since the success of franchise organizations is highly dependent on communication effectiveness, these organizations are beginning to adopt technology---namely, private corporate networks called intranets and extranets---to support electronic communication. This research study examines the effects of electronic communication channels on communication patterns within franchise organizations. First, the study addresses how electronic communication channels affect communication frequency within the franchise organization. Second, the effect of electronic communication channels on strategic outcomes, specifically, innovation, franchisee satisfaction, and …

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Glyphosate- And Glufosinate -Resistant Technologies: Weed Management And Off-Target Crop Response., Jeffrey Mark Ellis Jan 2001

Glyphosate- And Glufosinate -Resistant Technologies: Weed Management And Off-Target Crop Response., Jeffrey Mark Ellis

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Utility of preemergence soil-applied herbicides at full and half label rates were evaluated in glyphosate-resistant soybean. In most instances, differences in early season weed density and height were not noted when rates were reduced. None of the herbicides provided complete weed control, but some delayed weed growth providing an extra 3 to 7 days before the first postemergence glyphosate application was needed. Based on weed control and soybean yield, use of glyphosate alone was as effective as when preemergence herbicides were followed by glyphosate. In another study, barnyardgrass control with glyphosate at 0.84 and 1.12 kg ai/ha was not antagonized …

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Variables Related To Sexual Aggression In Male College Students., Laura Anne Estupinan-Kane Jan 2001

Variables Related To Sexual Aggression In Male College Students., Laura Anne Estupinan-Kane

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Using the Pathfinder computer algorithm comparisons were made of participants' knowledge organization of sexual, sexually aggressive, and aggressive concepts. Three hundred and fifty-two heterosexual males (81 admitting a past history and future likelihood of sexual aggressive/coercive behavior; 111 admitting a past history of engaging in sexual aggression; 88 admitting no past history of or future likelihood of engaging in sexual aggression) rated all possible pairwise combinations of 18 words relevant to sex, aggression, sexual aggression, and emotion. Analyses of the dependent variable, number of links, failed to support predicted differences as a function of level of sexual aggression in the …

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Subthreshold Photoionization In Molecular Dopant/Perturber Systems., Cherice Marie Evans Jan 2001

Subthreshold Photoionization In Molecular Dopant/Perturber Systems., Cherice Marie Evans

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The use of atomic and molecular Rydberg states to investigate dopant/perturber interactions is a well established research area. In this Dissertation, photoionization spectroscopy is used to probe the interactions between various dopants (D = CH3I, C2H5I and C6H6) and perturbers (P = Ar, N2, CO2, CF4, c-C4F8 and SF6) in a static gas-phase system. One overall goal is a better understanding of the nature of dopant/perturber interactions in the gas phase which, in turn, can lead to a better understanding of solvation in the condensed phase. Two separate perturber effects are investigated in this work: the perturber-induced energy shift of …

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Synthesis, Isolation, And Characterization Of Novel Organic Electronic Architectures., Taiya Sprull Fabre Jan 2001

Synthesis, Isolation, And Characterization Of Novel Organic Electronic Architectures., Taiya Sprull Fabre

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Interest in the fullerenes is due, in large part, to the fact that they represent the third major form of carbon, following graphite and diamond. We have investigated synthetic methods towards the creation of new carbon molecules derived from the fullerenes. The sought-after dimeric carbon fullerene derivative, C122, was successfully synthesized and isolated for the first time in modest yield from a complex reaction mixture. The all-carbon molecular allotrope was prepared via the new reaction of C60 with atomic carbon in solution. Atomic carbon was produced via the known thermolytic decomposition of diazotetrazole. Future work that could emanate from these …

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X -Ray Absorption Fine Structure (Exafs And Xanes) And Microscopic Investigations Of Supramolecular Systems., Pierre Nicolas Floriano Jan 2001

X -Ray Absorption Fine Structure (Exafs And Xanes) And Microscopic Investigations Of Supramolecular Systems., Pierre Nicolas Floriano

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Self-assembled monolayers of n-alkanethiols, CH3-(CH 2)x-SH, on Au, Ag, and Cu have been studied with Grazing incidence EXAFS (GIXAFS) at the sulfur K-edge. Characterization of the bonding of self-assembled monolayers is of great interest because of their ability to tailor physical and chemical properties of surfaces. For both pentanethiol and decanethiol monolayers on Ag and Cu, the three-fold hollow site is found to be the most probable sulfur binding site. However, observations for octadecanethiol indicate that the three-fold-hollow site is not the exclusive binding site. In addition, the possible existence of disulfide bonds on the metal surface (adsorbed dialkyldisulfides) is …

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Language And Power In A Louisiana Murder Trial: Discourse Features In Witness Testimony., Kara Lynn Gibson Jan 2001

Language And Power In A Louisiana Murder Trial: Discourse Features In Witness Testimony., Kara Lynn Gibson

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The literature concerning language, law, and power has traditionally focused on the linguistic strategies legal professionals employ for the purpose of controlling the speech of their clients and/or witnesses. However, newer research, stemming from gender-based theories of how power and/or powerlessness is manifest in language, promotes linguistic analyses from the perspective of the disempowered as opposed to the empowered, Such studies claim that speakers' election or avoidance of certain discourse features (e.g., hedges, hypercorrect forms, polite address forms, overlap, quotatives and gestures, etc.) and responses-types (e.g., declarative-context questions, copy responses, fragmented versus narrative responses, etc.) reflects their perceived power as …

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Wake Rites: The Ancient Irish Rituals Of "Finnegans Wake"., George Cinclair Gibson Jan 2001

Wake Rites: The Ancient Irish Rituals Of "Finnegans Wake"., George Cinclair Gibson

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The complex of rites, rituals, and mythic reenactments known in Irish mythology as the Rites of Tara provides an interpretive model for James Joyce's Finnegans Wake. Using information and theories pertaining to the Rites of Tara obtained from sources used by James Joyce, a comparison of the Rites of Tara with Finnegans Wake reveals important correlates related to chronology, characters, architectonics, themes, and defining characteristics. The three separate chronological events presented by Wakean scholars as possible dates for the events in the Wake---Easter, an unnamed pagan festival, and the Vernal Equinox---converged on a single day at the Rites of Tara. …

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Group Evaluation System Measuring Self-Reported Cooperative Extension Nutrition Education Program Impact In Adult Limited Resource Audiences With Diverse Literacy Skills., Annrose Mary Guarino Jan 2001

Group Evaluation System Measuring Self-Reported Cooperative Extension Nutrition Education Program Impact In Adult Limited Resource Audiences With Diverse Literacy Skills., Annrose Mary Guarino

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A Group Evaluation System was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Family Nutrition Program for use with adult limited resource audiences with diverse literacy skills. Using existing nutrition education resources, an exit survey instrument was developed and tested for validity and reliability. The group administered test format incorporated food associated graphic illustrations and response symbols with written questions read by the instructor. An instrument mock-up was reviewed by an expert panel and two intended-audience focus groups, one with functional reading skills and one without. During data collection, a pretest was conducted with a convenience …

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Exploring Organizational Learning Of The Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service: A Qualitative Study Involving Parish Chairs Of Less Than Three Years Experience., Cathy Hirsch Hamilton Jan 2001

Exploring Organizational Learning Of The Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service: A Qualitative Study Involving Parish Chairs Of Less Than Three Years Experience., Cathy Hirsch Hamilton

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This qualitative study was designed to facilitate the description, analysis and utilization of continual learning within the Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service (LCES). The research linked exploration of a learning culture within an organization with the reflective practice of participatory action research methodology. Learning organizations promote knowledge sharing that allows for individual learning to make the transition into collective organizational learning. In order for transformative learning to occur, individuals must reflect on their actions to make sense of an experience. Explaining and thinking about what one is doing makes tacit knowledge explicit, therefore able to be shared and used for change. …

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Synthetic Peptides: Design, Structure And Biological Function., Lars Gustav Johan Hammarstrom Jan 2001

Synthetic Peptides: Design, Structure And Biological Function., Lars Gustav Johan Hammarstrom

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The synthesis of a series of polyfunctional Calpha,C alpha-disubstituted glycines is described. The lysine-like amino acid analog, Api, was prepared by regioselective hydrolysis of a triBoced hydantoin, followed by Nalpha-protection to yield the first orthogonally protected ionizable Calpha,Calpha-disubstituted amino acid which is alicyclic. The synthesis of three orthogonally protected tetrafunctional amino acids, Bap, Bglu, and Basp was envisioned by alkylation of the organic synthon ethyl nitroacetate. Subsequent regioselective modification should allow for the isolation of the first tetrafunctional amino acid derivatives suitable for solid-phase synthesis. These amino acids are designed to induce peptide secondary structure by salt-bridge stabilization. A series …

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Design, Fabrication, And Testing Of Cross Flow Micro Heat Exchangers., Chad Randall Harris Jan 2001

Design, Fabrication, And Testing Of Cross Flow Micro Heat Exchangers., Chad Randall Harris

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Cross flow micro heat exchangers were designed to maximize heat transfer from a liquid (water) to a gas (air) for a given frontal area while holding the pressure drop across the heat exchanger of each fluid to values characteristic of conventional scale heat exchangers (car radiators). The cross flow micro heat exchanger design is unique since it produces a very high rate of heat transfer/volume between dissimilar fluids with low fluid pressure drops. Predicted performance for two types of cross flow micro heat exchangers is compared to each other and to current innovative car radiators. Although the cross flow micro …

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"Good Friday": A Guide To The Chamber Opera Of Luigi Zaninelli., Maryann Kyle Jan 2001

"Good Friday": A Guide To The Chamber Opera Of Luigi Zaninelli., Maryann Kyle

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Compositions by Mississippi composer Luigi Zaninelli, born in Raritan, New Jersey, on March 30, 1932, have recently reached seven and one-half million copies sold by music publisher Shawnee Press. Although Zaninelli's chorus, band, vocal, and orchestra compositions have received international acclaim, he has only recently begun to compose operatic works. The composer began to explore the world of opera at the urging of his former teacher, the famed Italian-American composer Gian Carlo Menotti. Zaninelli's three operas, Snow White-The Opera (1996), Mr. Sebastian (1997), and Good Friday (1998) represent his first forays into this complex musical idiom. It is the object …

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Superfast Dynamics Of Bipyridinium Ions At Interfaces And Polar Solutions., Yixiang Huang Jan 2001

Superfast Dynamics Of Bipyridinium Ions At Interfaces And Polar Solutions., Yixiang Huang

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The super-fast dynamics of solutes in polar solvents and at solid-liquid interface is investigated by femtosecond time-resolved Raman scattering (RRS) and computer simulation of molecular dynamics (MD). Femtosecond RRS is used to investigate four bipyridinium radicals in aqueous solution: methylviologen monocation MV+, benzylviologen monocation, 4,4'-bipyridinium-N,N'-di(propylsulfonate) monoanion and N,N'-ethylene-2,2' -bipyridinium monocation. Time-resolution of the dynamics of the four radicals is carried out by a pump and probe technique using the time-dependent transient intensity of Stokes and anti-Stokes RRS of C-C stretching mode. It is found that the lifetime of the electronic excited state B3u is less than 350 fs and the …

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Crop Response And Weed Control With Glufosinate In Rice., David Yves Lanclos Jan 2001

Crop Response And Weed Control With Glufosinate In Rice., David Yves Lanclos

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Studies were conducted to evaluate crop tolerance and yield of glufosinate-resistant rice lines treated with glufosinate throughout the season. In addition, studies were conducted on harvested seed treated with glufosinate at various growth stages to evaluate seed weights, germination, and seedling vigor. Weed control with glufosinate alone and in combination with other herbicides was evaluated. Red rice control with different glufosinate rates and timings under 5, 10, and 20 cm permanent flood depths was also evaluated. In the tolerance study, CPRS PB-13 injury was less than 10% for all timings and no differences in yield were detected when compared with …

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The Influence Of Agricultural Policy On Economic Integration Among Central American Countries: A Game Theoretic Analysis., Jorge Luis Icabalceta Mairena Jan 2001

The Influence Of Agricultural Policy On Economic Integration Among Central American Countries: A Game Theoretic Analysis., Jorge Luis Icabalceta Mairena

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The influence of eight commodity groups on international economic integration in five Central American countries are analyzed. The commodity groups are rice, beans, corn, sorghum, bananas, coffee, sugar, and beef. The countries are Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. A game theory framework is used to find a Nash equilibrium solution to a set of trade negotiation scenarios. The payoffs of the Political Preference Function (PPF) are used for the trade liberalization scenarios under analysis. These PPF payoffs are estimated using the MISS model. The nominal protection coefficient (NPC) is used as the main criterion for trade liberalization. …

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Analysis Of Hydrocarbon Materials By Use Of Nonpolar Matrices In Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Maldi-Ms)., Stephen Francis Macha Jan 2001

Analysis Of Hydrocarbon Materials By Use Of Nonpolar Matrices In Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Maldi-Ms)., Stephen Francis Macha

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In this study, polyaromatic hydrocarbon compounds including anthracene, pyrene, acenaphthene and perylene were investigated as nonpolar matrices in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) for the analysis of selected nonpolar analytes. First, the influence of matrix and the analyte ionization potentials on a charge-transfer ionization mechanism were determined. Results of these studies demonstrated that formation of radical molecular cations in MALDI-MS depends on the ionization energy difference between the matrix and the analyte. Charge-transfer ionization occurs only when the ionization potential of the matrix is higher than that of the analyte. Next, nonpolar matrices were investigated for the analysis of …

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The Effect Of Domestic Violence On Welfare Use, Employment And Mental Health: A Quantitative And Qualitative Analysis., Taryn Patricia Lindhorst Jan 2001

The Effect Of Domestic Violence On Welfare Use, Employment And Mental Health: A Quantitative And Qualitative Analysis., Taryn Patricia Lindhorst

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation is an empirical policy analysis which investigates the effect of domestic violence on a woman's welfare status, employment, and mental health within the context of new policies instituted by welfare reform. It uses quantitative data from a panel survey, and qualitative narratives from respondents who reported current domestic abuse. Multivariate analysis of welfare outcomes finds that domestic violence affects welfare outcomes indirectly through its effect on depression. Depression is associated with unemployment, continuing on TANF, and being sanctioned off welfare. Domestic violence is one of the strongest predictors of the level of reported depression. Abuse is not directly …

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The Emergence Of Lay Ecclesial Youth Ministry As A Profession Within The Roman Catholic Church., Charlotte Faye Mccorquodale Jan 2001

The Emergence Of Lay Ecclesial Youth Ministry As A Profession Within The Roman Catholic Church., Charlotte Faye Mccorquodale

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The astonishing growth of lay ecclesial ministry in the Roman Catholic Church began in the 1960's with the advent of the Second Vatican Council and with the emergence of a variety of specialized ministries one such ministry was to youth. The focus of this query was on the emergence of the profession of lay ecclesial youth ministry. The growth of the professional field of lay ecclesial ministry in the Roman Catholic Church can be seen in the writings of bishops, theologians, authors, national ministerial associations, and researchers as they address four major areas of concern. Those areas include: (1) the …

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From The Shadow Of Reagan: George Bush And The End Of The Cold War., Christopher Alan Maynard Jan 2001

From The Shadow Of Reagan: George Bush And The End Of The Cold War., Christopher Alan Maynard

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

George Bush entered the presidency constantly compared and contrasted with his predecessor, Ronald Reagan. Lacking Reagan's eloquence and adept use of the media, Bush was lambasted by the press as Reagan's "lapdog" and labeled a "wimp." The press pushed Bush to establish themes to match policy goals and to use the bully pulpit to lead the national debate on issues. His refusal prompted journalists to characterize the Bush presidency as lacking an agenda. Reagan's success with the media and Bush's failure have produced a misconception about the successes and failures of each president's policies. Thus, the period usually is referred …

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Epidemiology Of Salmonella In The Green Iguana (Iguana Iguana)., Mark Anthony Mitchell Jan 2001

Epidemiology Of Salmonella In The Green Iguana (Iguana Iguana)., Mark Anthony Mitchell

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The incidence of iguana-associated salmonellosis reported in humans during the 1990's is a public health concern. This research is the first attempt to describe the epidemiology of Salmonella in the green iguana. Seasonal prevalence of Salmonella in green iguanas and their environment were estimated at a commercial iguana farm in El Salvador. The prevalence of Salmonella was lower in adult iguanas (44%) than in yearlings (50%) (Odds ratio (OR): 0.77, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 0.6--0.96) and higher in male iguanas (50%) than females (41%) (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2--1.8). Salmonella recovery was lower in the fall (41%) sampling period than …

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Modified Mesoporous Silicates For Metal Adsorption., Allison Majorie Naquin Jan 2001

Modified Mesoporous Silicates For Metal Adsorption., Allison Majorie Naquin

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Mesoporous silica materials, commonly called Hexagonal Mesoporous Sieves (HMS), are used to adsorb copper, lead, and mercury from aqueous solution. To increase metal adsorption, organic ligands with high metal affinity are grafted to the surface of the HMS materials. Three ligands were used in this research: 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MP), 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AM), and p-(aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltrimethoxysilane (AB). The physical properties of HMS include large surface area and an ordered system of pores. These properties are believed to increase the extraction capabilities of the material by increasing the molar content of the chelating ligand and by making the ligand more accessible. The purpose of this …

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Effective Lobbying Strategies For Higher Education In State Legislatures As Perceived By Government Relations Officers., Ellen Prothro Murphy Jan 2001

Effective Lobbying Strategies For Higher Education In State Legislatures As Perceived By Government Relations Officers., Ellen Prothro Murphy

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of various lobbying strategies for higher education in state legislatures as perceived by state government relations officers. The target population for the study was defined as individuals currently employed as state government relations officers for public institutions of higher education. Data were collected for this study by surveying government relations officers contacted through the 7th Annual State Relations Conference. The total number of usable responses was 109 (74%) of 147 surveyed from 36 states. The instrument utilized in this study was a researcher designed questionnaire that included a demographic …

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Densities Of 4-Ranks Of K(2) Of Rings Of Integers., Robert Burke Osburn Jan 2001

Densities Of 4-Ranks Of K(2) Of Rings Of Integers., Robert Burke Osburn

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Conner and Hurrelbrink established a method of determining the structure of the 2-Sylow subgroup of the tame kernel K2( O ) for certain quadratic number fields. Specifically, the 4-rank for these fields was characterized in terms of positive definite binary quadratic forms. Numerical calculations led to questions concerning possible density results of the 4-rank of tame kernels. In this thesis, we succeed in giving affirmative answers to these questions.

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Worldly Rites: The Social And Political Significance Of Religious Services In Louisiana, 1803--1865., Julia Huston Nguyen Jan 2001

Worldly Rites: The Social And Political Significance Of Religious Services In Louisiana, 1803--1865., Julia Huston Nguyen

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In antebellum and Civil War Louisiana, religious rituals contained more than spiritual meaning. They also carried social and political significance that can illustrate a great deal about that society. Sabbath services, holidays, revivals, baptisms, weddings, and funerals all reflected the values that Louisianans believed to be important. By looking at religion and the ways that residents of Louisiana experienced it, not only on a daily basis but also during the major milestones of life, one can come to a greater understanding of the ways in which they structured their society and interacted with it. Through an examination of Louisiana religion, …

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Teacher Personal And School Culture Characteristics In Effective Schools: Toward A Model Of A Professional Learning Community., Dianne Fuselier Olivier Jan 2001

Teacher Personal And School Culture Characteristics In Effective Schools: Toward A Model Of A Professional Learning Community., Dianne Fuselier Olivier

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to explore personal and organizational factors within schools operating as professional learning communities and the relationships of these variables with intent to stay in teaching and organizational effectiveness. A conceptual framework, a Professional Learning Community Model, was developed to organize and conceptualize linkages among school culture, teacher self-efficacy, collective efficacy, human caring, intent to stay, and organizational effectiveness. Original measures were developed to assess teacher self-efficacy and collective efficacy and revisions/modifications of measures were used for school culture, human caring, and intent to stay. The study used a large sample and quantitative data analysis …

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Perceptions Of Work Ethic Among College Seniors., Patricia Nolen Pierson Jan 2001

Perceptions Of Work Ethic Among College Seniors., Patricia Nolen Pierson

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Orientation and attitudes toward work are important issues in the workforce where fierce global competition and demands for increased productivity threaten virtually every business and industry. Managers and executives perceive an erosion of work ethic by America's young people and claim that today's college students have no realistic concept of "a day's work for a day's pay". The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine the perceptions of work ethic among university seniors and further, to determine if differences in work ethic exist based on the variables gender, ethnic group, marital status, number of children, age, planned occupation, current …

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Translating Exile In Panait Istrati's "Mes Departs", Samuel Beckett's "Fin De Partie" And Selected Poems By Paul Celan., Ina Alice Pfitzner Jan 2001

Translating Exile In Panait Istrati's "Mes Departs", Samuel Beckett's "Fin De Partie" And Selected Poems By Paul Celan., Ina Alice Pfitzner

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Translation and exile are two phenomena that marked life in the twentieth century, especially in Europe, and have therefore left their traces in French literature as well. Translation from one language to another is a heightened form of the translation process inherent in any writing. Exile in a foreign country, linguistic exile, is an aggravated form of the exile every human being experiences at some point. Parting from Lucian Blaga's concept of "mioritic space," which is based on the Romanian myth of Mioritza, as well as Walter Benjamin's essay "Die Aufgabe des Ubersetzers" [The Task of the Translator], this study …

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Shell Model Description Of Normal Parity Bands In Heavy Deformed Nuclei., Gabriela Popa Jan 2001

Shell Model Description Of Normal Parity Bands In Heavy Deformed Nuclei., Gabriela Popa

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The low-energy spectra and electromagnetic transition strengths in 160,162,164Dy, 156,158,160Gd, and 168Er are described in the framework of the pseudo-SU(3) model. The Hamiltonian includes spherical single-particle energies, the Quadrupole-quadrupole interaction, and proton and neutron pairing terms with the strengths of these interaction fixed from systematics. The strengths of an additional four rotor-like terms that are included in the Hamiltonian, which do not mix SU(3) representations and induce only small changes in the spectra, were allowed to vary and a consistent set of these parameters was found. Proton and neutron degrees of freedom are considered explicitly by building the basis states …

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